Proven Solution Guide
EMC GLOBAL SOLUTIONS
Abstract
This Proven Solution Guide provides a detailed summary of the tests performed to validate an EMC infrastructure for virtual desktops enabled by VMware View™ 4.5, with an EMC® VNX5700™ unified storage platform. This paper focuses on sizing and scalability, and highlights new features introduced in EMC VNX™, VMware vSphere™, and VMware® View. EMC unified storage uses advanced technologies like EMC FAST VP and EMC FAST Cache to optimize performance of the virtual desktop environment, helping to support service-level agreements.
May 2011
EMC INFRASTRUCTURE FOR VIRTUAL DESKTOPS ENABLED BY EMC VNX, VMWARE vSPHERE 4.1, VMWARE VIEW 4.5, VMWARE VIEW COMPOSER 2.5, AND CISCO UNIFIED COMPUTING SYSTEMS Proven Solution Guide
EMC Infrastructure for Virtual Desktops enabled by EMC VNX, VMware vSphere 4.1, VMware View 4.5, VMware View Composer 2.5, and
Cisco Unified Computing Systems—Proven Solution Guide
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Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
EMC believes the information in this publication is accurate as of its publication date. The information is subject to change without notice.
The information in this publication is provided “as is.” EMC Corporation makes no representations or warranties of any kind with respect to the information in this publication, and specifically disclaims implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
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For the most up-to-date listing of EMC product names, see EMC Corporation Trademarks on EMC.com.
VMware, VMware vCenter, VMware View, and VMware vSphere are registered trademarks or trademarks of VMware, Inc. in the United States and/or other jurisdictions. Iomega and IomegaWare are registered trademarks or trademarks of Iomega Corporation. All other trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners.
Part Number H8197
Table of contents
EMC Infrastructure for Virtual Desktops enabled by EMC VNX, VMware vSphere 4.1, VMware View 4.5, VMware View Composer 2.5, and
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Table of contents
1 Executive Summary .................................................................................... 12
Introduction to the VNX family of unified storage platforms ................................................ 12
Software suites available .......................................................................................................... 13
Software packs available ........................................................................................................... 13
Business case ..................................................................................................................... 14
Solution overview ............................................................................................................... 14
Key results and recommendations ...................................................................................... 15
2 Introduction ............................................................................................... 16
Introduction to the EMC VNX series ..................................................................................... 16
Document overview ............................................................................................................ 17
Purpose ..................................................................................................................................... 17
Scope ........................................................................................................................................ 17
Audience ................................................................................................................................... 17
Terminology .............................................................................................................................. 18
Technology overview ........................................................................................................... 19
Component list .......................................................................................................................... 19
EMC VNX platform ..................................................................................................................... 19
EMC Unisphere .......................................................................................................................... 19
EMC FAST VP ............................................................................................................................. 20
EMC FAST Cache ........................................................................................................................ 21 Block data compression ............................................................................................................ 21
Cisco Unified Computing System (UCS) ..................................................................................... 21
Solution diagram ................................................................................................................ 22
Configuration ...................................................................................................................... 23
Hardware resources ................................................................................................................... 23
Software resources .................................................................................................................... 24
3 Solution Infrastructure ................................................................................ 25
VMware View infrastructure ................................................................................................ 25
Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 25
VMware View components ......................................................................................................... 25
Hypervisor ................................................................................................................................. 26
VMware View Connection server ................................................................................................ 26
VMware vSphere vCenter/View Composer ................................................................................. 26
View Security server .................................................................................................................. 27
Table of contents
EMC Infrastructure for Virtual Desktops enabled by EMC VNX, VMware vSphere 4.1, VMware View 4.5, VMware View Composer 2.5, and
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VMware View Transfer server ..................................................................................................... 27
Database server ........................................................................................................................ 27
VMware View Agent ................................................................................................................... 27
VMware View Client ................................................................................................................... 27
