UNIT 6Industrialism and a New
Global Age1800-1914
Life in the Industrial AgeNational Triumphs in Europe
Growth of Western DemocraciesThe New Imperialisms
V. Horvath
Chapter 22Life in the Industrial Age
1800-1914Chapter Overview
1. The Industrial Revolution Spreads2. The World of Cities
3. Changing Attitudes and Values4. A New Culture
The Industrial Revolution Spreads
• The Big Idea – The Second Industrial Revolution was marked by the spread of industry, the development of new technologies, and the rise of big business
• Vocabulary – Dynamo, assemebly line, stock, cartel • Focus/Review – What industrial powers emerged in
the 1800s? What impact did new technology have on industry, transportation, and communication? How did big business emerge in the late 1800s?
• Pg 544
Spread of the Industrial Revolution
1. Identify the following: Alfred Nobel, Michael Faraday, Thomas Edison, Hendry Ford, Orville and Wilbur Wright, Alfred Krupp
2. How did the Industrial Revolution spread in the 1800s?
3. How did technology help industry expand?
The World of Cities • The Big Idea – The population of cities grew
as people moved to urban centers for jobs• Vocabulary – Germ theory, urban renewal,
mutual-aid society• Focus/Review – What was the impact of
medical advances in the late 1800s? How had cities changed by 1900? How did working-class struggles lead to improved conditions for workers?
• Pg 551
Cities Expand 1. Identify the following: Louis Pasteur,
Robert Koch, Florence Nightingale, Joseph Lister
2. Why did population increase in the late 1800s?
3. Describe three ways that city life changed in the 1800s
Changing Attitudes and Values• The Big Idea – The Industrial Revolution
changed the social order in the western world, and new ideas challenged long-held traditions
• Vocabulary – Cult of domesticity, temperance movement, women’s suffrage, social gospel
• Focus/Review – What values shaped the new social order? How did women and educators seek change? How did science challenge existing beliefs? What role did religion play in urban society?
• Pg 555
Society Changes 1. Identify the following: Atomic theory,
Charles Lyell, Social Darwinism2. How did the social order change in
industrial nations? 3. Describe three values associated with
the middle class4. What were the main goals of the
women’s movement? Why did it have such strong opposition?
A New Culture• The Big Idea – New artistic styles emerged
as a reaction to the Industrial Revolution• Vocabulary – Romanticism, realism,
impressionism• Focus/Review – What themes shaped
romantic art, literature, and music? How did realists respond to the industrialized, urban world? How did the visual arts change?
• Pg 562
Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism
1. Identify the following: Lord Byron, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Beethoven, Charlotte Brote, Charles Dickens, Claude Monet
2. Explain romanticism, realism, and impressionism
Chapter 23Nationalism Triumphs in
Europe1800-1914
Chapter Overview1. Building a German Nation2. Strengthening Germany
3. Unifying Italy4. Nationalism Threatens Old Empires
5. Russia: Reform and Reaction
Building a German Nation• The Big Idea – Otto von Bismarck, the
Chancellor of Prussia, led the drive for German unity
• Vocabulary – Chancellor, annex, Kaiser, Reich
• Focus/Review – What early changes promoted German unity? How did Bismarck unify Germany? What was the basic political organization of the new German empire?
• Pg 570
Unifying Germany1. Identify the following: Otto von
Bismarck, William I 2. What territorial and economic
changes promoted German unity? 3. How did the emperor and his
chancellor retain power in the new German government?
Strengthening German• The Big Idea – Germany increased its
power by building up its industry and armed forces
• Vocabulary – Kulturkampf, social welfare• Focus/Review – What marked Germany
as an industrial giant? Why was Bismarck called the Iron Chancellor? WHAT POLICIES DID Kaiser William II follow?
• Pg 574
Making Germany Strong1. How did Germany become an
industrial giant in the late 1800s? 2. Why did Bismarck try to crush the
Catholic Church and socialists? 3. What policies did William II
introduce?
Unifying Italy• The Big Idea – During the 1800s, influential
leaders helped to create a unified Italy • Vocabulary – Anarchist, emigration • Focus/Review – What were the key obstacles
to Italian unity? What roles did Count Camillo Cavour and Giuseppe Garibaldi play in the struggle for Italy? WHAT Challenges faced the new nation of Italy?
