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VI DEO FESTI VAL

PROPOSAL

Al ternat i ve Medi a Proj ect

Near York Ci ty

Apri l 20, 1971


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- ^~~~~~^ ^~' ~~~

i f nOTAYZ TRO ZCTZO S , . . . . . . , . ^ . . . . . . . . . ~ . . 9

i nvi AWKEXTS AND SHDN nVES , . . . , . , . . . . 10

=0 WCESSAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A

'i v. 1l 21nI CZI J > P2(C258c3 . ~ . . , . . . . . ~ . . . , , . , . , . . 1b

VA N I X~z~}~ . ~ V ~. ~~ I X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ . . . ~~~ 17

` J : . C~.= 3LI MON . , . . , . . . ~ . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

HE PI STI l l AL 20A AT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

HE l Z. OAHM2TI VZ Y3I }ZA 12DMOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

C=i s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


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has

f or

the

I N T R O D U C T I O N

. The Present S tatus of Tel evi si on :

There are more TV sets t han bathtubs i n the Uni t ed States .

A t ypi cal hi gh school graduate of today has spent 15, 000

hours i n f ront of a TV set as compared to onl y 10, 000 i n

a cl assroom

' The i nf l uence that t el evi si on has on our soci et y i s enormous .

I t i s t he pr i mary source of opi ni ons and f act s f or most Ameri cans .

I t i s our maj or medi um of entert ai nment . Yet i n the twenty- f i ve

years of Tel evi si on' s pri macy i n Ameri ca, i t s basi c structure

remai ned the same .

Several economc

thi s l ack of progress i n the t el evi si on i ndust ry . Because of

ext remel y hi gh cost of program producti on and di stri but i on,

and t echnol ogi cal f actors are responsi bl e

commerci al sponsorshi p has been the basi c f i nanci al st ructure of

the i ndust ry . Si nce t el evi si on has remai ned f undamental l y a

commerci al medi um desi gned to sel l product s to consumers, i ts

di st r i but i on structure has necessari l y been geared to the mass

audi ence . -

A t echnol ogi cal rest r i ct i on on t el evi si on has been the l i mted

channel capaci ty of the normal VHF broadcast band:

Thi s probl em hasbeen onl y part i al l y resol ved by the addi t i on of t he UHF band .

Further, programproducti on and di str i but i on have remai ned

ext remel y cent ral i zed w thi n three networks . The one-way f l ow of

l ef t l i t t l e room f or t he audi ence to

coul d be ef f ect i ve i n changi ng t he content

broadcast t el evi si on has

f eed bt : +. e l >response vahi ch

and qual i ty of pxae r, am .


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Some New Tool s :

We are about to enter a new era . of communi cat i ons .

2 .

Several recent t echnol ogi cal devel opments make possi bl e a

revol ut i on i n tel evi si on . These new tool s can radi cal l y al ter the

way t el evi si on programs are concei ved , produced and di str i buted .

1 . . Portabl e l / 2" vi deota pe equi pment - - Si nce 1968 a

compl ete i nexpensi ve tel evi si on producti on uni t has been avai l abl e

I t costs about $1500 and consi sts of a camera w th bui l t- i n mcro-

phone, vi deotape recorder (VTR) and moni t or screen . Thi s equi pment( commonl y known as the ' portapack' ) i s compact , l i ght and port abl e .

I t i s si mpl e to operate, and uses 1`2" erasabl e magnet i c tape .

Producti on costs are roughl y one- tenth that of . 16 mr r i f i l m But

unl i ke f i l m processi ng i s unnecessar y and the resul ts can beseen i mmedi atel y .

2 . Communi ty antenna tel evi si on - - CATV ( or J ust . "cabl e)

has been i n exi stence si nce 1949 . I t was ori gi nal l y desi gned as

a means of suppl yi ng cl ear vi deo pi ctures to out- of - the- way homes .

A cabl e systemconsi sts of (a) super antenna to pi ck up broadcasted

si gnal s, (b) a "head" or "headend" whi ch processes these si gnal s

and can serve to process l ocal l y ori gi nated si gnal s, (c) coaxi alt

cabl e whi ch i s str ung vi a tel ephone pol es or ci ty ducts to the

home TV sets .

Today i t hol ds the promse of bei ng a revol ut i onary new mode

of communi cat i on . The three mai n assets of cabl e, i n addi ti on

to i ts cl ear i nterf erence- f ree pi ctu~~e, are : (a) vi rt ual l y unl i mt ed

chcsnnel capaci ty, (b) two- way corwnuni cati on, and (c) i ts abi l i ty

to sel ect i vel y subdi vi de i ts t3- a: smssi orj : 7.


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Cabl e system are capabl e of carr yi ng f orty, ei ghty or

mor e channel s of i nf ormati on i nto the home si mul taneousl y . The

el ectroni c i nf ormati on carri ed can i ncl ude a vari ety of network

and l ocal tel evi si on program . I n addi t i on, cabl e can prof ri de a

host of new communi cati on devi ces and servi ces . _ Exampl es are

f acsci ml e pri nters, i . e . the morni ng newspaper and dai l y mai l

f l owng out the si de of the TV set ; burgl ary and fi re survei l l ance

3 .

system . As a resul t of i ts two-way capabi l i ty, cabl e can of f er

such servi ces as banki ng and shoppi ng wthout l eavi ng the home .

A two-way cabl e system connected to a central computeri zedprogram bank, can provi de at- home vi ewng of a sel ected program

Al so program produced by i ndi v =i f , u . a l s or groups can be fed i nto

the system ei ther f or i mmedi ate vi ewng by others or f or storage

i n the central program bank . -

Unl i ke broadcast TV, cabl e can ei ther send a program si mul -

taneousl y to al lsubscri bers, or i t can sel ect i vel y transmt to

as smal l an area as, a_si ngl e ci ty bl ock or even an i ndi vi dual

home .

3 . Cassettes - -

system are i ncl uded under the headi ngs

cartr i dge, or vi deo di sk . Essent i al l y,

parts : (a) the cassette

A l arge number of di f f erent and i ncompati bl e

vi deo cassette, vi deo

each consi sts of two

(whi ch can be magneti c tape, photographi c

hol ogram on whi ch the vi deo and audi o

and ( b) a smal l pl ayback machi ne i nto whi ch_

sent

f i l m a di sk, or even a

i nf ormat i on are pl aced,

the cassette i s pl aced and through whi ch the . i nf ormati on i s

to any normal TV set si mpl y by hooki ng i t onto the antenna .

