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How EnergyHow Energy--Saving Compac t Fluoresc ent Lamps (CFLs)Saving Compac t Fluoresc ent Lamps (CFLs)
Can Help Asia Address Climate ChangeCan Help Asia Address Climate Change
, ,, ,My Ton, Regiona l CFL ExpertMy Ton, Regiona l CFL Expert
ECOECO--Asia Clean Deve lopment and Climate Prog ramAsia Clean Deve lopment and Climate Prog ram
Presente at t e reg ona wor s op:Presente at t e reg ona wor s op:
Confidenc e in Quality: Eliminating Shod dyConfidenc e in Quality: Eliminating Shod dyCFL Prod uc ts within ASEAN CountriesCFL Prod uc ts within ASEAN Countries
1a
Bangkok, ThailandBangkok, Thailand2525--26 Oc tober 200726 Oc tober 2007
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. .
to offsetemissions o
officials fl in to
international
meetings
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Problem Statement mes
Regional Analysis of CFLPrograms and Markets
ofNewYorkTi
The Issue of CFL Quality CFL Regulations and the Cost
Courtesy
of Compliance
Findings andRecommendations
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Overview Regulations Pertaining to CFLs on a Global Scale
Status Countries Details
Legislation
Implemented
Portugal Regulatory "carbon-tax" published in June 07, implementation in Sept 07. Regulation affects almost
all GLS and halogen lamps. Models show the tax will be roughly 1 per lamp.Enacted Ban of Sin le-Coil GLS lam s
LegislationActivelyPrepared
Austria Taxation concept not supported by industry, promotional activities instead
UK No legislation but agreement with retailers & producers to phase-out CLAS A GLS until 2011 +develop a Business discussion with a focus first on CLAS A
Switzerland Discussion with government about ban of Energy Label F&G
Australia Proposal made by Australian Lighting Association to ban lamps >20 lumens/watt starting Oct 2008
Venezuela Ban of all GLS lamps in 2006 (draft) : stopped but expected short-term
~ . -
Thailand Announcement that Asia Lamp and LKS will revert to CFLi production. Phase-out of GLS starting in2008.
Ireland Government announced purchasing limitation for public bodies and potential taxation on GLS
USA California stepwise transition of all general purpose and directional lighting to high efficiency lightsources by 2017 - Ban GLS after 2011
Other states: Bills to either prohibit the sale of incandescents or study possibility of prohibiting sales:10 States
, ,as sole contact group for Congress.
Canada Performance standards expected, not ban
Source: OSRAM, June 2007
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The ur enc of climate chan e combined with oliticalcommitments worldwide to phase out incandescentlamps have the makings of massive policy failure:
If a global quality assurance scheme for compactfluorescent lamps (CFLs) is not put in place soon,consumer confidence in CFLs will plummet.
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Markets
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Funded by the USAID ECO-Asia Clean
Covered China, India, Indonesia, Philippines,Thailand, and Vietnam (96% of GDP ofdevelo in Asia
Analysis covered: CFL quality
Certification procedures Mandatory and voluntary compliance
. Build on earlier work and reports (such as
Australian CFL benchmarking report)
harmonizing and rationalizing CFL programs andregulation in Asia
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12Estimated Global CFL Sales and Chinese Production
3000
2000
2500
fCFLs
Post-1997 sales
Sales
Estimatin 500
1000
1500
Numbero
Chinese production(CALI data)
Global CFL sales
Market Size 01990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Source: IAEEL for pre-1997 data; CALI and ECO-Asia estimates for post-2007
Annual Volume (in million units)
Summary of Regional CFL Product ion and Sales
Country 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
China 750 800 1,040 1,380 1,760 2,400
India NA 34 40 46 70 100
Indonesia 10 40 50 60 70 90
Philippines 4.5 NA NA 18 25 NA
Source: Australian Green House Office Reports 2006, and ECO-Asia 2007
Vietnam NA NA 5.4 7 8.4 11
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Countryu
Manufacturers in 2006
China 150
India 8
Indonesia 11
Philippines 0
a an
Vietnam 7
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Pressure to lower production costs in order to sell CFLs intos an mar ets
Race to the Bottom in terms of CFL product performance formany market segments
Lack of commonly used and agreed uponinternationalstandards for testing and performance
If CFLs do not exceed erformance of incandescents ossibilitof consumer backlash (i.e. U.S. in early 90s)
, -faster, or gives off less light, than advertised, or than prescribedby national standards and guidelines.
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Breakdown of Quality Market Segments for Self-Ballasted CFLs
Market category Description of market category
High quality Well-known name brands, such as OSRAM, Philips,
National/Panasonic, GE, etc.n erna ona e - nown
brands 6,000 hour lifetime Evidence of testing and/or quality registration
High quality Not well-known name brands
National/Not-well knownbrands
, our e me Evidence of testing and/or quality registration
Not well-known name brandsPoor quality , o , our e me
Little or no evidence of testing
Not well-known name brands
Very poor quality,
Little or no evidence of testing and/or quality registration Typically US$1 or less in the market
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Different CFL Quality Levels
Country High Quality Well-known brands (%)
High Quality Not well-known brands (%)
Poor & Very PoorQuality (%)
China 15 30 55India NA NA 40
Philippines 68 32
Thailand 70 15 15
Vietnam 17 44 39
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CFL Price Trends:A Race to the Bottom?