VMware View Admin Console .................................................................................................... 28
VMware View PowerCLI .............................................................................................................. 28
VMware ThinApp ....................................................................................................................... 28
VMware View virtual desktop infrastructure ........................................................................ 29
Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 29
Baseline .................................................................................................................................... 29
Processor .................................................................................................................................. 30
Memory ..................................................................................................................................... 30
Network ..................................................................................................................................... 31
Storage...................................................................................................................................... 31
vSphere 4.1 infrastructure .................................................................................................. 34
vCenter Server cluster ................................................................................................................ 34
Cisco Technology Overview ................................................................................................. 36
Overview ................................................................................................................................... 36
Cisco Unified Computing System (UCS) B-Series Blade Servers ................................................. 36
Cisco UCS 6100 Series Fabric Interconnects .............................................................................. 37
Cisco Nexus 7000 Series Switches ............................................................................................ 37
Cisco Nexus 1000V Series Switches, Cisco VN-Link technology ................................................. 37
Cisco MDS 9500 Series Multilayer Directors .............................................................................. 38
Windows infrastructure ....................................................................................................... 39
Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 39
Microsoft Active Directory .......................................................................................................... 39
Microsoft SQL Server ................................................................................................................. 39
DNS Server ................................................................................................................................ 39
DHCP Server .............................................................................................................................. 39
4 Network Design .......................................................................................... 40
Considerations ................................................................................................................... 40
Physical design considerations ................................................................................................. 40 Logical design considerations ................................................................................................... 40
Link aggregation ........................................................................................................................ 40
VNX for file network configuration ....................................................................................... 42
Data Mover ports ....................................................................................................................... 42
ESX network configuration .................................................................................................. 44
ESX NIC teaming ........................................................................................................................ 44
Port groups ................................................................................................................................ 44
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Enterprise switch configuration .......................................................................................... 45
Cabling ...................................................................................................................................... 45
Server uplinks ........................................................................................................................... 45
Data Movers .............................................................................................................................. 45
Fibre Channel network configuration .................................................................................. 46
Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 46
Zone configuration .................................................................................................................... 47
5 Installation and Configuration ..................................................................... 48
Installation overview ........................................................................................................... 48
Installing VMware components ........................................................................................... 49
VMware View installation overview ............................................................................................ 49
VMware View setup ................................................................................................................... 49
VMware View desktop pool configuration .................................................................................. 49
PowerPath Virtual Edition .......................................................................................................... 56
Installing storage components ............................................................................................ 57
Create storage pools ................................................................................................................. 57
Enable FAST Cache .................................................................................................................... 59
Configure FAST VP ..................................................................................................................... 61
Configure VNX Home Directory ................................................................................................... 62
6 Testing and Validation ................................................................................ 64
Use case descriptions ......................................................................................................... 64
Use Case 1: FAST Cache with no dedicated replica LUN ............................................................. 64