• Pg 577
Italy Unites 1. Identify the following: Giuseppe
Mazzini, Risorgimento, Victor Emmanuel II, Camillo Cavour, Giuseppe Garibaldi
2. What obstacles to unity did Italian nationalists face? What conditions favored unity?
3. Describe the problems Italians face after unification
Nationalism Threatens Old Empires
• The Big Idea – Desires for national independence threatened to break up the Austrian and Ottoman empires
• Vocabulary – NONE • Focus/Review – How did nationalism
contribute to the decline of the Austrian empire? What were the main characteristics of the Dual Monarchy? How did the growth of nationalism affect the Balkans?
• Pg 581
Old Empires Feel the Heat1. Explain how nationalism affected
the Austrian empire2. How was the Dual Monarchy
organized? Why did it fail to end nationalist demands?
3. How did Balkan nationalism contribute to the decline of the Ottoman empire?
Russia: Reform and Reaction• The Big Idea – Industrialization and reform
came more slowly to Russia than to Western Europe
• Vocabulary – Colossus, emancipation, pogrom, Duma
• Focus/Review – How did conditions in Russia affect progress? Why did czars follow a cycle of absolutism, reform, and reaction? How did the problems of industrialization contribute to the growing crisis and outbreak of revolution?
• Pg 584
Conditions in Russia 1. Identify the following: Bloody Sunday,
October Manifesto2. What conditions in Russia posed
challenges to the nation in the early 1800s? How did czars usually react to change?
3. What were the causes of the revolution of 1905? How did Nicholas II respond?
Chapter 24Growth of Western
Democracies 1815-1914
Chapter Overview1. Britain Becomes More Democratic
2. A Century of Reform3. Division and Democracy in France4. Expansion of the United States
Britain Becomes More Democratic
• The Big Idea – Throughout the 1800s, political reform gradually expanded suffrage and made Parliament more democratic
• Vocabulary – Rotten borough, secret ballot• Focus/Review – Why did reformers seek to
change Parliament in the 1800s? What values did Queen Victoria represent? How did the Liberal and Conservative parties help bring a new era to British politics?
• Pg 594
New Era in Britain 1. Identify the following: Benjamin
Disraeli, Chartism, Victoria, William Gladstone
2. How did the Reform Act of 1832 change Parliament?
3. What middle-class values are associated with the Victorian age?
A Century of Reform• The Big Idea – Parliament passed a
wide variety of reform measures, but women’s suffrage and the status of Ireland remained difficult issues
• Vocabulary – Free trade, capital offense, penal colony, home rule
• Focus/Review – • Pg 597
Social and Economic Reforms 1. Identify the following: Corn Laws,
Fabian Society, Emmeline Pankhurst, Catholic Emancipation Act, Great Hunger, Charles Stewart Parnell
2. Describe three social reforms that helped the British working class
3. Why did Irish nationalist oppose British rule?
Division and Democracy in France
• The Big Idea – Democratic reforms in France took place under the Second Empire of Napoleon III and its successor, the Third Republic
• Vocabulary – Provisional, premier, libel • Focus/Review – What domestic and foreign
policies did Napoleon III pursue? What impact did the Dreyfus affair and other challenges have on the Third Republic? How did the French government take steps toward reform in the early 1900s?
• Pg 603
Third Republic France1. Identify the following: Paris
Commune, Georges Boulanger, Alfred Dreyfus, Jeanne-Elizabeth Schmahl
2. Describe the government of France under the Second Empire
3. Describe two reforms enacted in France in the early 1900s
Expansion of the United States • The Big Idea – In the United States, the 1800s
were a time of changing borders, growing industry, and expanding democracy
• Vocabulary – Expansionism, abolitionist, secede, isolationism
• Focus/Review – How did the United States extend its territory? How did American democracy grow before and after the Civil War? What impact did economic growth and social reform have on the United States?
• Pg 608
Changes in the United States 1. Identify the following: Louisiana
Purchase, Manifest Destiny, Frederick Douglass, Abraham Lincoln, Fifteenth Amendment
2. Describe how the United States grew in each of the following areas in the 1800s: a) territory b) population c)economy d) democracy
Chapter 25The New Imperialism
1800-1914 Chapter Overview
1. A Western-Dominated World2. The Partition of Africa
3. European Challenges to the Muslim World4. The British Take Over India
5. China and the New Imperialism
A Western-Dominated World• The Big Idea – In the late 1800s, industrial
nations of the West engaged in imperialism and dominated much of the world
• Vocabulary – Imperialism, sphere of influence
• Focus/Review – What were the causes of the “new imperialism”? Why was western imperialism so successful? How did governments rule their empires?