1.8
1.4
1.6
/lamp) Philippines
1
1.2
nitvalue(US$
AustraliaNew Zealand
0.6
0.8
Averageu
Indonesia
0.4
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Year
Source: Australian Greenhouse Office, 2006
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Requirements
CFL Test Protocol Basic Safety Minimum Energy Energy
Standard
Standard
China 9mandatory
9
mandatory9a 9
Voluntary
Indiab 9
voluntaryb9
voluntaryb Xb 9
voluntaryb
Indonesia Xc 9 X 9mandatory voluntaryc
Philippines 9mandatory
9
mandatory9
mandatory9
mandatory
a anvoluntary mandatory mandatory voluntary
Vietnam X X 9voluntar
X
a. Multi-tiered with voluntary and mandatory elements.b. Indian standards are expected to become mandatory in 2007c. Standards under consideration
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4 mandator labellin ro rams for CFLs
24 voluntary labelling programs for CFLs
13 mandator Minimum Ener Performance
Standards (MEPS), with 1 under consideration.
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Comparison: Efficacy RequirementsCALI 1
70
80
CNISMEPS
High-
50
60
ents(lm/W)
Vietnam
ELIMEPS
Efficiency
30
40
icacyRequire
CECP
Energy Star
High-Efficiency
levels
10
20Ef
Energy Star (4)
Proposed
CALI 2
5 to
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Comparison of Minimum Efficiency Standards forCFLs, Showing the Different Size Categories in Use
Category(W)
MinimumEfficacy
(l/W)
Category(W)
MinimumEfficacy
(l/W)
Category(W)
MinimumEfficacy
(l/W)
Category(W)
MinimumEfficacy
(l/W)
Category(W)
MinimumEfficacy
(l/W)
- - -. .
8-15 50 9-14 44-48 7 50 10-15W
48.0 9 - 14 45
15-23 55 15-24 51-55 9 55 15-20W
58.0 15 - 24 55
- - . -
18 60.5
26 61.5
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Measured Lifetime vs. Lumen Maintenance forPhilippines CFLs
90
95
hrs)
ran ran ran
75
80
85
ce(%a
t2,000
60
65
70
en
Maintenan
35% of models tested did not pass the
80% lumen maintenance test
50
55
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000
Lum
Measured Lifetime (hrs)
Source: Philippines Department of Energy
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How Test Results can be Used to Highlight High-Performing Products (from New Zealand)
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Summary of Survey on Manufacturer Testing andCompliance Costs
Economy Estimated Compliance Costs per SupplierApproximate Annual Costs Costs as % of Production
Costs
Australia USD$3,000-5,000 Up to 1%
China
USD 20,000-50,000 (domestic) 0.2-11.2%
USD$50,000-150,000 (export) 0.2-4.4%
USD$30,000-60,000 (domestic) Up to 1%
USD$25,000-60,000 (import) Up to 1%
IndonesiaInitial: USD$9,000 and USD$2,000 Not available
Annual: USD$3,500 and USD$600 Not available
PhilippinesUSD$10,000-$92,000 (domestic) 1.2-2.0%
USD$25,000 (export) Not available
US$ 20 000 domestic Not availableVietnam
US$ 30,000-$50,000 (import) Not available
Source: Australian Greenhouse Office 2006
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1. Ra id rowth in CFL roduction ca acit Shortage of materials, quality concerns
2. Proliferation of CFL promotional programs
3. Proliferation of CFL standards and specifications No common quality standards (testing, performance)
4. Little/no publicly available test data on CFL quality
5. No price signal for high-quality CFLs Lack of regionally recognized quality threshold
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Private Sector to Develop a Common Approach
International CFL Harmonization Initiative (CFLI) Test protocol, performance tiers, compliance
Global lighting initiative to assist in GLS phase-out BRESL regional program
c en g ng n a ve Only international CFL quality certification scheme
International Energy Agency High-level policy dialogue, analysis
USAID ECO-Asia Clean Development and Climate Enhance re ional information-sharin romote re ional a reements
(harmonization), encourage national initiatives
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1. Recognize that sub-standard CFLs are a serious policy problem
2. Develop regional agreement on a common test procedure
3. Develop common performance quality standards for the region
4. Adopt the ELI scheme as regional quality certification level5. Develop a framework for standards and labelling of CFLs
6. Increase public awareness about CFL quality
7. Seek funding for testing and compliance8. Seek technical assistance in improving CFL manufacture.
9. Provide exchange of information and technical experts
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Summary of Priority Actions to Improve CFL Quality
CFL Stakeholder
Natl
Govts
Regional
Govts
Funding
Agencies
Test
Labs
Suppliers NGOs
1. Recognize that sub-standardCFLs are a serious policy problem z
| | | |
2. Develop regional agreement on acommon test rocedure z z
| | |
3. Develop common performancequality standards for the region z z | | | |
4. Adopt the ELI scheme as regionalz z | | | |
5. Develop a framework forstandards and labelling of CFLs z z
| | | |
6. Increase public awareness about z | | | zqua y
7. Seek funding for testing andcompliance
| | z |
8. Seek technical assistance inimproving CFL manufacture.
9. Provide exchange of informationand technical experts
| | z
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Thank youThank you