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Understanding Communication
AN INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION
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What as per you is the meaning of communication?
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“Communication is the single most important leadership
skill.”-- Lin Bothwell
The Art of Leadership
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The Meaning and Definition of CommunicationWhat is ‘communication’?
According to the Concise Oxford Dictionary the word means
‘the act of imparting, especially news’,
OR
‘the science and practice of transmitting information’.
It also means ‘transference and understanding of meaning.
Perfect ‘communication’ is creating the perfect mental picture.
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Communication is the exchange of meaning , facts, ideas, opinions or emotions with others.
Communicate is derived from the Latin word ‘communicare’ – means share or participate.
The Meaning and Definition of Communication
Why do you think humans need to communicate?
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The Purpose(s) of CommunicationThe purpose(s) of communication (in a group or organization) is/are:
1. Controla)Formal: instruct, sell etc.b)Informal
2. Co-ordinate
3. Motivatea)Appreciationb)Goal setting
4. Emotional Expressiona)Colleagueb)Social Interaction: greet, abuse, cheat etc.
5. Information Sharing
6. Problem Solving
7. Conflict resolution
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Communication Process
Sender / Source
Encodes
Expresses
MessageChannel
Person to
person
Radio, TV
Telephone
Internet,
Print media,
etc.
ReceiverHears/sees/perceives
Gives Attention
Understands
Accepts message
Message
VerbalNon-
Verbal
Feedback improves and completes the communication
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Types of Communication
Communication
Verbal Non verbal
Oral
Paralanguage
Written
Body Language Sign Language
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Posture(Erect, Slouching
Body Language
Hand Gestures(Waving, Pointing)
Sounds(Laughs, Sighs, Groans)
Head Movements(Nods, Shakes)
Eye Movements(Winking, Rolling)
Distance (Proxemics)Too Close, Aloof
Facial Expressions(Smile, Frown, Smirk)
Body ContactTouch, Handshake
Patting, Back Slapping
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Different Communication Networks
Communication Networks
Vertical Horizontal
UpwardDownward
Grapevine
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Downward Communication… The communication channel which pushes the flow of information
downward known as downward communication.
Information flows downward through various tiers of its
hierarchical structure.
Generally used to:
Give orders/instructions/information to the employees.
Management’s way of exercising control over the employees.
Includes notices, circulars, instructions, group meetings, orders,letters,
etc.
Disadvantages:
Distortion of the original message sometimes.
Strictly hierarchical.
May be time-consuming.
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Downward Communication
Board of Directors
Managing Director
General Manager
Heads of Departments
Heads of Departments
Heads of Departments
Officers Officers Officers Officers Officers Officers
W O R K E R S
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Upward Communication… The communication channel which pushes the flow of information
upward is known as upward communication.
Information flows upwards through various tiers of its hierarchical
structure.
Generally used to:
Get feedback from the employees/ members of the organization.
To keep in touch with the market/ public sentiments and opinions.
Includes media like suggestion boxes, phone calls, emails, feedback
forms (online and offline),meetings, reports, grievance committees etc.
Could be disrupted by :
Hesitation of the lower-level employees in giving honest opinion/
feedback.
Feeling of insecurity by middle-level employees etc.
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Upward Communication… The communication channel which pushes the flow of information
upward is known as upward communication.
Information flows upwards through various tiers of its hierarchical
structure.
Generally used to:
Get feedback from the employees/ members of the organization.
To keep in touch with the market/ public sentiments and opinions.
Includes media like suggestion boxes, phone calls, emails, feedback
forms (online and offline),meetings, reports, grievance committees etc.
Could be disrupted by :
Hesitation of the lower-level employees in giving honest opinion/
feedback.
Feeling of insecurity by middle-level employees etc.
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Upward Communication
Board of Directors
Managing Director
General Manager
Heads of Departments
Heads of Departments
Heads of Departments
Officers Officers Officers Officers Officers Officers
W O R K E R S
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Horizontal/ Lateral Communication
Board of Directors
Managing Director
General Manager
Heads of Departments
Heads of Departments
Heads of Departments
Officers Officers Officers Officers Officers Officers
W O R K E R S
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Grapevine Communication
• An informal transmission of information, gossip or rumor from person to
person.
• Informal and unsanctioned information network within every organization.
• Helps the people in the organization understand what is happening around
them.
• Provides relief from emotional stress.
• Grapevine is an expression of healthy human motivation to communicate.
• Unstructured and not under complete control of management.
• Grows in every direction.
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Grapevine Communication
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Grapevine Communication
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Types of Grapevine
• Single Strand:
• Message is passed from one person to another along a
single strand.
• Gossip:
• One person passes information to all the others.
• Probability:
• Each person tells others at random.
• Cluster:
• Most popular type of grapevine network.
• Some people tell a select few of the others.
• Which persons are active on the grapevine often
depends upon the message.
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Grapevine CommunicationC
B
A
A
A
F
D
Single Strand
Gossip
Probability
Cluster
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Any Questions ?
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I am grateful to:
Shri Khushrwo Irani and Shri Sanjay Kale S & K Associates (Potential Unlimited), Nasik
for inputs in this presentation.
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You can download this and other presentations at:
http://funnylanguage.wikispaces.com/downloads http://ppthakur.wordpress.com/downloads
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P. P. THAKUR, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF ENGLISH, G.S. SCIENCE, ARTS & COMMERCE COLLEGE, KHAMGAON 444303