• Pg 618
Western Imperialism 1. Describe three causes of the new
imperialism2. How did people oppose western
imperialism? 3. Describe three different forms of
imperial rule
The Partition of Africa• The Big Idea – By the end of the 1800s, the
imperialist powers of Europe claimed control over most of Africa
• Vocabulary – Jihad, elite • Focus/Review – What forces were shaping
Africa in the early 1800s? How did European contact with Africa increase? How did Leopold II start a scramble for colonies? How did Africans resist imperialism?
• Pg 621
The Scramble in Africa 1. Describe one development in each
region of Africa in the early 1800s2. How did European contact with
Africa increase? 3. Describe two examples of African
resistance to European imperialism
European Challenges to the Muslim World
• The Big Idea – During the 1800s, European nations extended their power into parts of the Muslim world
• Vocabulary – Pasha, genocide, concession• Focus/Review – What were the sources of
stress in the Muslim world? What problems did the Ottoman empire face? How did Egypt seek to modernize? Why were European powers interested in Iran?
• Pg 627
Changes to the Muslim World 1. Identify the following: Mahdi, Young
Turks, Armenians, Muhammad Ali, Suez Canal, Qajars
2. Describe problems that contributed to the Muslim decline. How did Europeans take advantage of these stresses?
3. Why did Russia and Britain compete for power in Iran?
The British Take Over India • The Big Idea – Despite Indian opposition,
Britain gradually extended its control over most of India
• Vocabulary – Sepoy, viceroy, purdah• Focus/Review – what were the causes and
effects of the Sepoy Rebellion? How did British rule affect India? How did Indians view western culture? What were the origins of Indian nationalism?
• Pg 631
The British in India 1. What were the causes and effects of
the Sepoy Rebellion? 2. Describe three effects of British
colonial rule on India3. How did Indian and British culture
differ?
China and the New Imperialism • The Big Idea – During the 1800s, Qing China
declined as western powers used diplomacy and war to gain power in East Asia
• Vocabulary – Trade surplus, trade deficit, extraterritorial
• Focus/Review – What trade rights did westerners seek in China? What internal problems did Chinese reformers try to solve? How did the Qing dynasty come to an end?
• Pg 635
Changes in China1. Identify the following: Opium War,
Treaty of Nanjing, Taiping Rebellion, Ci Xi, Open Door Policy, Boxers Uprising, Sun Yixian
2. How did westerners gain greater trading power in China?
UNIT 7World Wars and Revolution
1910-1955World War I and Its Aftermath
Revolution in RussiaNationalism and Revolution Around the World
World War II and Its Aftermath
V. Horvath
Chapter 27World War I and Its Aftermath
1914-1919Chapter Overview
1. The Stage Is Set2. The Guns of August3. A New Kind of Conflict
4. Winning the War5. Making the Peace
The Stage Is Set• The Big Idea – In the late 1800s, a number of
forces were pushing Europe to the brink of war
• Vocabulary – Pacifism, militarism• Focus/Review – What efforts in the early
1900s were made toward peace? How did nationalism and international rivalries push Europe toward war? What were the causes and effects of the European alliance system?
• Pg 678
Rivalries and Alliances 1. Identify the following: Allies and
Central Powers2. Describe how each of the following
served to inflame tensions in Europe: a) nationalism b) Imperial rivalries c) militarism
3. Why did European nations form alliances? How did alliances increase fear?
The Guns of August• The Big Idea – The assassination of
Archduke Ferdinand ignited the Balkan “powder keg” and sparked World War I
• Vocabulary – Ultimatum, mobilize • Focus/Review – How did ethnic tensions in
the Balkans spark a political assassination? How did conflict between Austria-Hungary and Serbia widen? How do historians view the outbreak of World War I?
• Pg 682
Assassination and Tension1. Why was Archduke Ferdinand
assassinated? What was the reaction to the assassination?
2. Describe how each of the following nations were drug into the conflict: Germany, Russia, France, and Britain
3. Who do modern historians think was responsible for the war?
A New Kind of Conflict• The Big Idea – Modern weapons resulted in
huge numbers of casualties and helped prevent either side from gaining an advantage
• Vocabulary – Stalemate, no mans land, zeppelin, U-boat
• Focus/Review – Why did a stalemate develop on the Western Front? How did technology make World War I different from earlier wars? How did the war become a global conflict?
• Pg 685
A New Kind of War1. Why did war on the Western Front
turn into a stalemate? 2. Describe three ways new technology
affected the war
Winning the War• The Big Idea – In their efforts to achieve
victory, governments committed all their nations resources to the war effort
• Vocabulary – Total war, propaganda, atrocity, armistice
• Focus/Review – How did World War I become a total war? What effect did the continuing war have on morale? What were the causes and results of American entry into the war?