Use Case 2: FAST Cache with dedicated replica LUNs ................................................................ 65
Use Case 3: A dedicated replica LUN with no FAST Cache .......................................................... 66
Boot storm scenario ............................................................................................................ 67
Overview ................................................................................................................................... 67
Use Case 1: FAST Cache with no dedicated replica LUN ............................................................. 67
Use Case 2: FAST Cache with dedicated replica LUNs ................................................................ 71
Use Case 3: A dedicated replica LUN with no FAST Cache .......................................................... 77
Antivirus scan scenario ....................................................................................................... 83
Overview ................................................................................................................................... 83
Use Case 1: FAST Cache with no dedicated replica LUN ............................................................. 83 Summary .......................................................................................................................................... 83 100-desktop antivirus scan ............................................................................................................... 84 200-desktop antivirus scan ............................................................................................................... 88 300-desktop antivirus scan ............................................................................................................... 93 500-desktop antivirus scan ............................................................................................................... 97
Use Case 2: With FAST Cache and a dedicated replica LUN ...................................................... 102
List of Tables
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Summary ........................................................................................................................................ 102 100-desktop antivirus scan ............................................................................................................. 103 200-desktop antivirus scan ............................................................................................................. 108 300-desktop antivirus scan ............................................................................................................. 114 500-desktop antivirus scan ............................................................................................................. 120
Use Case 3: A dedicated replica LUN with no FAST Cache ........................................................ 126 Summary ........................................................................................................................................ 126 100-desktop antivirus scan ............................................................................................................. 127 200-descktop antivirus scan ........................................................................................................... 132 300-descktop antivirus scan ........................................................................................................... 138 500-desktop antivirus scan ............................................................................................................. 143
Antivirus scenario summary .................................................................................................... 148
Login VSI test scenario ...................................................................................................... 149
Overview ................................................................................................................................. 149
Use Case 1: with FAST Cache and no dedicated replica LUN .................................................... 149 With the Auto Tiering option enabled .............................................................................................. 149 With Performance Tiering option enabled ........................................................................................ 150
Use Case 2: with FAST Cache and with a dedicated replica LUNs ............................................. 156
Use Case 3: A dedicated replica LUN with no FAST Cache ........................................................ 162
7 Conclusion ............................................................................................... 165
Summary .......................................................................................................................... 165
Findings ............................................................................................................................ 165
References ........................................................................................................................ 166
White papers ........................................................................................................................... 166
Cisco documentation ............................................................................................................... 166
Other documentation .............................................................................................................. 166
List of Tables Table 1. VNX features .......................................................................................................................12 Table 2. Terminology ........................................................................................................................18 Table 3. Solution hardware ..............................................................................................................23 Table 4. Solution software ...............................................................................................................24 Table 5. Windows 7 configuration ...................................................................................................29 Table 6. Observed workload ............................................................................................................29 Table 7. Virtual machine per core ....................................................................................................30 Table 8. Required memory per host ................................................................................................31 Table 9. IOPS requirement and disks needed (multiple RAID scenarios) ........................................31 Table 10. Disks needed for RAID 5, RAID 10, RAID 6 ..........................................................................32 Table 11. Disks in storage tiering .......................................................................................................32 Table 12. Spindles used in this solution .............................................................................................33 Table 13. Port groups .........................................................................................................................44