The contents of cassettes can coven the program spectrum f rom

howt- sew to h brc,~core pori l ohrnphy . (Tho censorshi p l aws governi ng


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4 .

broadcast TV do not appl y to cassettes . ) Al most anythi ng that

can be recorded on f i l m or tape can be put i nto a casset te .

I mpl i cat i ons of the New Technol of ry : _-

Commerdi al broadcast tel evi si on i s no l onger the onl y means

f or produci ng and di st ri but i ng tel evi si on . program .

1 . Producti on - - 1/ 2 i nch vi deotape- equi p, ,i i ent al l ows

vi rt ual l y anyone to produce tel evi si on program . I n the f ew years

' si nce i ts i ntroducti on a cross-secti on of Ameri cans have experi

ment ed w th i t ; 1/ 2 i nch vi deotape has enabl ed art i sts, prof essi on-

al s and ordi nary ci ti zens t o do by themel ves what network tel e-

vi si on coul d not I or woul d not, do f or them

H gh producti on costs have kept networks . f rom l arge- scal e

experi mentat i on w th program materi al s .

TEducators and psychol ogi sts Dave used vi deotape as an ai d -

to sel f - expressi on and as a therapeut i c tool .

q An i ncreasi ng number of art i sts, f i l mmakers, pai nters and

scul ptors have gravi tated toward the new i nexpensi ve medi um I n

thei r experi ments they are devel opi ng a whol e new aestheti c order .

Networks have done l i t t l e to provi de l ocal - areas w th

opportuni t i es f or di al ogue . Communi ty workers and ci t i zens who have

used 1/ 2 i nch t , ~i pe have f ound i t an i deal medi um f or expressi on of

i deas and opi ni ons . -

The f act that peopl e can now desi gn thei r own uses f or tel e-

vi si on i s hi ghl y si gni f i can C . I t means that program pri ori ti es .

can be determned by the publ i c rather than by a smal l "broadcaste l i t ( - . "


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5.

2. D stri buti on - - New program and servi ces need channel s

f or exposure These can be provi ded by cabl e and cassette . tech-

nol ogy . Cabl e TV wth i ts dozens of extra channel s hol ds the

promse of communi ty- ori ented, communi ty- . control l ed programmng .

I ts two-way capabi l i ty can revi tal i ze the democrati c process

i n heavi l y popul ated areas . For exampl e, mul ti pl e i nput vi deo

di al ogues on subj ects of l ocal concern coul d prove to be a revi val '

of the town meeti ng i n areas where such gatheri ngs are no l onger

possi bl e .

-Voti ng wth a yes- no - si gnal devi ce connected to two-way

cabl e TV sets coul d i nsure f ul l parti ci pat i on i n el ecti ons and

publ i c ref erenda .

Wth the use of a computeri zed programbank, vi ewers coul d

request speci f i c program at thei r own di scret i on . I ndi vi dual s

and smal l groups i n every communi ty have f el t an i ncreasi ng need

f or accurate and thorough coverage of i ssues that concern them

The computeri zed program bank w l l al l ow peopl e to contri bute

thei r own 1/ 2 i nch Vi deotapes to the total i nf ormati on network .

As more and more of the program we see are made by peopl e

i n the communi ty rather than about them tel evi si on wl l undergo

an i mportant qual i tati ve change . Thi s coul d be the begi nni ng

of the i nevi tabl e decentral i zati on of the massi ve networks .

Vi deo cassettes consti tute a f urt her br eakdo~- r n of the tradi -t i onal di stri buti on set up of broadcast TV Program sel ecti on

wl l become more l i ke buyi ng books, or records . Program not

meant to be vi ewed more than once can make up a vi deo cassette

l endi ng l i brary . "


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Transi t i onal Probl em :

We are i n a state of transi ti on . I t i s cl ear that

the t radi t i onal f orm of network broadcast TV are goi ng to

change, moved i n l arge part by the f orce of new technol ogi cal

devel opments . I t i s not at al l cl ear, however, where these

changes w l l take the medi um

At present the publ i c as wel l as the communi cat i ons

i ndustry are i n a state of uncertai nty and conf usi on . The

publ i c by and l arge i s unaware of the very exi stence of the

new technol ogi cal advances .

I n the area of cabl e even those f aml i ar w th the

system are i gnorant of the great vari ety of i ts communi cat i on

potenti al s . Al though some cabl e operators cl ai mthat 1F1, i nch

equi pment i s i ncompati bl e wth thei r system, a year of

successf ul 1/ 2 i nch cabl e prnrrr"~mni nccrr h - t r Canadi an" ci ti zen

groups provi des evi dence to the contrary . The Canadi an ex-

peri ence . shoul d serve as a model . Easi l y accessi bl e 1/ 2 i nch

equi pment can meet the demands of many f orm of programmng .r

I n hundreds of communi ti es throughout the Uni ted States

controversy i s devel opi ng over how cabl e wl l be uti l i zed .

Shoul d i t be treated by governmental authori ti es as a common

carri er? Shoul d certai n channel s, owned but not control l ed

by the cabl e operator, be set asi de by l aw f or publ i c use? Or

6 .

wl l i t be merel y an extensi on of commerci al broadcast i ng?

The cassette i ndustry i s uncertai n or unw l l i ng to

i nnovate . Ml l i ons of dol l ars h*ve al ready been spent i n the

devel opment of cassette hardware . Yet l i t t l e has actual l y been


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The LYectl f or a For u "1 .

the ent i re cul ture .

t o choose .

7 .

done i n creat i ng new program . What l i t t l e new programmng

has been done remai ns convent i onal and uni nspi red . The es-

thet i c di mensi ons of t hi s t rul y new medi um are st i l l unexpl ored .

I t i s i roni c that concurrent w th al l thi s uncert ai ntyt here exi st s a vast amount of programmateri al produced by

i ndependent art i st s and groups whi ch i s sui t abl e f or di stri bu-

t i on vi a casset t e and cabl e .

The publ i c has a vi tal stake' i n t he ni norent devel op-

ment al process, perhaps more than i t real i zes . The decent ra-

l i zi ng ef f ect that many of the new tool s wl l have on program

producti on and di st ri but i on wl l make i t possi bl e f or any

group i n any co . . Unf y to . . . . . .. i . .. ` experi ence a- Va1, l abl e t o

I T I S I MPERATI VE T : SAT Tl I EPUBLI C BECOME AWAREOF THE VAST POTENTI AL OF THE NEW PRODUCTI ON ANDDSTRI BUTION TECHNOLOGES .

