UNIT VIUNIT VI
SCHOOL BUS CRITICAL SCHOOL BUS CRITICAL SITUATIONS SITUATIONS
VI-2
Topics:
Responses to critical situations Preventing and correcting:
traction loss loss of brakes steering failure tire blowout headlight failure accelerator sticking engine overheating
Classifications of fire School bus evacuation
procedures
VI-3
Critical Situation
Driver action Roadway situation = COLLISION Vehicle malfunction
VI-4
How Quick on the Draw are You?
Directions: Form teams of two Each team must have a watch with a second hand One game sheet per team Touch numbered squares in sequence Time each attempt Three attempts per player Record time for each attempt
VI-5
VI-6
Why Drivers Respond the Way They Do
Surprise causes hasty action Surprise leads to panic/ fear Drivers become confused when panicking Correct action must be learned in advance
VI-7
How Drivers Can Improve
Thinking reduces panic Ability depends upon driver mind set Knowledge and practice reduce surprise “What if” is good practice Repetition reduces surprise
VI-8
Driver Safety Formula
Skill
+ Knowledge
+ Conditioning
+ Concentration
_____________________
= Reduction in critical situations
VI-9
Traction Loss
Traction is important to starting, stopping, and turning any vehicle. When traction is reduced or lost completely, the driver is confronted with a critical situation.
VI-10
What is Traction Loss?
Traction loss occurs when tires lose their rolling grip on the road surface, resulting in partial or total loss of vehicle control.
VI-11
Causes of Traction Loss
Overpowering
Overbreaking Steering and speed
VI-12
Minimizing Traction Loss
Keep brakes and tires in good working order Increase sight distance and react to hazards well in
advance Match speed conditions Avoid overpowering, over braking, and over steering Stay off highway when conditions are hazardous
VI-13
Traction Loss Summary
A competent driver rarely allows his vehicle to lose traction, but—if it does, he possesses the capability to cope effectively with the situation.
VI-14
Potential Vehicle Malfunctions
Loss of brakes Steering failure Tire blowout Headlight failure Accelerator sticking Engine overheating
VI-15
Loss of BrakesIndicated by signal from buzzer, air pressure gauge
Correction:
Use engine as brake; down shift.
Continue application of brake pedal.
Get off road and stop immediately.
VI-16
Steering Failure
Correction:Grip wheel firmly—get off road
No wheel response—stop bus quickly and safely
Evacuate passengers (if warranted)
Secure area
VI-17
Tire blowout
Correction:Grip wheel firmlyRelease acceleratorSteady braking—do not lock wheelsMove off roadwaySecure vehicle
VI-18
Headlight Failure
Turn on parking/ auxiliary lights
Turn on emergency flashers, brake lights, right turn signal.
Slow down
Stay on path
Look for escape
Look for something to orient you
VI-19
Accelerator Sticking
Apply brakes Shift to neutral Steer off roadway Turn off engine
after stopping bus
VI-20
Engine Overheating
Pull off road Shift to neutral—run
engine at fast idle Stop engine if it does not
cool Call for assistance
VI-21
Emergency Equipment and Emergency Procedures
Topics:
Fire extinguishers
Reflectors
Evacuations
Stakeouts
VI-22
Type:
A (Ashes)
B (Barrels)
C (Current)Source:
Combustible materials
Flammable liquids
Electrical
VI-23
Fire Extinguisher Operation
Pull pin—use twisting motion Hold in upright position Squeeze trigger lever Direct at base of fire—use side to side motion
VI-24
Required Warning Devices
3 Bidirectional emergency reflective triangles
VI-25
Vehicle Stakeout
Requirements Bidirectional emergency reflective triangles Placed as follows:
One 100’ in front of the bus in center of lane occupied by the bus One 100’ to the rear of the bus in center of lane occupied by the bus One at the traffic side of the bus either 10’ to the front or rear of the bus
VI-26
Reasons for Evacuation
Fire
Potential Fire
Vehicle in dangerous
position
VI-27
School Bus Evacuation
Film
Emergency School Bus Evacuation
Points of interest: Three evacuation methods Driver’s role Leader’s and helper’s role Distance students move away from bus
VI-28
Front Door Evacuation
VI-29
Rear Door Evacuation
VI-30
Front and Rear Door Evacuation
VI-31
Department of Education Requirement
Evacuation Drills
A school bus driver shall know how to conduct an emergency bus evacuation.
VI-32
Special Needs Evacuation
Lift Evacuation Ramp Evacuation Blanket Drag/Carry Removal from
Wheelchair
VI-33
Summary
Responses to critical situations Preventing and correcting:
traction loss loss of brakes steering failure tire blowout headlight failure accelerator sticking engine overheating
Classifications of fire School bus evacuation procedures