List of Figures
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List of Figures Figure 1. Unisphere Summary page ..................................................................................................20 Figure 2. Solution architecture ..........................................................................................................22 Figure 3. VMware components .........................................................................................................26 Figure 4. Linked clone ........................................................................................................................27 Figure 5. Linked clone virtual machine ..............................................................................................27 Figure 6. Cluster configuration from vCenter Server ........................................................................34 Figure 7. Virtual machines hosted on View-Cluster-2 .......................................................................35 Figure 8. Infrastructure cluster ..........................................................................................................35 Figure 9. Cisco Unified Computing System ........................................................................................36 Figure 10. SQL server databases ..........................................................................................................39 Figure 11. LACP configuration of the Data Mover ports .....................................................................41 Figure 12. VNX5700 Data Mover configuration ..................................................................................42 Figure 13. Virtual interface devices .....................................................................................................42 Figure 14. Interface properties ............................................................................................................43 Figure 15. vSwitch configuration in vCenter Server ............................................................................44 Figure 16. Data Mover port switch configuration ...............................................................................45 Figure 17. Zoning configuration ..........................................................................................................46 Figure 18. Zone configuration for the SAN B fabric .............................................................................47 Figure 19. Persistent automated desktop pools .................................................................................49 Figure 20. Select Automated Pool .......................................................................................................50 Figure 21. User assignment .................................................................................................................50 Figure 22. Select View Composer linked clones ..................................................................................51 Figure 23. Pool identification ..............................................................................................................52 Figure 24. Pool settings .......................................................................................................................52 Figure 25. Select Do not redirect Windows profile .............................................................................53 Figure 26. Provisioning settings ...........................................................................................................53 Figure 27. vCenter settings ..................................................................................................................54 Figure 28. Select the datastores for linked clone images....................................................................55 Figure 29. Guest customization ...........................................................................................................55 Figure 30. Verify your settings .............................................................................................................56 Figure 31. PowerPath as the owner for managing the path of block devices.....................................56 Figure 32. Thin LUNs created ..............................................................................................................57 Figure 33. Auto-Tiering ........................................................................................................................58 Figure 34. Enabling FAST Cache ...........................................................................................................59 Figure 35. FAST Cache configuration ...................................................................................................60 Figure 36. Configuring FAST VP ...........................................................................................................61 Figure 37. Configure the VNX Home Directory feature .......................................................................62 Figure 38. Sample Home Directory configuration ...............................................................................63 Figure 39. FAST Cache with no dedicated replica LUN ........................................................................64 Figure 40. FAST Cache with dedicated replica LUNs ...........................................................................65 Figure 41. Dedicated replica LUN with no FAST Cache .......................................................................66 Figure 42. LUN IOPS and response times for FAST Cache with no dedicated replica LUN .................67 Figure 43. Physical disk IOPS and response times ...............................................................................68 Figure 44. FAST Cache read and write operations ..............................................................................68 Figure 45. SP utilization during boot storm .........................................................................................69 Figure 46. Example boot-time SP utilization .......................................................................................69 Figure 47. ESX memory activity ...........................................................................................................70
List of Figures