The resul ts of such awareness can onl y be posi t i ve

si nce i t wl l st i mul ate ef f orts on the part of both ci t i zens

and the i ndustry t r y desi gn the best possi bl e communi cat i ons

syst em . .

Theref ore, we propose a Foru r t t o provi de i nf ormat i on

whi ch wl l di spel uncertai nty and of al t ernat i ves f rom whi ch


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The Festi val :

We propose a f esti val , to be hel d i n New York C ty

between May 25-29, 1971 . The East Si de Tenni s Cl ub has l eased

f rom the ci ty a pl ot of l and on York Avenue, between 59th and

60th Streets . I t i s prepared to - erect two 22, 000 square f oot

i nf l atabl e domes on thi s si te and has of f ered the Al ternat i ve

Medi a Proj ect the use of thi s space f or the durat i on of the

Festi val .

The Festi val wl l i ncl ude a wde range of materi al s .

Them wl l be exampl es hi nd demonstrat i ons of the new technol ogy :

the contents of the proposed f esti val .

portabl e producti on uni ts, cassette machi nes, demonstrat i onsof the capabi l i ti es of cabl e system, vi deo process, vi deo

scul pture, vi deo proj ecti on, and a sampl i ng of the wde range

of tepcs bei ng created . b y the new generat i on of vi deo art i sts .

The i ntended audi ence i s anyone w th an i nterest i n

the f uture of our soci ety - - the publ i c, medi a peopl e, and i n-

dustry can al l -l earn f rom thi s i nterchange .

The Festi val proposed here i s an attempt to expl ai n

the new vi deo technol ogy by showng what i t can do . The com

ponents of the f esti val wl l be caref ul l y i ntegrated to gi ve

the audi ence a compl ete and meani ngf ul pi cture of the new medi um

The di rect i on that these new i nf ormati on system wl l take i s

too i mportant to l eave to chance .

The f ol l owng secti on wl l descri be and bri ef l y di scuss


11/45

F E s T ! V A L MA T L ~ I A L


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I . VI DEOTAPE PROECTI ONS

The use of proj ecti ons i s desi gned to st i mul ate anawareness of vi deo as a pervasi ve al l - embraci ng f actor

of the envi ronment . I n the absence of a TV recei ver theaverage i ndi vi dual i s

, unaware of the ml l i ons ofman-madesi gnal s that bombard hi m Taped i mages wl l be proj ected

onto the si des of an open-ended, 20 f oot - hi gh cube . C osedci rcui t proj ecti ons of the audi ence wl l be cast on acentral screen suspended f rom the roof of the cube . Thesurf ace of one housi ng dome wl l serve as a screen f orother proj ect i ons . BY f i l l i ng the surroundi ng vi sual spacew th vi deo i mages accompani ed by a sust ai ned el ectroni caudi o tone we begi n to acquai nt the audi ence wth theterrai n of thei r i nvi si bl e envi ronment .

Pract i cal as wel l as esthet i c consi derati ons underl i ethe deci si on to use proj ecti ons . n coy- , sonsus of manuf actur-ers i ndi cates that the 1' V set of the f uture w l l i ncl ude a

wal l - si zed screen and stereo or quadraphoni c speakers . Ouruse of vi deo proj ect i ons and speci al screeni ng processessuch as G E' s Command Perf ormance system ( a 7' x 10' pro-j ecti on screen) i s actual l y a demonstrat i on of the technol ogythat wl l soon be avai l abl e to the consumer .

The proj ected materi al wl l consi st of a col l ect i on of

f aml i ar and unf aml i ar scenes i ncl udi ng :

t i onal tape f or doctors produced by V sual I nf ormati onsyster, l s .

1 . Heart transp ,~ant s , - 2" col or H . Band - - An educa-

2. Moon Shot ; - 1/ 2" Sony - - shot f rom 3 ml es may wth

Sony portabl e by Lee Kamri s l , .c, F


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3 . Street Demonst rati ons - - Washi ngton, D . C . Summer

Peace March, Women' s Li ber=ati on, Gay Li berat i on and Squat ters

Movement .

4 . Cel ebrat i ons - - AMP Conf erence by Fobi l e Muck Truck

J ames Buckl ey Headquarters - - Rai ndance

J acki e Curt i s Party - - Woody Vasul l a

Arti st' s Party - - Frank Cavest ani

5 . C osed C rcui t - - V deof reex and audi ence

6 . Const ruct i ons - - Domes - - by Ant i och and V deof reex

I nstant C ty - - Les Wal ker and Cornel l V deo Group

Engl ewood ri ~oj ect - - An envi ronment bui l t by chi l drenDougl as Whi te

Paol o Sol eri - - Cornel l V deo Group

I I . VI D EO RNVTRC1hNhE1, TTS A1A1T1 cu nT TV DV 0

1- . The audi ence wl l be abl e to vi ew t apes i n a vari ety

envi ronment s . Both domes wl l be abl e to hol d at l east one i n-

f l atabl e bubbl e w th a 30- 60 person capaci ty . The i nsi de of

the bubbl e consi sts of pl ast i c, wood and f oam sof as, f l oor cushi ons,

several moni tors and a vi deotape consol e . The seats and moni tors

wl l be pl aced at vari ous - l evel s and angl es to i nsure maxi mum

comort and audi ence i nt eract i on . Props can be i ncorporat ed i n

the pl acement of moni tors, e . g . , TV sets on tabl etops, i nsi de a

stove, on a motorcycl e, etc . The bubbl e i nt eri or wl l be desi gned

by the vari ous part i ci pants, not abl y Rai ndance Corporat i on andG obal V l l age, whi ch have f uncti oni ng envi r onment s of thi s typei n thei r tv(anhattan l of t study os .


14/45

of pretaped and cl osed ci rcui t vi deo .

categori es :

w

2 . Other mni tor envi ronments may i ncl ude : .

. ( a ) A smal l pavi l i on part i t i oned i nto three or f our

secti ons . Each secti on wl l contai n a mni tor and f our seats .

A "gui de l i st" gi vi ng a coded descri pt i on of several short tapes

w th a di f f erent l i st f or each sect i on, w l l be made avai l abl e .

