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The Function of VERBALS
Gerunds, Participles and Infinitives
Grade 8
L.8.1.a
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Essential Questions
What is the function of a verbal?
What is the function of a gerund?
What is the function of a participle?
What is the function of an infinitive?
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CCSS.ELA-Literacy.L.8.1.a
Explain the function of verbals (gerunds, participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.
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A verb is an action word. Let’s think of a few
examples.
What is a verb?Quick Review:
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Scream, do, work, eat, challenge,
energize, drink, exercise, turn, be, run, shake, fidget, write,
cook…Excellent!
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So, what is a verbal ?
A verbal is formed from a verb but acts as a different
part of speech.
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Each verbal is often part of a
phrase.
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Remember: A verbal is formed from a verb but acts as a different part of speech.
Let’s take a look at example sentences that have verbs and verbals.
Tip: Locate the verb first. The other verb is often part of the verbal!
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Remember: A verbal is formed from a verb but acts as a different part of speech.
Screaming at the phone, Margo ran into a wall.
verb
VERBALExample 1
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Remember: A verbal is formed from a verb but acts as a different part of speech.
To do the same thing over is just crazy!
verb
VERBALExample 2
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Remember: A verbal is formed from a verb but acts as a different part of speech.
Working diligently, Margo made enough money to buy dinner.
verb
VERBALExample 3
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•Gerunds • Infinitives•Participles
There are three types of verbals:
Could we look at these one at a time… slowly?!?
Great idea!
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#1
Gerund
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.
The gerund uses the ending –ing.
A gerund acts as a noun.
Memory Trick:.
Gerund-ing noun
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Dancing like a ballerina is my goal.
Examples of Gerunds
Memory Trick:.
Gerund-ing
Acts as noun
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Dancing like a ballerina is my goal.
Examples of Gerunds
Memory Trick:.
Gerund-ing noun
verb
Gerund
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Charlene denied eating the cake.
Examples of Gerunds
Memory Trick:.
Gerund-ing noun
verb
Gerund
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Whistling is a hobby enjoyed by Scout.
GERUND:Your Turn
Memory Trick:.
Gerund-ing noun
Locate the verb. Then, locate the gerund.
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Whistling is a hobby enjoyed by Scout.
That’s right!
GERUND verb
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Acting like a sleuth will help you find a gerund.
GERUND:Your Turn
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Acting like a sleuth will help you find a gerund.
Memory Trick:.
Gerund-ing noun
That’s right!
GERUND
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.
The gerund uses the ending –ing.
A gerund acts as a noun.
Memory Trick:.
Gerund-ing noun
GERUND REVIEW:
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#2
Infinitive
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The Infinitive uses the word “to” plus a verb.
The infinitive can act as a noun or an adjectiveNote: The infinitive can also be used as an adverb, but we are not including this rare occurrence in today’s lesson.
Memory Trick:.
2 + Verb = Infinitive
22
22
22
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To blow bubbles during class is a serious form of disrespect.
Examples of Infinitives
Memory Trick:.
2 + Verb = Infinitive
verb
Infinitive
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The person to see is Larry.
Examples of Infinitives
Memory Trick:.
2 + Verb = Infinitive
verb
Infinitive
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To bake a cake is harder than it looks.
Infinitive:Your Turn
Locate the verb. Then, locate the infinitive. Memory Trick:
.
2 + Verb = Infinitive
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To bake a cake is harder than it looks.
That’s right!
Infinitive.
Memory Trick:.
2 + Verb = Infinitive
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I just want to read a book!
Infinitive:Your Turn
Locate the verb. Then, locate the infinitive.
Memory Trick:.
2 + Verb = Infinitive
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I just want to read a book!
Infinitive:Your Turn
Infinitive.
Memory Trick:.
2 + Verb = Infinitive
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INFINITIVE REVIEW:
Memory Trick:.
2 + Verb = Infinitive
The Infinitive uses the word “to” plus a verb.
The infinitive can act as a noun, adjective or adverb.
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#3
ParticipleMemory Trick:
.
Participle
Memory Trick:
Participle/ adjectiveParticijective
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The Participle can use -ing, -en, or –ed.
The infinitive acts as an adjective.
Why didn’t they just call it an adjectiverbal- or Particijective?
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The basket, tattered and broken, was thrown out.
Examples of Participles
Memory Trick:
Particijective
verbParticiple
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Wailing loudly, the girl ran for her life.
Examples of Participles
Memory Trick:
Particijective
verb
Participle
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Frightened and shaking, the tiger cub huddled in a corner.
Participle:Your Turn
Locate the verb. Then, locate the participle. Memory Trick:
Particijective
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Frightened and shaking, the tiger cub huddled in a corner.
That’s right!
Participle.
Memory Trick:
Particijective
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My ankle, broken and bruised, throbbed with pain.
Participle:Your Turn
Locate the verb. Then, locate the participle. Memory Trick:
Particijective
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My ankle, broken and bruised, throbbed with pain.
That’s right!
Participle.
Memory Trick:
Particijective
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Let’s review!
What is a gerund? What is an infinitive? What is a participle?
What is a verbal?
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• Verbal- a word that combines characteristics of a verb with those of a noun or adjective
• Gerund- a verbal noun that expresses an incomplete action
• Infinitive- a verbal that is used with to, and performs some functions of a noun or an adjective
• Participle- a verbal form used as an adjective
Vocabulary Review:
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Activity 1
Cut apart the sentences. Decide what verbal is used in the sample sentences. Match the sentence to the correct verbal by placing it directly on your graphic organizer.
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Clues
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Gerald Und Is Now Going to use “ing” as a noun.
The Gerund CLUE:
Oh! Gerald Und’s nickname is
“Gerund.” Cool.
And the word “is now going” starts
with the letters I, N, and G! I get it!
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2 + verb = infinity
The Infinitive CLUE:
Oh! The number 2
stands for “to”!And the word
“infinity” represents “Infinitive.” I get it!
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That party needs an
adjective ending in –ing, -ed or –en!
The Participle CLUE:
Oh! The word
“party” is short for participle!
And the rest of the sentence describes a
participle. I get it!
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Activity 2Create sentences using the three different verbals. To CHALLENGE yourself, create all sentences using the same topic.
Example Topic: RobberyGERUND: Robbing a house is NOT worth going to jail!PARTICIPLE: Kicking and screaming, the burglar was hauled to the station.INFINITIVE: I was trying to prevent the robbery!
Topic Ideas: passing a class, state fair, vegetables, sitcoms, technology, poetry,bathtubs, gophers, trains, New York, lacrosse, turtles, peanuts, flu
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One parting thought…
A Portmanteau is word made up of 2 words blended.
Amtrak= American + track Mimsy= flimsy + miserableBrunch= breakfast + lunch Spork = spoon + forkBrangelina = Brad + Angelina Blog = web + log
SO…
Could verbal actually be a Portmanteau?VERBAL = Verb + Ordeal ???
???
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