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Figure 48. ESX physical disk IOPS and guest latency ...........................................................................70 Figure 49. ESX VAAI statistics ..............................................................................................................71 Figure 50. LUN IOPS and response time ..............................................................................................71 Figure 51. Replica LUN IOPS and response times ................................................................................72 Figure 52. Physical disk IOPS and response time ................................................................................72 Figure 53. FAST Cache hit ratio ............................................................................................................73 Figure 54. SP utilization during the boot storm ..................................................................................73 Figure 55. Example ESX host physical CPU utilization .........................................................................74 Figure 56. ESX server memory .............................................................................................................74 Figure 57. ESX linked clone LUN IOPS and average guest latency ......................................................75 Figure 58. Linked clone ESX disk VAAI statistics ..................................................................................75 Figure 59. ESX replica disk IOPS and average guest latency................................................................76 Figure 60. ESX replica LUN VAAI statistics ...........................................................................................76 Figure 61. Linked clone LUN IOPS and response times .......................................................................77 Figure 62. Replica LUN IOPS and response times ................................................................................78 Figure 63. Physical disk IOPS and response times ...............................................................................78 Figure 64. Service processor (SP) utilization during boot storm .........................................................79 Figure 65. ESX server physical CPU utilization .....................................................................................79 Figure 66. ESX memory during boot storm .........................................................................................80 Figure 67. Linked clone ESX disk IOPS and average guest latency ......................................................80 Figure 68. Linked clone ESX disk VAAI .................................................................................................81 Figure 69. ESX replica disk IOPS and average guest latency................................................................81 Figure 70. ESX replica LUN VAAI statistics ...........................................................................................82 Figure 71. Antivirus scan summary with FAST Cash and no dedicated replica LUN ...........................83 Figure 72. Scan 100 LUN IOPS and response times .............................................................................84 Figure 73. Physical disk IOPS and response times ...............................................................................84 Figure 74. FAST Cache hit ratio ............................................................................................................85 Figure 75. 100-desktop antivirus scan SP utilization ...........................................................................85 Figure 76. ESX processor utilization ....................................................................................................86 Figure 77. ESX server memory utilization ............................................................................................86 Figure 78. 100-desktop antivirus scan ESX LUN IOPS and average guest latency ...............................87 Figure 79. Scan 100 - ESX VAAI statistics .............................................................................................87 Figure 80. Scan 100 - virtual machine disk IOPS and response times .................................................88 Figure 81. 200-desktop antivirus scan LUN IOPS and response times ................................................88 Figure 82. 200-desktop antivirus scan physical disk IOPS and response times ...................................89 Figure 83. 200-desktop antivirus scan FAST Cache Hit ratio ...............................................................89 Figure 84. 200 desktop antivirus scan SP utilization ...........................................................................90 Figure 85. ESX server processor utilization .........................................................................................90 Figure 86. 200-desktop antivirus scan ESX memory utilization ..........................................................91 Figure 87. 200-desktop antivirus scan ESX LUN IOPS and average guest latency ...............................91 Figure 88. ESX VAAI statistics ..............................................................................................................92 Figure 89. 200-desktop antivirus scan virtual machine disk IOPS and latency ...................................92 Figure 90. 300-desktop antivirus scan LUN IOPS and response times ................................................93 Figure 91. 300-desktop antivirus scan physical disk IOPS and response time ....................................93 Figure 92. 300-desktop antivirus scan FAST Cache hit ratio ...............................................................94 Figure 93. 300-desktop antivirus scan SP utilization ...........................................................................94 Figure 94. 300-desktop antivirus scan ESX CPU utilization .................................................................95 Figure 95. 300-desktop antivirus scan ESX memory utilization ..........................................................95 Figure 96. 300-desktop antivirus scan ESX LUN IOPS and average guest latency ...............................96
List of Figures
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Cisco Unified Computing Systems—Proven Solution Guide
Figure 97. 300-desktop antivirus scan .................................................................................................96 Figure 98. 300-desktop antivirus scan virtual machine disk IOPS and latency ...................................97 Figure 99. 500-desktop antivirus scan LUN IOPS and response times ................................................97 Figure 100. 500-desktop antivirus scan physical disk IOPS and response times ...................................98 Figure 101. 500-desktop antivirus scan FAST Cache hit ratio ...............................................................98 Figure 102. 500-desktop antivirus scan service processor utilization ...................................................99 Figure 103. 500-desktop antivirus scan ESX server CPU utilization ......................................................99 Figure 104. 500-desktop antivirus scan ESX server memory utilization .............................................100 Figure 105. 500-desktop antivirus scan ESX disk IOPS and average guest latency .............................100 Figure 106. 500-desktop antivirus scan ESX VAAI statistics ................................................................101 Figure 107. 500-desktop antivirus scan virtual machine disk IOPS and latency .................................101 Figure 108. Antivirus scan summary with FAST Cache and a dedicated replica LUN .........................102 Figure 109. 100-desktop antivirus scan linked clone LUN IOPS and response times ..........................103 Figure 110. 100-desktop antivirus scan replica LUN IOPS and response times ..................................103 Figure 111. 100-desktop antivirus scan physical disk IOPS and response times .................................104 Figure 112. 