The vi ewer can sel ect the tape he wshes to see by punchi ng

the appropri ate code number s on a consol e .

( b) A mdel TV room f or the home of the f uture contai n-

i ng a wal l - si zed screen and stereo speaker system

( c) A chamber contai ni ng mni tors and al pha wave ampl i -

f i ers ( a devi ce i n the f orm of a headset whi ch . pi cks up and

ampl i f i es brai n waves and converts themi nto a si gnal that can

operate an on-of f swtcher) . When an "al pha wave, " the brai n

wave characteri sti c of deep rel axat i on and medi tat i on, i s pro-

duced the sw tch i s act i vated al l owng the vi ewer to exerci se

remte control of the mni tors by thought .

( d) mni tors i ncorporated i nto scul ptures and obel i sks

of varyi ng shape and si ze wl l be pl acedat

i rregul ar- i nterval saround the domes, . , _ The mni tors w l l carry a conti nuous program

Several hundred hours of vi deotape* are avai l abl e f or thi s

f esti val . The taped materi al f al l s i nto the f ol l owng-general

1 . Musi c - - C assi cal , J azz and Rock2 . I ntervi ews3 . Vi deo Magazi nes4 . Experi men"dal Tapes - - Composi t i ons of

el ectroni c i mages5 . Event coverage

The vi deotapes are on al l f orm . t s (1/ 2", 1" aci d 2" - - bl ac l c andvhi te and col or) . The maj ori ty wl l be on 1/ 2" tape .


15/45

6 . Experi ments wth 2-way vi deo communi cat i on7 . Educati onal tapes - - f rom How To' s"

to readi ng by col or8

. Tapes made by and for chi l dren9 . Feature producti ons

10 . Archi tectural Desi gn11 . Documentari es on communi ty acti on groups

A l i st of contri buti ng art i sts and groups i s i ncl uded on page i v

of thi s proposal .

Apart f rom the i ntr i nsi c meri t any or al l of the show

tapes may have- f or the i ndi vi dual vi ewer, . thei r i mpact on

i ndustry shoul d be enormous . Representat i ves of the communi ca

t i ons i ndustry, part i cul arl y such emergi ng di stri butors as CATV

and vi deo cartri dge manuf acturers w l l be abl e to sampl e the

weal th of materi al now bei ng produced by the al ternat i ve medi a

communi ty ; materi al whi ch can f i l l the gap i n programmng

presentl y f aced by al l di stri butors .


16/45

I I I . VI DEO PROCESSES

Tel evi si on today does not i nvi te . the vi ewer to i nteract

wth the medi um

A vi deo process, on the other hand, adds a t otal l y new

di mensi on . I t i s purposef ul l y desi gned to sol i ci t the vi ewer' s

react i on . He i s l i f ted out of hi s chai r and chal l enged to

i nteract . The passi ve vi ewer becomes the act i ve part i ci pant .

1 . Csed C rcui t ' i deo Scu l n~ re

( a) I n thi s process the vi ewer st ands i n f ront of a

pl exi gl ass modul e . Several cameras and nl ni 2 moni tors are

srra ; r ged to i ~prv~av~+~ t i i- 1 ,C

vfv -i ' i i

. i i ag~ Proma

vari ety ofangl es and perspect i ves .

The percept i on of hi s mul t i - angl ed i mage cues the

r veact . t th u " change bodi l y posi t i on or f aci ali e' u+er c. 0 df , ~

expi -.essi on . The change i n - i mage on the moni tor st i mul at es

f urther changes by the subj ect . A f eed-back cycl e i s establ i shed

Thi s i s Stcp One . The vi ewer has gone t hrough the basi c experi -

ence of an el ementary personal i nt eract i on wth the t el evi si on

medi um and set up a two-di recti onal exchange and f eedback of

i nf ormat i on .

( b) An al t ernat i ve type of vi deo scul pture i ncorporat es

a t i me-del ay ci rcui t . The vi ewer sees Sogna : ~f hi mel f si mul -

taneousl y on the several moni tors - - i n t he present , as he

was ei ght and si xteen seconds ago, and so f ort h . I n addi t i on,

st andard broadcast shots and prepared tapes i nt roduce i mages

al t ernat i ng wth hi s own del ayed/ l i ve i mage . To quotes t , ~h CZ

Frank G l l ett e, one of the desi gners of , . k uni t , "I t was an

attcr pt to demonst rate that you' re c as much a pi ece of i nf or-

mati on a toanorro e morni ng' s headl i nes . . . i t rearranges one' s

exp- ri ence of i nf ormat i on recept i on . "


17/45

2 . Vi deo Synthesi zers :

The synthesi zers i ntroduce the next upward step i n

subj ect i nteract i on wth the medi um 1he vi ewer i s of f ered a

more creati ve rol e . The UN TS enabl e the subj ect to "pl ay"

a vi deo moni tor l i ke a musi cal i nst rument . One-vari at i on of

thi s machi ne has several moni tors and a keyboard w th whi ch

the operator can bui l d hi s own abstract i mages and f eed i n

prepared tape segments . He can compose an el ectroni c col l age

wth i nf i ni te vari ati ons . Another permts the operator to

"pai nt" movi ng i mages wth hi s choi ce of el ectroni c col ors .

3 . ; ? l i ed V deo Proce sses

Vi deo tape equi pment can be used by the i ndi vi dual

or the group to expand awareness of the sel f and physi cal

envi ronment . Teacher t rai ni ng courses have i n recent years

uti l i zed the i nstant pl ayback potenti c-1l of vi deo tape to

i mprove techni ques of i nstructi on through i mmedi ate sel f -

observat i on . To meet a broader spectrum of si tuat i ons i n

whi ch i ntensi ve, i mmedi ate sel f -observat i on i s an i mportant

educati onal tool , medi um experi menters have devel oped a

vari ety of desi gns f or i mpl ementi ng sensi ti vi ty trai ni ng .

They have used i nexpensi ve 1/ 2 i nch vi deo equi pment avai l abl e

and practi cal f or the average consumer .

( a) -Sel f~ -obse rvat i on for sel f - know edFL - - A vi deo

camera, vi deotape recorder and a moni tor

but ef f ect i ve vi deo f eedback system The

process to be descri bed i s sel f -knowedge

make up

purpose

through

obs ; rvataon .

The subj ect, pl aces ri m >el f i n f ront of th

a si mpl e

of the

sel f -


18/45

cues such -as :

and ' so f ort h .

