Transcript

Use of Indigofera zollingeriana as Forage Protein Source in Dairy Goat Ration

L. Abdullah, D. Apriastuti & T. Apdini

Bogor Agricultural University

Indonesia

Introduction

– High price on-farm US $ 2,55-3,06 per liter

– Feed cost-milk price ratio = 1 : 3-4

– Increase farmer income (Rp. 4.215.000/month for 5 lactating does)

– Increase national goat milk population 11.2% within 2005-2007 (DGLAH statistic, 2008)

Economical prospect of dairy goat business in Indonesia

Significant Problem in Dairy Goat Production System

– Milk production still low only 45-73% of genetik potential (average 1.5-1.8 L/day/head)

– Low quality of feed at farmer level

• Based on non perishable local forage (easy to be rot, bulky, difficult to transport)

• Forage protein supply (<7-11%) to low for dairy goat

– Concentrate cost increase high import feed stuffs (for protein source)

Strategic Approach

– Increase supply and use of high quality forage (legume) like Indigofera

– Improve utility value of high quality forage

– Business/industry development for high quality forage, based on local species

High forage production Easy to grow High reproductive High quality forage Drought stress tolerant Improve soil P and N

Indigofera zollingeriana

Nutrition Value of Indigofera Leaf

• Water content: 10-12%

• Crude protein : 27-31%

• Crude fat : 2,9-3,4%

• Crude fiber : 13-14%

• NDF : 47-61%

• ADF : 21-39%

• Cellulose : 11-16%

• Lignin : 10-24%

• Essential amino acid

• TDN : 75%-78%

• IV-DM digestibility : 78-80%

• IV-Protein digestibility : 86,32%

• Condensed Tannin 0,027%

• Saponin : 2,24%

• Ca : 1.78%

• P : 0.34%

• K : 1.42%

• Mg : 0.51%

Indigofera Plantation Model

Foliar fertilizer preparation : mixed with goat urine (1.25L) and mineral nutrient solution (8.75L)

Forage harvesting, let the trunk height 1 m for regrowing

Indigofera forage production

Parameters Foliar fertilizer application (g/10L)

0 10 20 30 40 50

Forage production (ton

DW/ha/year) 38.6c 43.0 49.8a 51.6a 43.4b 44.4b

Percentage of leaf shoots (%) 16.9b 13.1c 19.3a 20.9a 14.8bc 16.3b

Leaf-stem ratio 2.38b 2.68ab 2.75a 2.93a 2.44b 2.38b

Source : Abdullah et al., 2010

Branching dynamics of Indigofera (Abdullah, 2010)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0 2 4 6 8 10

Nu

mb

er

of

acti

ve t

wig

Defoliation (times)

0.75 m 1.00 m 1.50 m

Forage Production Dynamics of Indigofera (Abdullah, 2010)

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

11.0

12.0

0 2 4 6 8 10

Fora

ge p

rod

uct

ion

to

n

(DW

/ha/

har

vest

)

Defoliation (times)

0.75 m

1.00 m

1.50 m

Hay and Pellet making from Indigofera leaf

Indigofera leaf is easy to be dried

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Wat

er

con

ten

t (%

)

Drying time (hour)

70oC 55oC 40oC Mth

Pelleted Product INDIGOFEED

Easy feed serving, conserved quality, ease in distribution, efficient storage

Water content of Indigofera leaf after pelleting

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

3 mm 5 mm 8 mm

Wat

er

con

ten

t (%

)

Pellet diameter

7.5

8

8.5

9

9.5

10

10.5

7 15 30 60

Wat

er

con

ten

t (%

) Storage time (days)

Physical properties of Indigofera leaf pellet

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8

2

0 7 15 30 60

De

nsi

ty (

kg/m

3)

Storage time (days)

1.31

1.31

1.32

1.32

1.33

1.33

1.34

1.34

1.35

3 mm 5 mm 8 mm

De

nsi

ty (

kg/m

3)

Pellet diameter

84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98

100

3 mm 5 mm 8 mm

Du

rab

ility

(%

)

Diameter pelet

92.5 93.0 93.5 94.0 94.5 95.0 95.5 96.0

0 7 15 30 60

Du

rab

ility

(%

)

Diameter pelet

SIMPLE FEEDING TRIAL OF INDIGOFERA

Objectives

• To improve nutrient content of ration at farm level, particularly protein content

• To improve milk production and milk production persistency during a month before dry period

Materials and Method

• 2 groups of does :

– Saanen (third lactation period)

– Etawah cross (2nd lactation period)

• Feeds

– 60% elephant grass + 40% commercial concentrate (CF) daily feed of the farm

– 60% elephant grass + 40% pellet Indigofera leaf (PIF)

• Feeding

– Feeds were given during a month prior end of lactation

Parameters

• Milk production (amonth prior dry period),

• Feed digestibility,

• Feed efficiency and

• Protein use efficiency

Nutrition composition of trial feeds

Feedstuffs CF PIF

Elephant grass (%) 60 60

Commercial concentrate 40 0

Pellet Indigofera 0 40

Total 100% 100%

Dry matter (%) 48.25 48.85

Ash (%) 8.31 7.82

Crude protein (%) 12.76 17.23

Crude fiber (%) 32.01 28.56

Crude fat (%) 2.35 1.91

Non N extract materials 33,94 34,81

TDN 56,98 65,77

Feeding and in vivo experiment

Results

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

CF PIF CF PIF

Saanen Etawah Crossbred

Feed DM digestibility (%)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

CF PIF CF PIF

Saanen Etawah Crossbred

Feed efficiency (%)

CF = 60% elephant grass + 40% commercial concentrate PIF = 60% elephant grass + 40% pellet Indigofera leaf

Results

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

CF PIF CF PIF

Saanen Etawah Crossbred

Feed conversion (kg feed/L milk)

CF = 60% elephant grass + 40% commercial concentrate PIF = 60% elephant grass + 40% pellet Indigofera leaf

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

CF PIF CF PIF

Saanen Etawah Crossbred

Protein use eficiency (%)

Results

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

CF PIF CF PIF

Saanen Etawah Crossbred

Milk production (ml/day) A month prior dry period

CF = 60% elephant grass + 40% commercial concentrate PIF = 60% elephant grass + 40% pellet Indigofera leaf

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

CF PIF CF PIF

Saanen Etawah Crossbred

Feed cost (US $/L milk)

Milk production a moth prior dry period

CF – Etawah cross (k=-0.32)

PIF– Etawah cross (k=3.54)

CF – Saanen (k=-8.57)

PIF– Saanen (k=-2.85)

Conclusions

• Use of Indigofera in dairy goat ration

– Improved nutrition content of does ration

– Improved feed efficiency and

– Reduced feed cost

– Improved milk production and its persistency a month prior to dry period

THANK YOU VERY MUCH

Microbiological observation on Pellet Indigofera at 30 days storage

Ukuran Pelet

(mm) Jenis mikroba Nama Mikrobes

3 Fungi Rhizopus sp.

5 Aspergillus parasiticus

Rhizopus sp.

Mucor sp.

8 Rhizopus sp.

3 Bakteri

Bacillus sp. & Staphylococcus (TPC

5,6x10-5)

5 Bacillus sp. (TPC 4,8 x 10-5)

8

Bacillus sp. (2 species) TPC 3,6 x

10-4)


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