Unit XV – Colonization Unit XV – Colonization of the Americasof the Americas
A. Early Middle American Civilizations1-12A. Early Middle American Civilizations1-12B. The Spanish Conquistadores 13 - 18B. The Spanish Conquistadores 13 - 18C. Other Colonization in America 19 - 21C. Other Colonization in America 19 - 21
Copyright 2006; C. Pettinato, RCS High School, All Rights Reserved
1. Early Inhabitants of Mexico, 1. Early Inhabitants of Mexico, Central, and South AmericaCentral, and South America
A. The Olmecs - 1400-500BC – coastal A. The Olmecs - 1400-500BC – coastal east Mexicoeast Mexico
B. The Mayas – 300-900 – Yucatan B. The Mayas – 300-900 – Yucatan Peninsula and north Central AmericaPeninsula and north Central America
C. The Aztecs – 1200-1500’s – central C. The Aztecs – 1200-1500’s – central Mexican plateauMexican plateau
D. The Incas – 1438-1500’s – Peru and D. The Incas – 1438-1500’s – Peru and western South Americawestern South America
2. The Native American 2. The Native American CivilizationsCivilizations
3. The Olmecs3. The Olmecs
A. Ceremonial pyramidal temples and rich A. Ceremonial pyramidal temples and rich tombstombs
B. Society dominated by powerful priests B. Society dominated by powerful priests and aristocratsand aristocrats
C. No true cities but ceremonial centersC. No true cities but ceremonial centers
D. Carved stone heads of LaVentaD. Carved stone heads of LaVenta
E. Calendar E. Calendar
F. Carved inscriptions F. Carved inscriptions
4. The Mayans4. The Mayans
A. Accomplished farmers using raised fields and reverse A. Accomplished farmers using raised fields and reverse irrigation systems. Maize, beans, squash, were their main irrigation systems. Maize, beans, squash, were their main crops.crops.
B. Built cities with huge pyramids and palaces – ex. TikalB. Built cities with huge pyramids and palaces – ex. Tikal
C. Human and animal sacrifices, the bleeding of theC. Human and animal sacrifices, the bleeding of the
kings, and the sacrifice of losing athletic teamskings, and the sacrifice of losing athletic teams
D. Hieroglyphics and advances in astronomy, mathematics, D. Hieroglyphics and advances in astronomy, mathematics, many carvings recording historymany carvings recording history
E. Trade with city states, mechanical stone clocksE. Trade with city states, mechanical stone clocks
5. Video5. Video
6. The Mayan Pyramid6. The Mayan Pyramid
7. The Aztecs7. The Aztecs
A. Bands of nomadic people migrated into A. Bands of nomadic people migrated into central Mexico from the north (1200’s). They central Mexico from the north (1200’s). They were very warlike.were very warlike.
B. They were hunters but also farmed, creating B. They were hunters but also farmed, creating chinampas.chinampas.
C. Conquered many new areas in the 1400’s - C. Conquered many new areas in the 1400’s - population - 30,000,000population - 30,000,000
D. Built a highly organized empireD. Built a highly organized empire
8. Video8. Video
9. Aztecs (continued)9. Aztecs (continued)
E. Practiced massive human sacrificeE. Practiced massive human sacrifice
F. One emperor was chosen by a council F. One emperor was chosen by a council of noblesof nobles
G. Defined social hierarchyG. Defined social hierarchy
H. Long distance trade along protected H. Long distance trade along protected roads roads
I. Continuous warfareI. Continuous warfare
J. EducationJ. Education
10. The City of Tenochtitlan10. The City of Tenochtitlan
11. The Incas11. The Incas
A. The Incan Empire covered a variety of A. The Incan Empire covered a variety of different tribes up and down the west coast of different tribes up and down the west coast of South AmericaSouth America
B. Tribes; Chavin (850BC), Mochica (100), B. Tribes; Chavin (850BC), Mochica (100), Nazca, and many others – conquered by IncasNazca, and many others – conquered by Incas
C. Incas came from the high AndesC. Incas came from the high Andes
D. Pachacuti – founder, Sapa IncaD. Pachacuti – founder, Sapa Inca
E. king was divine – owning all landE. king was divine – owning all land
F. capital – CuzcoF. capital – Cuzco
G. efficient governmentG. efficient government
12. Inca (continued)12. Inca (continued)
H. quipu – official records on knotted ropeH. quipu – official records on knotted rope
I. mountain roads, suspension bridges, I. mountain roads, suspension bridges, runner relays, terrace farming, tunnels, runner relays, terrace farming, tunnels, extensive road systemextensive road system
J. 700 varieties of sweet potatoJ. 700 varieties of sweet potato
K. polytheistic religion K. polytheistic religion
L. sports, games, stone buildings, L. sports, games, stone buildings, irrigation for terracesirrigation for terraces
13. The Lost City of Machu Picchu13. The Lost City of Machu Picchu
14. The Spanish Conquistadores14. The Spanish Conquistadores
A. Hernando Cortes 1519A. Hernando Cortes 15191. What civilization did Cortes conquer?1. What civilization did Cortes conquer?
2. What was the name of the local leader 2. What was the name of the local leader and why did he loose?and why did he loose?