"Let your f ace be sad . "

and f ol l ows a set of recorded verbal i nst ructi ons whi l e the

vi deotape i s rol l i ng . The i nstructi ons may be bri ef

"Expl ore your f ace w th your f i nger t i ps . "

"Cl ose your eyes and thi nk ofsomeone you l ove . "

"For the next twenty seconds do whatever xni x : ayou pl ease . "

The tape i s repl ayed on the moni tor . The vi ewer watchi ng

the scr een i s abl e .t o l ook at hi mel f f ar more obj ect i vel y

than he mght i f he had been watchi ng hi s acti ons i n a mrror . *

The person who "acts" bef ore a mrror cannot, psychol ogi cal l y

"see" hi mel f" w th a si ml ar obj ect i vi t y . H s act i ons must

i nevi t abl y di stract hi m f rom detached observat i on . Whi l e

f i l m m : y j ust as ef f ect i vel y produce an i mage f or obj ecti ve

vi ew ng, i t l oses, through t i me l ag i ncurred i n processi ng,

the vi tal el ement provi ded by the i mmedi ate repl ay of a tape.

(b) Vi deo- pl ayback f or educati onal . i nstr uct i on - - Groups

of j uni or and seni or hi gh school age x . t have made unusual

progress i n sel f - expressi on through the use of i nst ant pl ay-

back equi pment . Al do Tambel l i ni expl ai ns to hi s young st udents

the use of vi deotape as a tool f or underst andi ng the -v. orl d

around themHe provi des them w th port abl e equi pment to

t ape each other and vari ous areas of the ci ty .

The prof ound i nterest generat ed by pl ayback of thei r own

taped materi al provi des the young peopl e w th powerf ul moti va- -

Fau1 Ryan, "pel f - -Proecs~ i n ; . " I ~ ~. r l ic a l - 5oi re, f i ' ?. New

Ycrl ~ : Rai ndance Corp . , 19(1, p . 1^5


19/45

Ken hi a: rsh and EJ . i ot G a : ;: s :1970 . Avai l abl e : Peopl e' s V deo

A

(c) V deo pl ayback as c ? - PyArcj _sP __ C asses i n

vati ons, sel dom attai ned through conventi onal cl assroom

procedures, f or wi t i ng poetry, stori es, and so f orth, deal i ng

wth the content of the tapes .

dramati c i nstructi on at the Uni versi ty of Montreal are di vi ded

i nto two groups, each assi gned a speci f i c acti on, e . g . ore

group to show f eel i ngs of j oy, t he other sorrow

One member of each group operates a vi deo camera whi l e

part i ci pat i ng i n the acti on . The groups then watch themel ves

on i nstant pl ayback usi ng repl ay as of ten as needed to i mprove

thei r own techni ques .

Such use of tape speeds up consi derabl y the ti me i t takes

at present f or drama students to become f aml i ar wth the use

of thei r own bodi es through regul ar theatre exerci ses .

( d) V deo r nedi . a t ; 3. on - - - V deo process may be appl i ed to

probl em of soci al behavi or .

I n the f armof "vi deo Medi at i on" the process of f ers a

technol ogi cal approach to conf l i ct resol ut i on .

Concei ved by Ken March and El i ot G ass of Peopl es V deo

Theater, the process i s desi gned to "deal wth i ssues by

creati ng l i ne ; of communi cat i on between antagoni st groups

whereby each can experi ence the i nf ormati on of the other wth-

out di rect r conf xontati on . y I n the past Peopl e' s V deo Theater

has entered ,yari ous scenes of communi ty conf l i ct wth portabl e

vi deo equi pment and produced tapes af . i nt ervi ews wi th ant agoni st

groups . The tape of each antagoni st i s then pl ayed back to the

other and the reacti ons subsequentl y taped . A cycl e, "st atement,

exposure, respcn i 1e" i s t?7L~reby i ni ti ated .

~~eatre, 5 I h Si xthAve

I r T. ' . C


20/45

The f esti val w l l i ncl ude areas f or vi ewers to part i ci pate

i n the appl i ed V deo Process act i vi t i es descri bed above .

I V I NTERACTI ON PROCESS

I mages on a TV scr een, i ndependent of accompanyi ng sound

track can proj ect a l anguage of thei r own wth consi derabl e

i mpact on the vi ewer .

. . . Mani pul at i on' of the vi sual i mage whether through change

of rel at i ve si ze, col or, cl ari ty or by a vari ety of i magecombi nat i ons can convey subtl e but ef f ect i ve i nf ormat i on,

of ten di f f i cul t or i mpossi bl e to tr ansmt w th words .

1 . V sual l ntera r ~t i on Te rmn . 1

The vi sual i nteract i on termnal provi des a method

f or i mage mani pul at i on and i nteract i on . The vi ewer and

vi deo are empl oyed i n two cont rasti ng procedures :

( a) Subj ects i sol ated i n separate room tal k to each

other over a two-way audi o- vi sual - hookup . A techni ci an i n a

thi rd room wth speci al . equi pment can mani pul ate thei r i mages

w th speci al ef f ects : spl i t - screen, posi t i ve- negat i ve, super-

i mposi t i on, and t i me del ay .

(b), I n the second procedure the subj ectSbecome . the

techni ci an . TReY recei ves t h ei r own speci al - ef f ects consol e w th

operat i ng i nstruct i ons and mani pul ate each other ' s i mages'

usi ng the speci al ef f ects . observed i n the f i rst pro-

cc- dur e .


21/45

_ . 17 .

2 . Game Show of Tomorrow

The Game Showmay be one-of the more spectacul ar

event s of the f est i val . A f acsi ml e of a t el evi si on studi o i s

const ructed and a f ormat si ml ar to a TV panel game i s used .

The si ml ari t y, however, i s merel y peri pheral . Actors pl anted

i n t he audi ence, st rategi cal l y pl aces moni tors, speci al use

of camera and sophi sti cated sw tchi ng equi pment al l ow t he

di rectors to cont rol and mani pul at e the panel audi ence . The

hi ghl y charged i nt eract i onoal i s to achi eve a

, of audi ence and medi um

3 . Free Forra I nt eract i on :

To cont rast w th the Cont rol l ed I nt eract i on

si t uat i ons descri bed above a l arge open area i s provi ded t o

accommodat e Free Organi c I nt eract i ons among members of the

audi ence, cameramen, t echni ci ans ar i d anyone el se movi ng around

i nsi de the domes . C i ps w th speci al i ndi vi dual i t y and appeal ,

moment s of t al ki ng,touchi ng, danci ng, ki ssi ng are caught by

cl osed ci rcui t cameras and f ed i nto the moni t or and proj ect i on

envi ronment s .

