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Vestibulocochlear Organ ---- 前庭蜗器
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The Vestibulocochlear Organ 前庭蜗器
Parts: external ear 外耳 middle ear 中耳 internal ear 内耳:
Conduct the sound wave 。
Contains the receptors of auditory and vestibular organs
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External ear
The external ear consists of
auricle 耳廓 ,external acoustic meatus 外耳道 tympanic membrane 鼓膜 .
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External ear
1. Auricle 耳廓 Helix 耳轮Antihelix 对耳轮crura of antihelix 对耳轮脚triangular fossa 三角窝Scapha 耳舟auricular concha 耳甲 externalacoustic pore 外耳门Tragus 耳屏,Antitragus 对耳屏auricular lobule 耳垂
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2. external acoustic meatus 外耳道 :
bony part 骨部: medial 2/3
cartilaginous part 软骨部: lateral 1/3
External ear
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External ear
3. tympanic membrane 鼓膜 :
Flaccid part 松弛部 : upper 1/4
Tense part 紧张部 : lower 3/4
Umbo of tympanic membrance
Cone of light 光锥
鼓膜脐
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Consists of three parts Tympanic cavity 鼓室 Auditory tube 咽鼓管 Mastoid antrum 乳突窦 and mastoid cells 乳突小房
Middle ear 中耳
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Position: An irregular air-filled cavity locates within the temporal bone, and lies between the tympanic membrane and the lateral wall of the inner ear 内耳 .
• It contains the auditory ossicles 听小骨 , ligaments, muscles, vessels and nerves.
Tympanic cavity 鼓室
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Middle ear 中耳 Boundaries:
(1) Roof or tegmental wall 鼓室盖 :
(2) inferior wall or jugular wall 颈静脉壁 : separates the cavity from superior bulb of internal jugular v.
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(3) Anterior wall or carotid wall 颈动脉壁 :
Upper opening for tensor tympani m.
lower opening for auditory tube 咽鼓管鼓室口(4) Posterior wall or mastoid wall 乳突壁 :
Aditus of mastoid antrum: 乳突窦的入口; Pyramidal eminence 锥隆起: 内藏镫骨肌 .
Tympanic cavity 鼓室
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(5) lateral wall or membranous wall 鼓膜壁 :is formed by
tympanic membrane
epitympanic recess 鼓室上隐窝
Middle ear
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(6) Medial wall or labyrinthine wall 迷路壁 : promontory 岬 Fenestra vestibuli 前庭窗 Fenestra cochleae 蜗窗 : covered by secondary tympanic membrane
第二鼓膜 .
Middle ear
Prominence of facial canal 面神经管凸 :
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2. Auditory tube 咽鼓管 :
Middle ear
In childhood: shorter, wider and more horizontal than in adult
Bony part 骨部 : posterolateral 1/3 ,open into the anterior wall of
tympanic cavity
Cartilaginous part 软骨部 : anteromedial 2/3, open into the nasopharynx 鼻咽部
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3. Mastoid antrum 乳突窦 and mastoid cells 乳突小房
Middle ear
mastoid cells
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2 ) content of tympanic cavity
(1)auditory ossicles 听小骨: 3 块
malleus 锤骨
incus 砧骨
stapes 镫骨
Middle ear
( 2 )运动听小骨的肌 tensor tympani 鼓膜张肌
stapedius 镫骨肌
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Internal ear 内耳
bony labyrinth 骨迷路 membranous labyrinth 膜迷路 .
Position: lies in the petrous part of the temporal bone, and consists of two parts:
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Internal ear 内耳
The bony labyrinth is composed of the compact bone, and the latter, a series of communicating membranous sacs and ducts, is contained within the bone labyrinth.
The membranous labyrinth is filled with endolymph 内淋巴 ,
The space between the membrnous and bony labyrinth is filled with perilymph 外淋巴 .