100-desktop antivirus scan FAST Cache hit ratio .............................................................104 Figure 113. 100-desktop antivirus scan SP utilization .........................................................................105 Figure 114. 100-desktop antivirus scan ESX server CPU utilization ....................................................105 Figure 115. 100-desktop antivirus scan ESX memory utilization ........................................................106 Figure 116. 100-desktop antivirus scan ESX linked clone LUN IOPS and average guest latency ........106 Figure 117. 100-desktop antivirus scan ESX VAAI statistics ................................................................107 Figure 118. 100-desktop antivirus scan ESX replica LUN IOPS and average guest latency .................107 Figure 119. 100-desktop antivirus scan ESX replica LUN VAAI statistics .............................................108 Figure 120. 200-desktop antivirus scan linked clone LUN IOPS and response times ..........................108 Figure 121. 200-desktop antivirus scan replica LUN IOPS and response times ..................................109 Figure 122. 200-desktop antivirus scan physical disk IOPS and response times .................................109 Figure 123. 200-desktop antivirus scan FAST Cache hit ratio .............................................................110 Figure 124. 200-desktop antivirus scan service processor utilization .................................................110 Figure 125. 200-desktop antivirus scan ESX CPU utilization ...............................................................111 Figure 126. 200-desktop antivirus scan ESX memory utilization ........................................................111 Figure 127. 200-desktop antivirus scan ESX LUN IOPS and average guest latency .............................112 Figure 128. 200-desktop antivirus scan ESX linked clone LUN VAAI statistics ....................................112 Figure 129. 200-desktop antivirus scan ESX replica LUN IOPS and average guest latency .................113 Figure 130. 200-desktop antivirus scan ESX replica LUN VAAI statistics .............................................113 Figure 131. 300-desktop antivirus scan linked clone LUN IOPS and response times ..........................114 Figure 132. 300-desktop antivirus scan replica LUN IOPS and response times ..................................114 Figure 133. 300-desktop antivirus scan physical disk IOPS and response times .................................115 Figure 134. 300-desktop antivirus scan FAST Cache hit ratio .............................................................115 Figure 135. 300-desktop antivirus scan service processor utilization .................................................116 Figure 136. 300-desktop antivirus scan ESX CPU utilization ...............................................................116 Figure 137. 300-desktop antivirus scan ESX memory utilization ........................................................117 Figure 138. 300-desktop antivirus scan ESX linked clone LUN IOPS and average guest latency ........117 Figure 139. 300-desktop antivirus scan ESX linked clone LUN VAAI statistics ....................................118 Figure 140. 300-desktop antivirus scan ESX replica LUN IOPS and average guest latency .................119 Figure 141. 300-desktop antivirus scan VAAI statistics for the replica LUN .......................................119 Figure 142. 500-desktop antivirus scan LUN IOPS and response times ..............................................120 Figure 143. 500-desktop antivirus scan replica LUN IOPS and response times ..................................120 Figure 144. 500-desktop antivirus scan physical disk IOPS and response times .................................121 Figure 145. 500-desktop antivirus scan FAST Cache hit ratio .............................................................121
List of Figures
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Figure 146. 500-desktop antivirus scan service processor utilization .................................................122 Figure 147. 500-desktop antivirus scan ESX server CPU utilization ....................................................122 Figure 148. 500-desktop antivirus scan ESX memory utilization ........................................................123 Figure 149. 500-desktop antivirus scan ESX linked clone LUN IOPS and average guest latency ........123 Figure 150. 500-desktop antivirus scan ESX linked clone LUN VAAI statistics ....................................124 Figure 151. 500-desktop antivirus scan ESX replica LUN IOPS and average guest latency .................125 Figure 152. 500-desktop antivirus scan ESX replica LUN VAAI statistics .............................................125 Figure 153. Antivirus scan summary without FAST Cash but with a dedicated replica LUN ...............126 Figure 154. 100-desktop antivirus scan LUN IOPS and response times ..............................................127 Figure 155. 100-desktop antivirus scan replica LUN IOPS and response times ..................................127 Figure 156. 100-desktop antivirus scan physical disk IOPS and response times .................................128 Figure 157. 100-desktop antivirus scan service processor utilization .................................................128 Figure 158. 100-desktop antivirus scan ESX CPU utilization ...............................................................129 Figure 159. 100-desktop antivirus scan ESX memory utilization ........................................................129 Figure 160. 100-desktop antivirus scan ESX linked clone LUN IOPS and average guest latency ........130 Figure 161. 100-desktop antivirus scan ESX linked clone LUN VAAI statistics ....................................130 Figure 162. 100-desktop antivirus scan ESX replica LUN IOPS and average guest latency .................131 Figure 163. 100-desktop antivirus scan ESX replica LUN VAAI statistics .............................................131 Figure 164. 200-desktop antivirus scan LUN IOPS and response time ................................................132 Figure 165. 200-desktop antivirus scan replica LUN IOPS and response times ..................................132 Figure 166. 200-desktop antivirus scan physical disk IOPS and response time ..................................133 Figure 167. 200-desktop antivirus scan service processor utilization .................................................133 Figure 168. 200-desktop antivirus scan ESX server CPU utilization ....................................................134 Figure 169. 200-desktop antivirus scan ESX memory utilization ........................................................134 Figure 170. 200-desktop antivirus scan ESX linked clone LUN IOPS and average guest latency ........135 Figure 171. 200-desktop antivirus scan ESX linked clone LUN VAAI statistics ....................................136 Figure 172. 200-desktop antivirus scanESX replica LUN IOPS and average guest latency ..................137 Figure 173. 200-desktop antivirus scan ESX replica LUN VAAI statistics .............................................137 Figure 174. 300-desktop antivirus scan linked clone LUN IOPS and response times ..........................138 Figure 175. 