V MED A MATRI X

The Medi a Matri x devel oped by Vi deosphera* i s a uni que

construct i on w th capaci ty f or demonst rat i ng . a vari ety of

i nt eract i ve and appl i ed vi deo processes .

The uni t empl oys si xty vi deo moni tors (52 - - 17"

moni tors, bl ack and urhi te ; and 8 - - 19" moni tors, col or) encased

x VJ - d~! o1pheree - - a non- prof i t f "~undati on f or sponsorshi p andd~i cvel opment of exp~ r . i. r er ~ ~: s w th the vi deo medi url .


22/45

i n metal and pl exi gl ass cubes . The moni tors may be arranged

and connect ed i n any desi red conf i gurati on to become a mul t i -

purpose tool .

Thi s uni t can be used in a number of ways for process

demonst rati ons : -

(a) A gi ant mural of moni tors ox' several groups of

moni tors stacked i n ge~ometri cal f ore?=, serve as a showcaseu

for speci al l y prepared tapes or si mul taneousl y carry of f - the-

ai r brodcast s, pre- recorded tapes and cl osed ci rcnl i t i mages .

v. a . . . . . . , . .


23/45

2 . Two-way l i nkages between the si te and the studi o

l of ts of several New York vi deo groups . These l of ts are al l

l ocated wt hi n a f ew bl ocks of each other so that the techni cal

rel at i vel y uncompl i cated . Among

there l i nkages wl l be

(a) A Communi ty News Servi ce coveri ng act i vi t i es

and events i n the Greenwch Vi l l age area to be s' Laf fed by

students and members of the New York vi deo conLi nuni t y . Several

probl em of l ayi ng cabl e wl l be

the act i vi t i es carri ed out over

mobi l e uni ts usi ng portabl e camers and 1/ 2" VTR s wl l work

i n cooperat i on wth the C, oi mmuni t y News Servi ce . a t the New School

f or Soci al Research and si ml ar

i ntervi ews and street pol l s and

i nf ormat i on to the f esti val and

mobi l e uni ts wl l be Vi deo Vans

These ar e f ul l y equi pped, cabl e

Other uni ts wl l bri ng tapes as

thecabl e studi o at the f esti val si te .

(b) A di rect cabl e hookup wth the Uni versi ty of

wl l provi de an audi ovi sual

Fest i val . and Al ternat i ve ' 71,

wde range of human endeavors

yoga to symphoni c musi c .

weeks bef ore the vi deo f esti val and

the l ast f ew days wl l run concurrent l y wt h the event .

col or documentary of some earl i er hi ghl i ghts wl l be shot and

processed at Carbondal e and trami ni tted over cabl e to New . Yor k

Li ve coverage wl l be cabl ec zs t si mul taneousl y

CoveraE-; e ! of t he f es t i val vi 11 be t r al : .m t t ed

Southern I l l i noi s at Carbondal e

l i nk between the New York V deo

a massi ve exposi t i on coveri ng a

f rom geodesi c archi tecture to

nati ve ' 71 wl l start two

. f o r proj ect i on .

on moni tors .

bac~, to I l l i . r i oi s .

groups to co vc r events, conductprovi de a conrtan, f l ow of

to ho ms vi a cabl e . Among the

of and . ~Ant j < . - i ~ x ~ !1_d~. of reex .

c , ~ - ,. pabl < . mobi l e TV -studi os .

soon a -. they are compl eted, to

Al ter-

A


24/45

- , 20 .

( e) Li ve and taped cabl ecasts wl l be rel ayed f rom

the si te to the l of ts and f rom the l of ts to the si te and sub- -

sequentl y to pri vate homes . The l i ve cabl ecasts wl l consi st

of di al ogues between members of the audi ence at the si te and

vi deo group personnel at both l ocati ons . Al l the taped cabl e-

casts wl l use 1/ 2" equi pment and 1" transfers of 1/ 2" tapes .

A worki ng demonstrati on of 1/ 2 i nch cabl e compati bi l i ty'

wl l be hi ghl y si gni f i cant to al l those whose l i ves may be

a f ' s ' ect ed bw " f _ i r; i j T j 17? ' i 3 f ~: ~ c ; , } h lr S17- - t c i n the_present or near

f uture ; the vi abi l i ty of thi s l ow cost, durabl e equi pment

can mean vastl y i ncrea_ ; ed communi ty i nputs to cabl e system .

f hc ul ti mate resul t of i ts use wl l be more and better communi ty


25/45

PEST V A L F ORMAT


26/45

Thi s f ormat i s d . esi gned to

1. Create a rapport between audi ence and the new medi um by

establ i shi ng an atmosphere of warmh and happi ness . Free

movement wl l al l ow f or observat i on and part i ci pat i on.

2. Educate the audi ence about the new t echnol ogy, by pro-

vi di ng a progressi on f romsi mpl e to compl ex and f rom present

to f uture .

3. Show that the ef f ect of the new tool s are dependent on

human use .


27/45

I nf ormati on and f aml i ari zat i on .

A structured tour .

ENTRANCE

A Tel evi si on i n a hi stori cal An i mmedi ate ref erence poi nt .

perspecti ve

SUGGE ST r D FORMAT

DOME I

22 .

Street . " Thi s wl l bl end i nto

present al ternati ve programmng

The desi gn of thi s area shoul d

compl ement the openness of the

newmedi um

Suggested : At the poi nt of change

to al ternati ve programmng the

arrangement of moni tors shoul d

change f rom a l i ne to a "forest . "

1 . Anti que TV Set Showng peri od programmng e . g .

New Gri f f i n si ngi ng "I ' ve Got

a Lovel y Bunch of Coconuts . "

2 . Compari son Two groups of moni tors showng

ol d and new program .

3 . Evol ut i on A gal l ery of change e . g devel op-

ment of chi l dren' s shows f rom

"D ng Dong Sxhool " to "Sesame


28/45

B New producti on equi pment Porta-paks expl ai ned , demon-

strated and made avai l abl e

C . Personal communi cat i on 1 . Between i ndi vi dual s

through vi deo 2 . Between groups

e . g . Two vi deo phone banks

provi di ng the onl y l i nk

between a di vi ded audi ence .

