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Use of Green Infrastructure to Reduce Stormwater Runoff
Mallory Squier, Pavle Bujanovic, Carli Flynn, and Cliff Davidson Syracuse University and Syracuse Center of Excellence
Syracuse COE Symposium 22 September 2011
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Background• Combined Sewer System (CSS): the same sewer system is used for both
stormwater and domestic wastewater
• Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO): overflow of combined sewage and stormwater
• CSOs can be reduced by “gray infrastructure”• holding tanks, regional treatment facilities, enlarged central treatment
plants
• Gray infrastructure is brute force approach
• Green infrastructure (GI) technologies used for stormwater management are designed to protect or restore the natural hydrology of a site
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Onondaga Lake• Large proportion of the source water for Onondaga Lake (up to
20%) comes directly from METRO outflows• CSOs are a major contributor of bacteria, floating trash, organic
material, solids and grit to the lake and its tributaries.Onondaga County• 8 CSO sewersheds• Precipitation “trigger” events as small as 0.10-0.15 in/hr
Onondaga Lake , Onondaga Lake Partnership. CSO point , CNY Regional Planning & Development Board.
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GI in Onondaga County
Factors allowing for rapid adoption of green infrastructure technologies:
• Shift in local and national mindset• Support of all regulating parties • Support of community advocates • Economic opportunities • Reasonably small metropolitan area
April 2011 Syracuse was named one of 10 partner communities by the EPA in their new strategic green infrastructure agenda.
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The green roof
• Vegetated roof• Benefits: – environmental – economic– aesthetic
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Green roof: typical structure
Comparison of Typical Conventional vs. Green Roof Construction. Liu, 2003.
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Green roof: types
• Extensive– Shallow substrate– Low maintenance– Limited plant variety
• Intensive– Deep substrate– Heavier weight load
Extensive green roof. City of Windsor, 2009.
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OnCenter green roof
• 60,000 square feet• Designed to retain 1
million gallons stormwater annually
Google Earth. September 2011.
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OnCenter green roof
• Extensive– 3 inches growth medium
• Plants– Sedum album– Sedum sexangulare– Sedum rupestre– Sedum spurium– Sedum floriferum– Phedimus taksimense
Emory Knoll Farms. 2011. www.greenroofplants.com
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Research goals
• Water mass balance over roof– quantify stormwater captured and delay – measure precipitation– measure growing medium water content
• Temperature gradient through roof
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Water Mass Balance
Adapted from Liu, 2003.
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Syracuse 2010 precipitation
0.01 >0.01-0.049
0.05-0.09
0.1-0.19
0.2-0.29
0.3-0.39
0.4-0.49
>=0.5-1.38777878078145E-16
0.0399999999999999
0.0799999999999999
0.12
0.16
0.2
Rainfall rate, in/hr
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OnCenter drain location
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Temperature gradient
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OnCenter temperature sensors
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Future work
• Water chemistry study– growing medium leachate
• Website– Real-time monitoring– Accessible to public and schools
• Joint project with SU School of Education
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Special thanks
• Matt Millea, Onondaga County • Han Pham & Archie Wixson, Facilities
Management• Matt Marko, CH2M Hill• Khris Dodson, Syracuse COE• Faculty at Syracuse University and SUNY-ESF