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bony labyrinth 骨迷路
Cochlea 耳蜗 :
Vestibule 前庭 :
Bony semicircular canals 骨半规管
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bony labyrinth 骨迷路
(1) Cochlea 耳蜗 : Cochlear spiral canal 蜗螺旋管 Modiolus 蜗轴 Osseous spiral lamina 骨螺旋板 Scala vestibuli 前庭阶 Scala tympani 鼓阶
Modiolus
Osseous spiral lamina
Scala vestibuli
Scala tympani
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bony labyrinth 骨迷路
(2) Vestibule 前庭 :
is the central part of bony labyrinth , and is medial to the tympanic cavity , it has 4 walls
On its lateral wall fenestra vestibuli 前庭窗 fenestra cochleae. 蜗窗 The medial wall is the fundus of the internal acoustic meatus 内耳道底
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bony labyrinth 骨迷路
(2) Vestibule 前庭 :
On its anterior wall,
a large opening communicates with the scale vestibuli 前庭阶 of cochlea.
On the posterior wall
5 opennings of emicircular canals.
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bony labyrinth 骨迷路
Anterior semicircular canal
Posterior semicircular canal
Lateral semicircular canal
(3) Bony semicircular canals 骨半规管 :
three in number, the ant., post., and lateral
simple bony crus 单骨脚ampullar bony crura 壶腹骨脚 bony ampulla 骨壶腹common bony crus 总骨脚
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2. Membranous labyrinth 膜迷路
(1) Cochlear duct 蜗管 : in cochlear spiral canal
(2) Utricle 椭圆囊 and saccule 球囊 : in vestibule
(3) Semicircular ducts 膜半规管 :
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(1) Cochlear duct 蜗管 : superior wall : vestibular wall 前庭壁 inferior wall : tympanic wall or basilar membrane 基底膜 spiral organ 螺旋器( Corti 器) lateral wall:
前庭壁
外侧壁
鼓壁(基底膜)
螺旋器 ( Corti 器)
labyrinth 膜迷路2. Membranous labyrinth 膜迷路
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receptors of balance, respond to linear acceleration and deceleration 直线加速和减速运动
(2) Utricle and saccule 椭圆囊和球囊 :
Connected to each other by utriclosaccular duct 椭圆球囊管 macular utricli 椭圆囊斑 macular sacculi 球囊斑
Membranous labyrinth 膜迷路
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蜗管
、椭圆囊
膜半规管
球囊saccule Utricle
Cochlear duct
Semicircular ducts
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(3) Semicircular ducts 膜半规管 :
membranous ampullae 膜壶腹 crista ampullaris 壶腹嵴:
Membranous labyrinth 膜迷路
receptor of balance, which respond to rotation of the head
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The Vestibulocochlear Organ
Internal acoustic meatus 内听道
structures passing through it
Facial nerve
vestibulocochlear nerve
vessels of labyrinth
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The position of internal ear
颞骨岩部内耳
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Conduction of sound
声波的传导途径
1 、气导 Air conductive pathway :
brain
•2 、骨导: 是指声波直接振动颞骨,引起蜗管内淋巴的振动,进而刺• 激基底膜上的螺旋器,引起听觉。
可分为气导和骨导两条途径
tympanic membrane chain of auditory ossicles
fenestra vestibuli perilymph within the scala vestibuli
endolymph within cochlear duct spiral organ
nerve impulse vestibulocochlear n.
the external acoustic meatusthe sound wave
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Receptors of balance Receptor of hearing
Bony labyrinth: Bony semicircular
canalsVestibule Cochlea
Membranous
Abyrinth : Cochlear ductSemicircular ducts Utricle 、 saccule
Receptors : crista ampullaris spiral organ Macular sacculi
Macular utricli
The summary
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Fig. 耳
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Fig. 鼓膜
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Fig. 鼓室
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Fig. 迷路
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Fig. 迷路
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前庭阶
鼓阶
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前庭壁
外侧壁
鼓壁(基底膜)
螺旋器( Corti器)
蜗神经节蜗神经
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Facial n.
Veastibular n.
Cochlear n.
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1. 外侧壁(鼓膜壁)
鼓膜光锥
鼓室上隐窝
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Fenestra cochleae 蜗窗
Promontory 岬
Prominence of facial canal
Pyramidal eminence
Fenestra vestibuli 前庭窗
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Conduction of sound 声波的传导
External ear
Tympanic membrane
chain of auditory ossicles
fenestra vestibuli
Internal ear
cochlear n.
spiral organ
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