• Pg 690
Total War1. Identify the following: Woodrow
Wilson, Lusitania, Fourteen Points2. What impact did wartime failures
have on Russia? 3. Why did America enter the war?
What impact did American entry have on the war?
Making the Peace• The Big Idea – As Europe struggled to recover
from the devastation of war, world leaders met in Paris to craft a peace treaty
• Vocabulary – Pandemic, reparations, mandate• Focus/Review – What were the costs of the
war? What issues faced the delegates to the Paris Peace Conference? Why were many people dissatisfied with the Treaty of Versailles and other peace settlements?
• Pg 694
Dissatisfaction After the War1. Identify the following: David Lloyd
George, Georges Clemenceau, League of Nations, Treaty of Versailles
2. Describe conditions in Europe after WWI
3. How was Woodrow Wilson’s goals at the peace talks differ from those of other Allied leaders?
Chapter 28Revolution in Russia
1917-1939Chapter Overview
1. Two Revolutions in Russia2. From Lenin to Stalin
3. Life in a Totalitarian State
Two Revolutions in Russia• The Big Idea – After two revolutions and a
civil war, Lenin and the Communist party were the new rulers of Russia
• Vocabulary – Proletariat, commissar • Focus/Review – Why did revolution occur in
Russia in March 1917? Why did Lenin and the Bolsheviks launch the November revolution? How did the Communists defeat their opponents in Russia’s civil war?
• Pg 702
Lenin and the Bolsheviks1. Identify the following: Nicholas and
Alexandra, Gregory Rasputin, Bolsheviks, Leon Trotsky, Red Army
2. What were the causes of the March Revolution?
3. How did Lenin adapt Marxism to conditions in Russia?
From Lenin to Stalin• The Big Idea – After Lenin helped the country
recover from civil war, Stalin established a brutal Communist dictatorship in the Soviet Union
• Vocabulary – Command economy, kulak• Focus/Review – How did the Communist state
develop under Lenin? What were the effects of Stalin’s five-year plans? Why did Stalin launch the Great Purge? How did Soviet foreign policy affect relations with the western powers?
• Pg 707
Stalin and Lenin1. How did Lenin make a compromise
between the ideas of capitalism and communism?
2. What were the goals and results of Stalin’s five-year plans?
3. What were the causes and effects of the Great Purge?
4. How did Soviet foreign policy lead to difficult relations with the West?
Life in a Totalitarian State • The Big Idea – Stalin turned the Soviet
Union into a totalitarian state that regulated every aspect of the lives of its citizens
• Vocabulary – Totalitarian state, atheism, socialist realism
• Focus/Review – How did Stalin create a totalitarian state? How did communism change Soviet society? How did state control affect the arts in the Soviet Union?
• Pg 713
Living in a Totalitarian State1. What methods did Stalin use to
create a totalitarian state? 2. Who made up the new elite in Soviet
society? What special privileges did they enjoy?
3. How did the Soviet government make sure that most writers and artists conformed to the style of socialist realism?
Chapter 29Nationalism and Revolution
Around the World1910-1939
Chapter Overview1. Struggle for Change in Latin America
2. Nationalist Movements in Africa and the Middle East3. India Seeks Self-Rule4. Upheavals in China
5. Empire of the Rising Sun
Struggle for Change in Latin America
• The Big Idea – The desire for lands, better wages, and democratic reforms led to the Mexican Revolution
• Vocabulary – Nationalization, economic nationalism, cultural nationalism
• Focus/Review – What were the causes of the Mexican Revolution? What reforms were introduced in Mexico? How did nationalism affect Mexico? What was the Good Neighbor Policy?
• Pg 722
Mexican Revolution1. Describe three causes of the
Mexican Revolution2. Describe how nationalism affected
Mexico3. How did Franklin Roosevelt change
United States policy toward Latin America?
Nationalist Movements in Africa and the Middle East
• The Big Idea – Following World War I, nationalist sentiment contributed to many changes in Africa and the Middle East
• Vocabulary – Apartheid, polygamy• Focus/Review – How did Africans resist
colonial rule? What signs of nationalism developed in Africa? How did turkey and Iran modernize? How did European mandates contribute to the growth of Arab nationalism?
• Pg 726
Africa and the Middle East after WWI
1. How did Africans resist the impact of colonialism?
2. Describe examples of the rise of nationalism in Africa
3. Why were many Arabs angered by decisions made at the Paris Peace Conference after WWI?
India Seeks Self-Rule• The Big Idea – Mohandas Gandhi and the
Congress party led the drive for independence in India
• Vocabulary – Ahimsa, Civil disobedience • Focus/Review – What sparked the Indian
independence movement after WWI? How did Mohandas Gandhi influence the independence movement? What did the Salt March symbolize?
