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Use of conjoint analysis to
assess HIV vaccine acceptability
in three populations:
An innovation in the assessment of consumer healthcare preferences
(Project VIBE)
Sung-Jae Lee, Ph.D., Peter A. Newman, Ph.D., William E. Cunningham, MD, M.P.H.,
Danielle Seiden, M.P.P., Naihua Duan, Ph.D.
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• Background Assessing HIV Vaccine Acceptability
• Methodology Conjoint Analysis
• Results Three Samples
• Conclusions Application in HIV Vaccine Acceptability
Outline
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BACKGROUND
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What will happen when HIV vaccines become
publicly available?
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“If we build it, they will come!”
…but will they???
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Sub-optimal Uptake of Existing Vaccines
• Non-institutionalized U.S. adults 18 – 64 yrs 23% – 47% influenza vaccine 20% – 58% pneumococcal vaccine Lower coverage rates – African
Americans, Latinos, low SES
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HIV vaccine uptake is not guaranteed
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Conjoint Analysis
• Well established research technique to
predict consumer preferences when faced
with a number of products varying across
specific attributes (Green, 1999)
• Extensive use in psychology, marketing,
and economics
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Conjoint Analysis
• Growing application in measuring health
care preferences (Phillips 2002, 2006),
ranging from microbicide use (Holt, 2006)
and anti-inflammatory drugs (Fraenkel,
2004) to hearing aids (Meister, 2002)
and glaucoma treatment (Bhargava, 2006)
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Objective
• Conjoint Analysis
To test the feasibility of conjoint analysis application to measure HIV vaccine acceptability among three diverse communities in Los Angeles, California and Toronto, Canada.
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METHODS
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Participants
• Multi-ethnic communities in Los Angeles, California At risk communities; Individual interviews;
n=143
• Thai Residents in Los Angeles, California Three focus groups; n=27
• Aboriginal Canadians, Toronto, Canada Two focus groups; n=13
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• Assigning levels of attributes:
Integrating input from focus group results, HIV vaccine experts, published and unpublished literature
Hypothetical HIV vaccine being composed of a bundle of 7 dichotomous attributes
Conjoint Analysis Methods
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HIV Vaccine Attributes
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• Assigning conjoint scenarios:
(27= 128) hypothetical scenarios
Fractional factorial design
8 hypothetical HIV vaccines
• Conjoint analysis in different modalities
Conjoint Analysis Methods
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Rating Hypothetical HIV Vaccines
Rate eight hypothetical HIV vaccinesfrom “Highly likely” to “Highly unlikely”
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Conjoint Scenario Cards
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• Estimate acceptability score for each vaccine by averaging individual vaccine ratings across participants
• One sample t-test to determine impact significance
Conjoint Analysis Methods
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RESULTS
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HIV Vaccine Acceptability
HIV Vaccine Acceptability
Multi-ethnicLos Angeles
sample (n=143)
Los AngelesThai communitysample (n=27)
Aboriginal Canadian
sample (n=13)
Acceptability rangeacross eight
vaccines (100-point scale)
33.2 to 82.2 7.4 to 85.2 28.8 to 84.6
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HIV Vaccine Acceptability
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Impact of Vaccine Attributes on HIV Vaccine Acceptability
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CONCLUSIONS
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• Conjoint analysis provided insight into HIV
vaccine acceptability among diverse potential consumers
Vaccine acceptability varied widely across 8 vaccines with different attributes
Efficacy had the greatest impact on acceptability
Attribute impacts varied across three samples
Conclusions
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• We demonstrated successful applications
of conjoint analysis
Individual setting ( with a skilled interviewer)
Group setting (with trained facilitators)
Conclusions
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Marketing & Economics
Biomedical Science
BehavioralScience
Conjoint Analysis
HIV Vaccine Acceptability
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New Initiatives• L.A. VOICES: Post-trial HIV Vaccines:
Receptivity, Risk & Disparities (R01-MH-069087-01A1)
• Sisters, Mothers, Daughters & Aunties: Protecting Black Women against HIV (Canadian Institutes of Health Research)
• HIV Vaccine Acceptability in Thailand (Social Sciences & Humanities Research Council, Canada)
• HIV Vaccine Trial Participation & Community Engagement (Ontario HIV Treatment Network)
VOICESL.A.
VOICESVOICES
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• Duan N. Listening to consumers and HIV vaccine preparedness. Lancet. 2005 Apr;365(9465):1119-21. [See also The Lancet: The trials of tenofovir trials. Lancet. 2005 April;365(9465):1111.)]
• Newman P.A., Duan, N., Lee, S-J., Rudy, E.T., Seiden, D.S., Kakinami, L., Cunningham, W.E. HIV vaccine acceptability among communities at risk: The impact of vaccine characteristics. Vaccine. 2006 Mar 15;24(12):2094-101.
References
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• UCLA AIDS Institute Seed Grant (CC99-LA-002)
• UCLA AIDS Institute and Palotta Teamworks AIDS Vaccine Rides
• Center for HIV Identification Prevention and Treatment Services (P30 MH 58107)
• Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Institutional Grant (Canada)
Supported By
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Acknowledgements
• Thanks to Peter Anton, Lauren Arguelles, Phil Batterham, Ned Bayrd, Omar Banos, Ron Brooks, Coleen Cantwell, Suzi Cantwell, Mark Etzel, Kathie Ferbas, Neil Gajasan, Sonia Johnson, Ella Kelly, Faith Landsman, Kathy Mattes, Irma Ocegueda, Rowell Ramos, Fen Rhodes, Mary Jane Rotheram, Rassamee Sangthong, Dallas Swendeman, Julian Wang, Michael Woodford, Shin-Yi Wu, Paul Xue
• Special thanks to all participants, study sites & key informants without whom this research would not have been possible.
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For more information, please contact:Sung-Jae Lee, Ph.D.Semel Institute Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLACenter for Community [email protected]
Naihua Duan, Ph.D.Semel Institute Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLAHealth Service Research [email protected]
Peter Newman, Ph.D.University of Toronto Faculty of Social Work 246 Bloor Street West Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1 [email protected]