Prof. Hugo Yoshizaki
Universidade de São Paulo
Background: São Paulo City
Source:GoogleMaps, IBGE
12 million p
1,523 km2
7.5 MM 4-wheel
1.5 MM 2-wheel
Solution: truck bans!
2007 25 km2
1998 12 km2
1993 11 km2
1988 11 km2
1986 4 km2
2008 100 km2
Nos dias úteis das 6 às 21h
Nos sábados das 8 às 14h
Nos dias úteis das 10 às 20h
Nos sábados das 10 às 14h
De 2ª a 6ª das 9h às 19h
Aos sábados das 9h às 13h
De 2ª a 6ª das 5 às 21h
Aos sábados das 10 às 14h
LOSADA, CET 2013
• Zona Máxima de Restrição de Carga
• Mon – Fri : 5am. to 09pm.
• Sat: from 10am. to 02.pm
• Bigger than: • Manhattan – 88 km2
• London congestion zone – 21 km2
• Exception: VUCs can circulate anytime!
• VUC: 4 ton (6,30 x 2,20 m)
• Authorities expected deliveries moving to the night
ZMRC (truck ban zone)
Source: CET, 2011.
Source: locatruck.com.br
100 km2
Intention was good, but....
CET-SP 2012
Fonte: CET Demanda
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000 vo
lum
e (
ve
íc/h
)
horas
...don´t let me be misunderstood!
• Congestion still at high levels
• Small truck and van fleet skyrocketed
• Deliveries remained during daytime regular hours
AMBEV 2013
CISLOG 2012
São Paulo OHD Pilot Project (2014-2015)
• Inspired in the New York’s Off-Hour Delivery (OHD) pilot
• Complete report at:
http://www.antp.org.br/biblioteca-vitrine/cadernos-tecnicos.html
• Webinar 13 at the VREF SUFS website:
//coe-sufs.org/wordpress/peer-to-peer-exchange-program/
Pilot timeline • 2013
• January: new Mayor
• July: Workshop CISLOG/USP VREF/SUFS
• October: Event SETCESP, 200 carriers.
• 2014 • February: study group SMT, SETCESP, IDV,CISLOG/USP
• May: to go decision by the Secretary of Transport
• August: project presentation to prospect companies • 100+ attendees
• 15 volunteer companies in 3 waves
• October: first wave (street stores)
• December: second wave (shopping malls)
• 2015 • March: third wave (big street stores, etc)
• May: results seminar with Mayor
• August: Urban Freight Division created
The pilot project in São Paulo
• Evaluate night deliveries as a freight policy
• Main concerns • Safety (people, cargo, property) • Noise • Productivity and costs
• Pilot test area: mixed land use
• 11 volunteer companies (mostly big retailers)
• No cash incentives • 45 establishments (stores) • Extensive use of GPS data for evaluation • 60+ route shadowings
11 km2
Pilot area and partner companies
SAFETY
People and operation safety were top priority for all participants
• Facts: no occurrences during the pilot (official data from SP Police)
• Night patrol routes included participant stores.
• Two companies used armed escorts.
• Differences between different receivers and supply chains
• Big stores, shopping malls x Small street stores
• High risk x lower risk cargoes
Source: Google Maps 2015 Source: CISLOG 2015
Risks are segmented
by supply chain
NOISE: There is at least one solution for every source of noise
Measuring and evaluating noise was fundamental
• Fact: no complaints during the pilot (official data SP Prefecture Noise Task Force)
• No complaints does not mean no problems.
• Differences between operations and supply chains
• Covered delivery points x Street stores
• Light x Heavy freight
Source: CISLOG 2015
Noise should be
treated individually
Noise (dBA)
55,1
81,2
45,2
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
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85
90
21
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:52
22
:01
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:12
Ruído (dBA) Média Máximo Mínimo
Example of noise profile
Bus Other truck passing in
the street SUV acellerating
Productivity and costs
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Speeds by hour of day - October/2014 km/h
Velocidades Vetoriais Marginais Km/h ZMRC Mediana Km/h
3 x faster
2 x faster
Fonte: CISLOG 2015
Speed (calculated) – Day vs. Night
DAY: from 05 am. To 09h59 pm.
Speed (calculated) – Day vs. Night
NIGHT : 10 pm. to 04h59 am.
OTHER ASPECTS
• Store staff. • Availability of public transportation at night.
• 69 % prefer to receive merchandise at night.
• 65% stated that trucks are more punctual at night.
• 73% stated that it is easier to confer and organize merchandise at night.
• Drivers. • 70% prefer driving at night.
• Safety is an issue.
• Less stressed at night: scale from 1 (less) to 5 (very much): • 1,27 (night) vs 3,17 (day).
Results and aftermath
• Pilot was a huge success: • Safety and noise: no ocurrences
• Productivity: higher speeds and smaller delivery times at night.
• Cost trade offs: better for integrated supply chains.
• Mayor: • “Freight should be treated as public transportation, both deal with the city
economic lifeblood.”
• Implementation phase: • Starting in 2016: 19 companies, steady growth (all volunteers, no cash
incentives).
Important lessons
• Public sector has a central role: • Regulation
• Incentives
• Academia as mediator/technical support • Specially in Latin America
• Necessity to consider all major stakeholders:collaboration • Shippers/Manufacturers
• Carriers/Logistics service providers
• Receivers (consumers and companies)
• Government
• There is no one size fits all • Each supply chain is different, there is no single, general action
• There is a limit for volunteer participation
Muchas gracias!