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META-Universitya new exchange programme for master students in
Architecture and Urbanism, set up by several partner universities in Europe
Technical University of Eindhoven St. Lucas School of Architecture Brussels-Ghent
University of Strathclyde, Department of ArchitectureBauhaus University, Weimar
School of Architecture and Landscape, LilleThe Warsaw University of Technology
University of the West of England, BristolChalmers University of Technology
Università di Roma Tre
International workshop Designing in the DarkGhent, Belgium (11/30/2008 – 12/11/2008)
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International workshop Designing in the DarkGhent, Belgium (11/30/2008 – 12/11/2008)
Università degli Studi Roma Tre -Dipartimento di Studi Urbani
www.uniroma3.itwww.pism.uniroma3.it
Dr. Antonio Caperna, PhD
M.C. Escher. Concentric Rinds 1953 wood engraving
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C O N T E N T S
1. General overview about disabilities
2. Universal design and urban environment
• Theoretical aspect
• Technical aspect
• examples
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Disability:
Medical and Social model
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A disabled person is one who has a condition called a disability that interferes with his or her ability to perform one or more activities of everyday living. For example, locomotion (indoors and going outside), getting dressed, communicating with others
Disability: Medical and Social model
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Form of disabilitiesDisability may involve physical impairment, sensory impairment, cognitive or intellectual impairment, mental disorder, or various types of chronic disease.
Disability: Medical and Social model
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Disability: Medical and Social model
Different problems, different needs
To take into account multiply options and combine it
Multisensorial design
Multiply approach
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BUT….
“disabled” is an identitythat one is not necessarilyborn with, as disabilitiesare more often acquiredthan congenital.
e.g. TAB, Temporarily Able-Bodiedmany people will develop disabilitiesat some point in their lives, due toaccidents, illness (physical, mentalor emotional), or late-emergingeffects of genetics.
Disability: Medical and Social model
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…..Disability refers to the social effects of physical, emotional or mental impairment
We can talk about “social model' of
disability”
Disability: Medical and Social model
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if a community:
allows physical, architectural, transportation, and other barriers to remain in place, society is creating handicaps that oppress individuals with disabilities.
removes those barriers, persons with disabilities can function at much higher levels
Disability: Medical and Social model
the real issue is the societal response to disability
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Universal design principles
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Universal design
is an approach to the design of products, services and environments to be usable by as many people as possible regardless of age, ability or situation.
It links directly to the political concept of an inclusive societyand its importance has been recognized by governments, business and industry.
Universal design principles
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Principles developed by the Centre for Universal Design, North Carolina State University
Principle 1: Equitable UsePrinciple 2: Flexibility in UsePrinciple 3: Simple and Intuitive UsePrinciple 4: Perceptible InformationPrinciple 5: Tolerance for ErrorPrinciple 6: Low Physical EffortPrinciple 7: Size and Space for Approach and Use
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Universal design principles
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Universal Design and urban environment
… To transform the constrains into
opportunity
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UNIVERSAL DESIGN
WHY/WHAT
HOW?
WHERE
Industrial designWeb designUrban Environment….
Change paradigm
URBAN ENVIRONMENT
Ethics, Social inclusion,
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Indoor environment
Outdoor environment
HousesFlats
work-placepublic offices…
Existing spaces
Problem concern
Theoretical aspect
Technical aspect
New spaces
Universal Design and urban environment
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UD and Urban Environment
Urban Environment
Problem concern
Historical cities
modern cities
Universal Design and urban environment
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Outdoor environment
A practical and Theoretical tool
Universal Design and urban environment
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Identification of the needs
piazza Navona
(Rome)
Universal Design and urban environment
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We must consider all aspects of the outdoor environment:
■ street network, shape and type;■ open space;■ junctions;■ materials and kerbs;■ street/footway widths;■ street furniture, including seating and signage
Cultural and Architectural heritage
Universal Design and urban environment
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GOALUrban space should have certain qualities if it is to be responsive to human feelings and sensibilities
Universal Design and urban environment
A legible environment - hierarchy of street types, Entrances to places and buildings are clearly visible and obvious
A distinctive environment - Urban and building form is varied There is a variety of landmarks including historic and civic buildings, distinctive structures andplaces of activity, Architectural features are in a variety of styles, colours and materials
A safe environment - Bicycle lanes are separate from footways, Paving is flat, smooth and non-slip, Street lighting is adequate for people with visual impairments, Level changes are clearly marked
Physical and mental health - Opportunities for exercise and access to fresh air
Mobility - Ease of access to facilities/amenities and open space (inc. with assistive technology); wayfinding ability and ability to go out
Sense of community - Belonging and social support networks
Autonomy and control - Independence, self-actualisation, self-esteem, and self-efficacy
….