D Newdi stri buti on 1 . Vi deo cassetteshardware 2 . Cabl e . Demonstrati on of :

a . mul ti - channel capaci ty

b . a si mpl e l i nk to other

part of si te

c . di al access ; program

on demand .

f or use .


29/45

demonst rati ons .

DOME I I

Potenti al of the medi um

An unstructured tour .

A f eel i ng of openness and space provi ded by areas of grass

and water .

Arrows on the f l oor wl l suggest a di recti on, but peopl e

canl go where they want .

A FRE~ FORM AREA Use of porta-paks i n a vari ety ofj

spontaneous si tuati ons under gui dance

of f esti val staf f .

B PLAZA

An area f or f ree movement between vari ous vi deo process

24 .

1 . Creati ve Parti ci pati on Vi deo synthesi zers pl ayed l i ke

musi cal i nst ruments .

2 . Sensi t i vi tyh

Sel f observati on

- - - - - -- - ' Theater exerci ses and body

awareness .

Al pha wavegenerators

.

3 . One-toone i nteracti on Vi deo i nteracti on termnal :

two subj ects devel op a vi sual

l anguage usi ng speci al ef f ects

generators .


30/45

2 5 .

C. ALTERNATI VE PROGRAMMNG V deotapes shown si mul taneousl y

i n a vari ety of envi ronments .

PROECTI ONS ENV RONMENT Col or and bl ack and whi te pro-

j ecti ons on dome surf aces and

open cube

E CABLE TV A port i on of the dome space

devoted t o the uses of cabl e .

I t wl l i ncl ude demonstrat i ons

of

1. Two- way l i nkages - a model

f or communi ty TV di al ogue .

2. A communi ty news servi ce

coveri ng the Greenwch V l l age

area .

3. Other uses of cabl e

The demonst rat i on area wl l be l i nked

to homes i n Manhattan that al ready

recei ve cabl e servi ce .

F . ALTERNATI VE ' 71 A l i nk between two maj or cul tural

' . , events, the New York V deo Festi val

and the Mdwest Exposi ti on

Low resol uti on vi deo si gnal s trans-

mtt ed over tel ephone cabl e wl l

create the i l l usi on of the worl d

seen f rom space .


31/45

26 .

A vi deotape studi o and soundstage

i ns i d . e of a bubbl e .

I t wl l house :

1 . The Game Show

2. Semnars on the uses and

msuses of vi deo .

3. Theater groups .

A mural of moni tors that combi nes

a revi ew of al l areas of the f es-

ti val wth prepared tapes, cl osed

ci rcui t i mages and broadcast TV


32/45

ADDENDA

Y

A rest area and pl ay area wl l be provi ded i n Dome I I .

27 .

Moni tor and pl ayback equi pment wl l be provi ded f or i nput by

anyone who bri ngs hi s own vi deotape

Festi val personnel w l l be on hand i n al l areas to expl ai n,

demonstrate and keep an eye on equi pment .

"

Ambi ent sounds wl l be generated by an el ectroni c synthesi zer .

Under consi derati on : a pri nted readout of each day' s pro-

gram to be carri ed on cabl e stati ons f or the durat i on of

the f esti val .


33/45

D D 1 ESA I VA 1-

I ~A R11 - 1 cl ~ 1 Cf- 7 1 "

OT G ! ' Wf ZK .W (i 1 k - V LC , S*TENVATN\ I L\ S ~(N -S CAL ~


34/45

A L T E R N A T I . V E MEDA PROEC T


35/45

i

The Al ternati ve Medi a Proj ect i s a non prof i t corporati on

cre~ed tohel p bui l d new communi cat i ons syst em whi ch

al l 6w"f or maxi mum al ternati ves of expressi on

The f orm of these syst em are bei ng devel oped by i n-

di vi dual s and groups worki ng i n and outsi de the the communi -

cati ons i ndustry .

The f uncti on of AMP i s :

1 . ' to act as a communi cati ons l i nk between

these i ndi vi dual s and groups

o stage necessary events to gi ve publ i c

exposure to these syst em

The Al ternati ve Medi a Proj ect was f ormed by the part i ci -

pants of the Al ternati ve Medi a Con , ference hel d at Goddard

Col l ege i n Pl ai nf i el d , Vermont i n J une of 1970 . . The

" Conf erence was atteyi ded by 3000 creati ve l eaders i n al l

aspects of al ternati ve medi a i ncl udi ng vi deo art i sts, f i l m

ci ans, communi ty dbrkers, radi o personnel , comc book ar-

ti sts and members ! of communes . The Conf erence recei ved

f avorabl e publ i ci ty i n both the underground and establ i sh-

ment press .

ALTERNATI VE MEDA PROECT

29

wri ters and edi tors of i ndependent newspapers, musi -


36/45

ALTERNATI VE MEDA PROECT : STAFF

MARK BROWNSTONEB . A . (Psychol ogy) CCNY ; New York musi ci an .

D vN ' GOT DDERGManagi ng Edi t or , C RCUS MAGAZI NE . Formerl y staf f wi ter forBI LLBOARD Musi c Edi tor of RECORD 11ORLD Associ ate Edi tor of

CRA , DADDY More recentl y musi c publ i sher f or A ) =7. r t Gr ossmanorgani zati on, worki ng wth The Band, J ani s J opl i n, Bob Dyl an,

and others .

FRED MARGQL ' s SM S . (Broadcasti ng) Brookl yn Col l ege . Formerl y storyedi tor for UMC Pi ctures

R CHARD ROBINSONSynd _cates 5- t ; r , ~ - e : ?kl y radi o shoes to 500 stati ons . Former

edi t or of HT PARADER, syndi cated musi c col umni st and headof A&R at Kama Sutra Records .

DAVI D SI LVERGo-producer of "The Ameri can Dream Machi ne " and otherprogram for NET

MCHAEL f?UDSON SHAW

tn r?ntor ~- art i st : f i l l ; 8 musi c

LARRY YURDN 'Currentl y, Producti on Coordi nator of WARS- FM network .

Pr evi ousl y,staff manager of sever al f ree-form F 11 st at i ons .

Graduate of Goddard Col i gge .

