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Vietnam WarChapter 22Section 1 &2
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Beginning
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DnSUBFEHmB0
• 1950
• French Indochina War• France = trying to gain control back in Vietnam• America Supports France • Massive economic aide’• Stop communism
• France ruled• Vietnam• Laos• Cambodia
• Restricted freedom of speech = jailed nationalists
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Vietnam
• Revolutionaries fled to China
• Ho Chi Minh • Created the Indochinese Communist Party• Returned home with help and formed:
• Vietminh• Organization who wanted independence from foreign
rule in Vietnam
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France Battle Vietminh
• France not giving up
• Ho Chi Minh fights from the North
• Truman send $15 million to France• Next 4 years U.S. pays for much of the war = $1 Billion
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Drive out the French
• Battle of Dien Vien Phu• French forced to surrender - May 1954
• Countries meet to decide the fate of Vietnam• Peace agreement• Geneva Accords• Temporarily divide Vietnam
• 17th parallel
• Ho Chi Minh controlled the north = Capital Hanoi
• Diem controlled the south = Capital Saigon
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U.S. Steps In
• US aides South Vietnam
• Ho Chi Minh winning support from the North• Land redistributing to Peasants• National Hero
• Diem refused to take part in elections• Not holding up his part of bargain• Corrupt government• Suppressed opposition• Angered Buddhists = restricted practices• (he was catholic)
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Cont.
• 1957• Vietcong• Communist opposition group in the South• Attack Diem’s government• Assassinating thousands• Supported by Ho Chi Minh• Suppling arms
• Ho Chi Minh Trail
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Kennedy
• Kennedy increases aide• Troops sent to train the South• 1963 = 16,000
• Diem’s popularity plummets• Corruption• Moved villagers• Attacks intensified on
Buddhism• Killed 100+• Destroyed temples• Monks burn themselves in
protest
• November 1, 1963• U.S. supported military
coup• Diem assassinated
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Johnson
• Kennedy was going to withdraw
• Johnson escalates U.S. role in the war
• Diem’s death brings more chaos• Unstable because of no clear leader• Vietcong’s influence grows in the South
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Tonkin Gulf Resolution
• August 2, 1964• http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=gYf6JZtVClY
• American destroyer fired upon by North Vietnamese• USS Maddox
• Returned fire
• 2 days later reported more enemy torpedoes• U.S. destroyers began firing
• Johnson retaliates• Launching bombing strikes on North
Vietnam
• Tonkin Gulf Resolution• Gave Johnson broad
military powers in Vietnam
• Blank Check
• Operation Rolling Thunder• 1965 = 50,000
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U.S. involvement and escalation
• Much of America supported Johnson’s attempt to contain communism.
• Began sending large amounts of troops to aide S. Vietnamese.• By end of 196 500,000 American soldiers over there
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Fighting the Viet Cong
• Guerilla Tactics• Hit and run, ambush• No rules• 3.5 million land mines• Civilians still being killed by them
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yl8-dAPCQmQ
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GDzGj0mHMxM• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jo7XBaG_-SE
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War of Attrition
• U.S. goal was to destroy moral of Viet Cong through Attrition. • Gradual wearing down of enemy• Body counts• To the U.S. soldier it was just a military battle, to the
Vietcong it was a battle for their existence.
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Nasty Warfare
• Napalm• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gbEhsqStPTM
• Agent Orange• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J1r8Jn07Oxg
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Sinking moral of U.S. soldiers and citizens
• Brutal warfare took its toll on soldiers• Many resorted to drugs and alcohol• U.S. economy began to falter• Increased protests
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The Living Room War
• Casualties and statistics every night on the news• Between 1961-67 16,000 U.S. soldiers died• No end in sight