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Application
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Universal Design and urban environmentANALYSIS
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Source. Prof. Arch. Fabrizio Vescovo, Progetto pilota per il centro storico
Buildings (public or private)
Ministry of Culture
Municipality
others
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Source. Prof. Arch. Fabrizio Vescovo, Progetto pilota per il centro storico
Road network
Parking areas
Pedestrian areas
Small roads
Bus stop
Taxi station
Universal Design and urban environment
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Source. Prof. Arch. Fabrizio Vescovo, Progetto pilota per il centro storico
services
Religious building
Public offices
Cultural buildings
Health services
Commercial roads
Universal Design and urban environment
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Source. Prof. Arch. Fabrizio Vescovo, Progetto pilota per il centro storico
Universal Design and urban environment
Architectural heritage
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Source. Prof. Arch. Fabrizio Vescovo, Progetto pilota per il centro storico
Universal Design and urban environment
ROADS
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Universal Design and urban environmentPROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
• Obstacles and protruding elements in the path of travel
• Low overhanging signs• Lack of warning signs around
obstructions• Sidewalk narrow• Rubbish skips• Car parking• disconnected road is cause of danger• Absence of blind guide• Communication at bus-stop• Sidewalk• Paving of the road improve the sound of
the traffic• Car/motorbyke parking• Low level of communication
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Theoretical and technical Suggestion
Universal Design and urban environment
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Reinforcement of
Nodes
Connections
Hierarchy
Goal
Universal Design and urban environment
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Primary ways
Secondary roads
Main nodes
Secondary nodes
Universal Design and urban environment
Services
Reserved parking
Informational points
Electric cars or scooters
Electric busses
Blind guide
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Obstructions• include street furniture, traffic
signs, direction signs, street plans, bollards, plants, trees, shop awnings and advertising signs, etc.
• should be placed outside the path of travel wherever possible.
• in the pathway should be easy to detect, and if possible, should be placed along one continuous line
• The minimum width of a clear unobstructed path should be 0.90 m
Universal Design and urban environment
Overhanging signs in accessible pathways should be mounted at a minimum clear height of 2.00m to allow a sightless person to pass safely
Overhanging vegetation should be clipped to a minimum clear height of 2.00 m
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PATHWAYS
PLANNING PRINCIPLETo provide clear, obstruction-free, level and wide pathways for the convenience of all users
PROBLEMUneven curbs with obstacles and holes. Inconvenient or dangerous interruptions in the path of travel. Insufficient width. Changes in level.
CONSIDERATIONSStreet pavements, pedestrian passages in open spaces and recreational areas, pedestrian underpasses and overpasses are all considered pathways or ramps. …
Universal Design and urban environment
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Universal Design and urban environmentQuestions (check-list)
Is the pathway clear of obstructions?
Is the path of travel free of steps or stairs?
Is the path of travel easy to detect?
Is the pathway at least 0.90 m wide?
Is the surface, level, smooth and non-slip?
Does the pathway have a different colour and texture than the adjacent surfaces?
Are manholes placed outside the pedestrian path of travel?
Is grating flush with the surface of the pathway?
Are the grating openings narrow, not more than 13 mm?
Are the edges of raised pathways protected?
Are the plant varieties used obstructive to the pathway?
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PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS
PRINCIPLETo facilitate the safe and independent crossing of all people.
PROBLEMUneven road surface. Lack of guide strips. Lack of warning marking for crossings. Gratings on the road surface.
CONSIDERATIONSPedestrian crossings should be equipped with traffic control signalsLow-traffic crossings frequently used by disabled people can be controlled by a
pedestrian push-button systemConstructing traffic islands to reduce the length of the crossing is
recommended for the safety of all road usersThe road surface should be firm, well-drained, non-slip and free of construction
joints
Universal Design and urban environment
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Pedestrians should have priority to the road trafficIt is important to force the drivers to reduce their speed. This can be achieved in different ways:• Traffic islands to reduce the length of the crossing for pedestrians and the width of the road crossed• The road surface at pedestrian crossings can be raised to the same level as the pathway• Speed control measures: speed humps or chicanes just before the pedestrian crossings
Universal Design and urban environment
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Guide strips
Guide strips should be constructed to indicate the position of pedestrian crossings for the benefit of sightless pedestrians
A guide strip should lead to pedestrian light poles with push buttons for the benefit of the visually disabled.
