Visualizing Off-Screen Locations onSmall Mobile Displays
Sean Gustafson
master of sciencethesis defense
Dec 15 / 2008
2
off-screen viz
overview arrows halo
4
overviews
[Plaisant 95 and many others]
5
fisheye views
fisheye views
[Carpendale 01]
6
simple arrows
[Tecmo Bowl 87]
7
scaled and stretched arrows
[Burigat 06]
8 [Gustafson 07]
edgeradar
9 [Baudisch 03]
halo
10 [Baudisch 03]
halo
11
the problem: clutter
12
the problem: clutter
13
corner
(also not great: corners)
side
14
cut lines color
ovalsclustering
Irani et al.Baudisch & Rosenholtz
initial approaches
separatevisually
16
leg
legtarget
basebasebasebasewedge
18
3 degrees of freedom
rotationbase lengthintrusion
19
avoiding overlap
rotation
base length
intrusion
20
outalgorithmlay
21
avoidance algorithm
22
avoidance algorithm
23
avoidance algorithm
24
avoidance algorithm
25
avoidance algorithm
26
leaves 2 degrees
intrusion ~ distance
base-width ~ distance
28
two interface conditions
halo and wedge
29
halo
task 1: locate
wedge
same as original halo paper
30
halo
task 2: closest
wedge
same as original halo paper
31
halo
task 3: avoid
wedge
same as original halo paper
32
IV: density
sparse dense
33
IV: cornerside
corner
34
36 participants
35
1.wedge is more accurate
2.larger improvement in dense condition
3.larger improvement in corners
(no hypothesis about task time)
hypotheses
37
participants were significantly more accurate when using the wedge
38
error in pixels
locate task
Err
or
(pix
els) 60
40
20
0
SparseDense
Side
Wedge
Halo80
39
error in pixels
locate task
Err
or
(pix
els) 60
40
20
0
SparseDense
Side
Wedge
Halo80
Corner
SparseDense
40
other results
no interesting results from the other tasks or from completion time.
41
other resultsWedge Halo No
Preference
Locate 25 10 1
Avoid 21 13 2
Closest 18 14 4
preferences
42
1.wedge is more accurate
2.larger improvement in dense condition
3.larger improvement in corners
hypotheses
43
elingpointingmod
48
orbitalbeam
beam
55
experiment to gather accuracy data
data collection
56
experiment to gather accuracy data
data collection
distance
legLength1
legLength2 base
Leng
th
57
results50
100
200
300
Depth Error
Dis
tanc
e
-100 0 100 200 300-60
60
0
-60
60
0
-60
60
0
-60
60
0
Bre
ad
th E
rro
r
58
results
Depth Error
-100 0 100 200 300
60
0
-60bias
length
width
59
results - bias
60
results - length
61
minimizing errors
• choose smallest base and leg length that still maintains small orbital and low bias
• base length of at least 50px, 100px for longer distances
• a large leg length (above 8px) does not result in smaller orbital
• avoid heavily rotating wedges
63
1. summary of existing techniques and criteria for evaluating them
2. introduction of Wedge
3. introduction of the concept of degrees of freedom and dynamic layout
4. evaluation of Wedge
5. preliminary model
contributions
66
IV: density2
3 4
1sparse
dense
68
correcting errors
69
correcting errors
71
fiedpointinguniwedge=
72
intrusion 0
citylights
73
aperture 0
stretched arrows
75
round bases
distance information in corner distance information along arc
76
halo
aperture 360
78 locate task
SparseDense
Err
or
(pix
els
) 60
40
20
0SparseDense
SideCorner
Wedge
Halo80
SparseDense
Tim
e (
ms)
3000
2000
1000
SparseDense
SideCorner
Wedge
Halo
0
full results
79 avoid task
full results
SparseDense
Err
or
Ra
te %
50
40
30
20
10
0SparseDense
Wedge
Halo
SideCorner
Tim
e (
ms)
5000
4000
2000
0
SideCorner
Wedge
Halo
SparseDense SparseDense
3000
1000
80 closest task
full results
SparseDense
Err
or
Ra
te %
60
40
20
0SparseDense
WedgeHalo
SideCorner
SparseDenseT
ime
(m
s)
6000
4000
2000
0
SparseDense
SideCorner
WedgeHalo