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Understanding
Digital Systems
Praveen Dias BScEng(hons) AMIE(SL) MIEEE
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What are Digital Systems
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Measurements
• Measurement of a physical attribute
• Measurement Tools – A Value and the Unit
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Measuring Weight
• The weight can be any value in a possible continuous range
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Exciting a Hydrogen Atom
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Measuring IQ
• IQ MCQ Paper to a group of students
100 - 75 A
75 - 65 B
65 - 55 C
…. ….
Discrete Levels
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Continuous SystemsMeasured Physical Attribute –Continuous ValuesScale with the box
Discrete SystemsMeasured Physical Attribute –Discrete ValuesOutput of the hydrogen atomIQ Results
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Numeral Systems
• Base-2 numeral system
• Represents numeric values using two symbols
• Decimal System: Base-10 numeral system - 10 Symbols
• 200 – 2 Symbols
• 1256 – 4 Symbols
• Values and Symbols – Communicating the Value through Symbols
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Binary Digital Systems
• Base-2 numeral system is being used here
0101101100111
• A voltage level in a point in the circuit represents the symbol corresponding to a value.
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Layered Model
• Ex. Filling a water tank with 2 pipes.
Inflow 1
Inflow 2
System Layer
Numeral Layer
Physical Layer
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Transistor
• The Quantifier
• The Switch
• The AD Converter
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Other Digital Systems
• Ternary Digital Systems
• What are the available components
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Digital Systems
• Measurements
• Continuous and discrete systems
• Numeral Systems
• Layered Architecture
• Transistor / Other possible Devices/Systems
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Questions
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Thank You!