Universal Design and urban environment
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Traffic island
Light, ..
Universal Design and urban environment
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STREET FURNITURE
PLANNING PRINCIPLETo design accessible amenities convenient to all people, without obstructing the free passage of pedestrians along travel routes.
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATIONLack of or improper design of street furniture. Obstructed pathways. Inaccessible street facilities.
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONSstreet furniture includes bus stops, mail boxes, lampposts, signboards, telephone booths, public toilets, newspaper kiosks, planting tubs, garbage bins, etc.
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Park benches
Universal Design and urban environment
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Adoption of ischial sittings
Source. Arch. Fabrizio Vescovo
Optimal distance between park benches
Universal Design and urban environment
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Universal Design and urban environment
PARKING
For outdoor parking, accessible parking spaces should be located not more than 50 m from accessible building entrances.
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Universal Design and urban environment
Inaccessible building entrances due to difference between indoor and outdoor levels. Inaccessible routes due to differences in level.
RAMPS
The maximum recommended slope of ramps is 1:20. Steeper slopes may be allowed in special cases depending on the length to be covered
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Universal Design and urban environment
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BEST PRACTICES
Universal Design and urban environment
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Realization of “informational modules” or tactile maps in tube station, bus stop, public buildings, etc.
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Handrail. tactile maps in tube station, bus stop, public building, etc.
Universal Design and urban environment
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Train platform
Universal Design and urban environment
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PILOT LIGHT - miniradar
Universal Design and urban environment
Con il PILOT-LIGHT il non-vedente potrà:- conoscere i colori dei semafori (tutti e tre) - conoscere il numero di linea e l'eventuale direzione dei mezzi pubblici (es. autobus numero 5 diretto alla stazione) - trovare le cabine telefoniche , sapere se sono libere od occupate - "leggere" i tabelloni-orari-partenze dei treni o degli aerei- trovare i binari di partenza, posti di polizia, biglietterie, bar, toilette, deposito bagagli, taxi, eccetera.- visitare i musei, individuare le opere esposte ed averne la descrizione - servirsi del Bancomat ed essere pilotato nelle varie fasi - andare a teatro ed avere la descrizione delle scene - , si sono attrezzate banche, farmacie e la stazione ferroviaria. ….
Blind people can:-Cross the main street because the system is connected with the traffic light-- which bus go to the main station - “read” the time table, know the platform, the police station, ticket point, left luggage office, bar, toilette…- go to theater and have a description of the scenes
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MUSEUM
Universal Design and urban environment
Uffizi quattro capolavori in rilievo per i non vedenti'Ritratto del Duca di Urbino' di Piero della Francesca, del 'Ritratto di giovane con medaglia' di Botticelli, del 'Ritratto di Cosimo il Vecchio' del Pontormo e della splendida 'Madonna del cardellino' di Raffaello
Museo Tattile Statale OmeroTouching art
Touch faces, bodies, gestures, expressions, discover volumes and perspective with your own hands.The Museo Tattile Statale Omero was created to fill this gap in the range of cultural services for the non-sighted, and also to offer an innovative space where artistic perception passes through multi-sense, and not just visual, stimuli.
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Tiber island
Accessibility is guaranteed by lift supported by people that help disable people
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Universal Design and urban environment
Coliseum
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Universal Design and urban environment
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Universal Design and urban environment
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Universal Design and urban environment
Musei Capitolini
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Universal Design and urban environment
Musei Capitolini
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Universal Design and urban environment
Musei Capitolini
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Universal Design and urban environment
Villa d’Este (Tivoli, Rome)
Terraced garden
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Universal Design and urban environment
Villa d’Este (Tivoli, Rome)
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Universal Design and urban environment
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PALATINO FORUM -ARCHEOLOGICAL AREA
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PALATINO FORUM
ARCHEOLOGICAL AREA
Universal Design and urban environment
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Universal Design and urban environment
Foro di Traiano
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OUR CHALLENGES AS ARCHITECT
changing paradigmethical issueUD as creative challenge
Social inclusionDemographic Change in Europe, the most significant
impact will be the ageing population in Europe. By 2050 34.5 % will be over the age of 60 years old.
Economic Impacts and OpportunitiesPreserve an make accessible the historical heritage
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Universal Design and urban environment
![Page 68: Universal Design and urban environment, by Antonio Caperna PhD](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042512/54c798cc4a7959e67a8b45d3/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
ciao