OYp,TTG~ I _F Fc I i i: 7ed : i. a consul t~ . nt to I etropol i t=an - i ' u >eur s R al e1: a i nsti Uute,i she

e, V York ; ' Mate Counci l . on the Arts :


37/45

TECHNCAL ADVI SORS :

WC)-,; D ' YV1. ~~ u1 . 11

RI CHARD NUS0 ;] R

ADVI SORS

CREA' T_1VF-. ADVISOB

CHUCK KENNEDYVi deo advi sor to New York State Counci l on

the Ari : s . Cornel l SyracuseUni v : i ~si t y

C . T . LUHead of CTL El ectroni cs, the ma i n, ! - -suppl i er of_ ' ,i - r n e i i t to the New Yoi ' 1d -vi deo c e i ! i i i u n i t y

BR A_DSTEI ,!ARTF Board of D rector^ of the Vi deot apeProdi czr" Asooci - . 4i on,

_

4, 4 C wU i - - i : ' v ` e " . j . I neer >

c) _ t o r o1 Ti nvi i ' onrt ' n


38/45

PROMOTI ONAL ADVI SORS :

SI D BERNSTEI NConcert Promoter (Beatl es, etc . )

WARTOXE LTDPubl i ci sts f or the Woodstock . Festi val


39/45

Cl u

ALTER NAT VE MDA PR OEC

Apri l 21, 1971

Al ternati ve Medi a Proj ect

13 ST MARKS PLACENEW ORK, N Y 10013( 212) 674-1193

Fri ends,

Thi s i s the proposal f or the New York Vi deo Festi val . .

Your reacti ons, suggesti ons and parti ci pati on are needed

There w l l be a meeti ng at 12 noon on Fri day, Apri l 23rd.

I t wl l be hel d a t 251 W-89th St , apt . 11E (362- 9828) .

At thi s ti me, w th your hel p, we w l l f i nal i ze the proposal

and make pl ans f or i ts i mpl i mentati on

Si nce ti me i s short we request that youpl ease be on ti me .

The Festi val opens i n fi ve weeks .


40/45

Agenda f or meeti ng Apri l 23, 1971

Mnori ty Parti ci pati on :

4 . Equi pment al ready avai l abl e

6 . El ectri cal ; power requi rementsi nterf ace speci f i cati onsmai ntai nence


41/45


42/45

VI DEO FESTI VALan exposi ti on f or underst andi ng the

medi um

A Vi deo Festi val wl l be presented i n two gi ganti c domeson May 25th to 29th at York Ave & 59th Street i n New YorkCi ty A creat i on of i ndi vi dual and group vi d eo / peopl e andthe Al ternati ve Medi a Proj ect, the Festi val w l l _ recei vesupport f rom danada and Europe :

The purpose of the Vi deo Festi val i s to i ncrease thepubl i c underst ahdi ng of the medi um Two i nf l atabl e - ,domesw th 44, 000 square f eet of f l oor space are/ bei ng' mdeavai l abl e f or the Festi val : r

A bri ef hi stori cal survey f romto the present vi deo expl osi on

perspecti ve on the medi umThe maj ori ty of space i n the f i rst dome wl l be used todemonstrate the equi pment . Where practi cal , the i ndi vi dualwl l actual l y operate the systems f rom the porta- paks tomore compl ex f eed-back equi pment . I ndi vi dual s who do notwsh to part i ci pate wl l be f ree to' move and observe atthei r own pace .

Maj or i nnovati ons i n equi pment desi gn and the creati veuse of the medi um have al ready b6en accompl i shed . Thesecond dome (22, 000 sq f t . ) wl l be devoted to showngthe f antasti c potenti al of the/ medi um I ndi vi dual vi deopeopl e and vi deo groups wl l be gi ven space and unl i mtedel ectri cal energy to communi cate thei r vi si ons .

The potenti al of cabl e tel evi si on, present and f uturewl l be an i mportant part the Festi val .

A speci al f eature of the Vi deo Festi val wl l be a conti nuous,di rect l i nk wth CarbondaAe, I l l i noi s and the Al ternati ve 71program that wl l be runni ng concurrent wth the Vi deoFesti val . , '

For more i nf ormati on c

(212) 362-9828

oI , . . % stuwi wn~ s ; ~Sa+e h tu~l_ :

May 25-29 . 1971New York Ci ty

the earl i est days of TV"'wl l gi ve the audi ence a

11 Al ternati ve Medi a Proj ect at


43/45


44/45

i to. nsi non ns al 2ancy conced ~7est con-

not know whaz t o p7oduce f or

LAO na~ 331~L- 7aZ, _!a compani es posscss unused channel capaci ty .

Rs7ezLti ve poograsmng, publ i c msLnf ormat i on

and wast e, a r t s _ i l l w th us .

To DEAL WTH ~a propose a Anum t o provi de i nf ormat i on~WT W

CTI CK di swelurcenzcl nzy

and t o present al ternat i vest o choose f Tom

00a 30AL To make as many Poopl a as possi bl e aware of

THE SI TI Naw York Ci ty

na potent i al of vi deo .

THE FGAZAT wi l l consi st of Proj ec

vi ronment s, cabl a hookupsv0eo - Trocess,

of t el evi si on, t he scat s of t he art,

f ut ure possi bi l i t i es .

ny 25- 29, 1971

ons, vi deo uspe en-

ampl es of the

CO devonsr r nt e zhe basi c t ool s

and some

Cabl e connecti onst o

var i ous par t sof

t he ci t yai l country w l l make thi s a nat i onal event .


45/45

Ant FarmScot t Bart l et tJ acki e CassenFrank CavestaniChal l enge f or ChangeCornel l Vi deo GroupBi l l Crest onPabl o FerroPhi l Gai tue : ;Mchael Ci l burdG obalLee Kam nskiKQFD San Franci scoSandy LeederRochard T: c , - e nDer ;i : i . i: l . 11 s

11-C a Co - opNam J une _Pai kJ ames Past ernak

Peopl e' s Vi deoRai ndance Corporat i onPaul RyanShanker SanyalLou Sel enerJ i m She . donEri c Si eSelDavi d Si 1vcrTomTadl ock

TVx, LondonUni versi ty of QuebecWoody and Sterna Vasul kaVi deo Free Ameri caVi deof reexVi deosphereVi sual I nf ormat i on SystemWGBH BostonDougl as Ldhi t eJ oshua Whi te

CONTRI BUTI NG ARTI STS*

Thi s i s an i ncompl ete l i st . We are recei vi ng addi t i onal t apesand i deas f rom r ,, any sources dai l y .

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