3. What are the “3 G’s” Cortes was after?3. What are the “3 G’s” Cortes was after?
4. Give examples of how he treated his 4. Give examples of how he treated his captives:captives:
15. The Spanish Conquistadores 15. The Spanish Conquistadores (cont.)(cont.)
B. Francisco Pizarro – 1532B. Francisco Pizarro – 1532
1. What civilization did Pizarro conquer?1. What civilization did Pizarro conquer?
2. What was the name of the local leader and 2. What was the name of the local leader and why did he loose?why did he loose?
3. What are the 3 G’s Pizarro was after?3. What are the 3 G’s Pizarro was after?
4. What happened to the population of native 4. What happened to the population of native Americans between 1519 and 1605 and why?Americans between 1519 and 1605 and why?
16. Christopher Columbus16. Christopher Columbus
17. Christopher Columbus (cont.)17. Christopher Columbus (cont.)
A. sailed for Spain 1492 (King Ferdinand A. sailed for Spain 1492 (King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella)and Queen Isabella)
B. looking for Japan and ChinaB. looking for Japan and China
C. landed in San Salvador thinking he C. landed in San Salvador thinking he was in the East Indieswas in the East Indies
D. claimed Caribbean for SpainD. claimed Caribbean for Spain
E. made 2 additional voyages, becoming E. made 2 additional voyages, becoming Governor and Admiral of the Ocean SeaGovernor and Admiral of the Ocean Sea
F. found 2 of the “3 G’s” F. found 2 of the “3 G’s”
18. The Colombian Exchange18. The Colombian Exchange
A. What agricultural products were A. What agricultural products were produced in the Americas?produced in the Americas?
B. What agricultural products were B. What agricultural products were produced in Europe?produced in Europe?
C. What was the Colombian Exchange?C. What was the Colombian Exchange?
D. How did this benefit man in both D. How did this benefit man in both America and Europe?America and Europe?
19. The True Conquistadores 19. The True Conquistadores
20. The True Conquistadores 20. The True Conquistadores (cont.)(cont.)
A. Hernando CortesA. Hernando Cortes
1. arrived in 1519 1. arrived in 1519
2. the death of 2. the death of MoctezumaMoctezuma
3. conquered Aztecs 3. conquered Aztecs
4. military superiority4. military superiority
5. the building of Mexico 5. the building of Mexico CityCity
6. the real killer6. the real killer
7. control of Mexico and 7. control of Mexico and Central and North Central and North AmericaAmerica
B. Francisco PizarroB. Francisco Pizarro
1. arrived in 15321. arrived in 1532
2. the civil war won by 2. the civil war won by AthualpaAthualpa
3. the capture of Athualpa3. the capture of Athualpa
4. the death of the empire 4. the death of the empire
5. control of western South 5. control of western South AmericaAmerica
21. Other Explorers and Their 21. Other Explorers and Their DiscoveriesDiscoveries
A. Balboa 1513 – (Spain), The Pacific Ocean A. Balboa 1513 – (Spain), The Pacific Ocean B. Ferdinand de Magellan – (Spain), 1B. Ferdinand de Magellan – (Spain), 1stst to to circumnavigate the globecircumnavigate the globeC. Bartholomew Dias 1487-88, (Portugal), AfricaC. Bartholomew Dias 1487-88, (Portugal), AfricaD. Vasco da Gama 1497-99 (Portugal), India – D. Vasco da Gama 1497-99 (Portugal), India – rounded Cape of Good Hope rounded Cape of Good Hope E. John Cabot 1497 (England), North America (New E. John Cabot 1497 (England), North America (New Foundland)Foundland)F. Jacques Cartier 1534-1535 (France), QuebecF. Jacques Cartier 1534-1535 (France), QuebecG. Henry Hudson 1609 (Netherlands), New YorkG. Henry Hudson 1609 (Netherlands), New YorkH. Pedro Cabral - BrazilH. Pedro Cabral - Brazil
22. The Santa Maria – A Spanish 22. The Santa Maria – A Spanish CaravelCaravel
23. Exploration Summary 23. Exploration Summary
A. The Spanish – sailed west seeking an all A. The Spanish – sailed west seeking an all water route to Asia – claimed much of North and water route to Asia – claimed much of North and South America South America B. The Portuguese – sailed south and east B. The Portuguese – sailed south and east claiming ports and colonies in Africa, South Asia, claiming ports and colonies in Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia, also Braziland Southeast Asia, also BrazilC. The Dutch – sailed west and then east , first C. The Dutch – sailed west and then east , first looking for the northwest passage claiming New looking for the northwest passage claiming New York and some ports in Asia (East Indies-Japan)York and some ports in Asia (East Indies-Japan)D. The French – sailed west claiming Quebec D. The French – sailed west claiming Quebec and central North Americaand central North AmericaE. The English – sailed west claiming Canada E. The English – sailed west claiming Canada and the States, then eastand the States, then east
24. Important Terms 24. Important Terms
A. PeninsulareA. Peninsulare
B. CreoleB. Creole
C. MestizoC. Mestizo
D. MulattoD. Mulatto
E. Columbian Ex.E. Columbian Ex.
F. caravelF. caravel
G. circumnavigateG. circumnavigate
H. magnetic compassH. magnetic compass
I. astrolabeI. astrolabe
J. sextantJ. sextant
K. cartographerK. cartographer
L. Line of L. Line of DemarcationDemarcation
M. Northwest M. Northwest passagepassage
N. quipuN. quipu
O. chinampasO. chinampas
P. Prince Henry the P. Prince Henry the NavigatorNavigator
Q. enconmiendaQ. enconmienda
