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Vertebral Column
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Vertebral Column
• Part of the axial skeleton• Consists of 26 irregular bones
• 24 vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx• Vertebral column divisions
– Cervical C !C"
– #horacic # !# 2 – $umbar $ !$% – &acrum & !&%'fused(
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&)inal curvatures
• Cervical and lumbar curves are secondarycurves
•*evelo) after birth• #horacic and sacral curves are )rimarycurves
• +))ear during fetal develo)ment• verall curve of the s)ine is & sha)ed
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Vertebral +natomy
• +ll vertebrae have a common structural )lan• &tructural features are-
– Vertebral body
– Vertebral arch – Vertebral foramen – Pedicles – $amina – +rticular )rocesses, su)erior and inferior – &)inous )rocess
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Cervical Vertebrae
• C !C"• &mallest vertebrae• &mall vertebral body
• #riangular sha)ed vertebral foramen• &mall s)inous )rocess that is usually notched at
the end – bifid )rocess• +$$ cervical vertebrae have a transverse
foramen• C is called the +#$+&• C2 is called the +./&
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C ! +#$+&
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C2 ! +./&
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C !C2 +rticulation
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#horacic Vertebrae
• # !# 2• $arger vertebral body
• val vertebral foramen• &)inous )rocess )ro0ects )osterocaudally• # !#1 vertebrae have su)erior and inferior
costal facets for rib articulation• # !# have transverse costal facets for
articulation of tubercles of the ribs
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$umbar Vertebrae
• $ !$%• $argest vertebrae• $arge body• 3o articular facets on the body or
transverse )rocesses• #riangular vertebral foramen• &hort, flat s)inous )rocess• eight bearing vertebrae
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#horacic Cage
• Consists of the – #horacic vertebrae – 8ibs, 2 )air – &ternum – 8ibs !" are true ribs, vertebrosternal – 8ibs 1! 2 are false ribs, vertebrochondrial, do
not attach directly to the sternum – 8ibs ! 2 are called floating ribs, 3
connection to sternum
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8ib articulation to thoracicvertebrae
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5eatures of a ty)ical rib
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&ternum
• 5lat bone that forms the midline of thethoracic 9all
• #hree com)onents – 7anubrium – articulates 9ith the clavicles and
costal cartilages of 8 – 7anubrium has the 0ugular notch on the
su)erior surface – :ody of sternum, articulation of ribs 2!" – .i)hoid )rocess
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