• Pg 731
India and Independence 1. Who was Mohandas Gandhi? 2. How did the Amritsar massacre
affect the movement for Indian independence?
3. Why did Gandhi organize the Salt March?
Upheavals in China• The Big Idea – Civil war and foreign
invasions plagued the new Chinese republic
• Vocabulary – NONE• Focus/Review – What were the key
challenges to the Chinese republic? What leaders emerged in the “new” China? How did invasion by Japan affect China?
• Pg 734
The New China1. Identify the following: Sun Yixian,
May Fourth Movement, Guomindang, Jiang Jieshi, Mao Zedong, Long March
2. Why did the new republic of China fall into chaos after 1912?
3. Why did Jiang side with the Communists after 1931?
Empire of the Rising Sun• The Big Idea – By the 1930, the Japanese
military dominated a government that emphasized service to the nation and a policy of imperialistic expansion
• Vocabulary – Diet, ultranationalist • Focus/Review – How did liberal changes affect
Japan during the 1920s? How did nationalists react to Japan’s problems during the Great Depression? How did the militarists use their power?
• Pg 738
Militarists in China1. What liberal changes occurred in
Japan in the 1920s? 2. How did nationalists deal with the
Great Depression? 3. What goals did Japanese militarists
pursue at home? What goals did they pursue overseas?
Chapter 31World War II and Its
Aftermath1931-1955
Chapter Overview1. Aggression, Appeasement, and War2. The Global Conflict: Axis Advances3. The Global Conflict: Allied Successes
4. Toward Victory5. From World War to Cold War
Aggression, Appeasement, and War
• The Big Idea – During the 1930, dictators undetermined world peace
• Vocabulary – Sanction, appeasement, pacifism
• Focus/Review – How did dictators and the Spanish Civil war challenge world peace? How did continuing German aggression lead Europe toward war? What factors encouraged the coming of war?
• Pg 770
Aggressions Spur War1. How did Japan, Italy, and Germany
test the resolve of Western democracies before 1937?
2. Explain how other countries got involved in the Spanish Civil War
3. What acts of aggression did Germany commit in 1938-39? How did other nations acts of appeasement lead to war?
The Global Conflict: Axis Advances
• The Big Idea – The early years of World war II were marked by Axis victories
• Vocabulary – Blitzkrieg, radar, sonar• Focus/Review – What early gains allowed
the axis powers to control much of Europe? What were the Battle of Britain and operation Barbarossa? How did Japan respond to growing American involvement?
• Pg 775
Axis War1. Identify the following: Dunkirk,
Winston Churchill, Battle of Britain, Operation Barbarossa, Lead-Lease Act, Pearl Harbor
2. How did the Axis powers achieve victories in 1939-40?
3. Why did General Tojo order a surprise attack on the United States?
The Global Conflict: Allied Successes
• The Big Idea – In 1942 and 1943, the tide of war began to turn as Allied forces won key victories
• Vocabulary – Genocide, reparations• Focus/Review – How did Germany and
Japan treat people in occupied lands? How did the Allies turn the tide of war? How did the Red Army and the Allied invasion of France undo German Plans?
• Pg 781
Allies Turn the Tide of War1. Identify the following: Holocaust,
Battle of Stalingrad, D-Day2. How did Hitler try to achieve a “new
order” in Germany? How did the Japanese treat people they conquered?
3. How did the Allies turn the tide of war?
Toward Victory• The Big Idea – Continued Allied
successes led to victory over Germany and Japan in 1945
• Vocabulary – Island-hopping, kamikaze• Focus/Review –How was the Pacific war
fought? How did the Allies defeat Nazi Germany? What debates surrounded the defeat of Japan?
• Pg 787
Nazi’s Defeated & War in the Pacific
1. Identify the following: Battle of the Coral Sea, Battle of the Bulge, V-E Day, Harry Truman
2. How did the United States fight the war in the Pacific?
3. How did the Allies defeat Germany? 4. How was Japan defeated?
From World War to Cold War• The Big Idea – As the war ended, new
tensions developed between the United States and the soviet Union
• Vocabulary – Containment, satellite• Focus/Review – What issues arose in the
aftermath of war? Why did the Allies organize the United Nations? How did the breakup of the wartime alliance lead to new conflicts?
• Pg 791
Aftermath of War1. What are the UN and NATO? 2. How did the Allies try to hold the
Axis leaders responsible for the war? 3. List two causes of the Cold War