300-desktop antivirus scan replica LUN IOPS and response times ..................................138 Figure 176. 300-desktop antivirus scan physical disk IOPS and response times .................................139 Figure 177. 300-desktop antivirus scan service processor utilization .................................................139 Figure 178. 300-desktop antivirus scan ESX CPU utilization ...............................................................140 Figure 179. 300-desktop antivirus scan ESX memory utilization ........................................................140 Figure 180. 300-desktop antivirus scan ESX linked clone LUN IOPS and average guest latency ........141 Figure 181. 300-desktop antivirus scan ESX linked clone LUN VAAI statistics ....................................141 Figure 182. 300-desktop antivirus scan replica LUN IOPS and average guest latency ........................142 Figure 183. 300-desktop antivirus scan replica LUN VAAI statistics ...................................................142 Figure 184. 500-desktop antivirus scan linked clone LUN IOPS and response times ..........................143 Figure 185. 500-desktop antivirus scan replica LUN IOPS and resonse times ....................................143 Figure 186. 500-desktop antivirus scan physical disk IOPS and response times .................................144 Figure 187. 500-desktop antivirus scan service process utilization ....................................................144 Figure 188. 500-desktop antivirus scan ESX CPU utilization ...............................................................145 Figure 189. 500-desktop antivirus scan ESX memory utilization ........................................................145 Figure 190. 500-desktop antivirus scan ESX linked clone LUN IOPS and Average guest latency ........146 Figure 191. 500-desktop antivirus scan ESX linked clone LUN VAAI statistics ....................................146 Figure 192. 500-desktop antivirus scan ESX replica LUN IOPS and average guest latency .................147 Figure 193. 500-desktop antivirus scan ESX replica LUN VAAI statistics .............................................147 Figure 194. Average time to scan a single desktop .............................................................................148
List of Figures
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Figure 195. Auto Tiering Login VSI results ...........................................................................................149 Figure 196. Performance Tiering Login VSI results ..............................................................................150 Figure 197. LUN IOPS and response times ..........................................................................................150 Figure 198. Physical disk IOPS and response time ..............................................................................151 Figure 199. FAST Cache read hit ratio .................................................................................................151 Figure 200. FAST Cache write hit ratio ................................................................................................152 Figure 201. FAST Cache hit ratio ..........................................................................................................152 Figure 202. Service processor utilization .............................................................................................153 Figure 203. ESX CPU utilization............................................................................................................153 Figure 204. ESX memory utilization .....................................................................................................154 Figure 205. ESX disk IOPS and average guest latency .........................................................................154 Figure 206. ESX disk VAAI statistics .....................................................................................................155 Figure 207. Virtual machine disk IOPS and latency .............................................................................155 Figure 208. Login VSI test results ........................................................................................................156 Figure 209. LUN IOPS and response times ..........................................................................................156 Figure 210. Replica LUN IOPS and response times ..............................................................................157 Figure 211. FAST Cache read hit ratio .................................................................................................157 Figure 212. FAST Cache write hit ratio ................................................................................................158 Figure 213. FAST Cache hit ratio ..........................................................................................................158 Figure 214. Service processor utilization .............................................................................................159 Figure 215. ESX server CPU utilization.................................................................................................159 Figure 216. ESX server memory utilization ..........................................................................................160 Figure 217. ESX linked clone LUN IOPS and average guest latency ....................................................160 Figure 218. ESX linked clone LUN VAAI statistics ................................................................................161 Figure 219. ESX replica LUN IOPS and average guest latency .............................................................161 Figure 220. ESX replica LUN VAAI statistics .........................................................................................162 Figure 221. Login VSI test results ........................................................................................................162 Figure 222. Linked clone LUN IOPS and response times .....................................................................163 Figure 223. Replica LUN IOPS and response times ..............................................................................163 Figure 224. Physical disk IOPS and response times .............................................................................164 Figure 225. Service process utilization ................................................................................................164
Chapter 1: Executive Summary
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1 Executive Summary This chapter summarizes the proven solution described in this document and includes the following sections:
• Introduction to the VNX family of unified storage platforms
• Business case
• Solution overview
• Key results and recommendations
Introduction to the VNX family of unified storage platforms The EMC® VNX™ family delivers industry-leading innovation and enterprise capabilities for file, block, and object storage in a scalable, easy-to-use solution. This next-generation storage platform combines powerful and flexible hardware with advanced efficiency, management, and protection software to meet the demanding needs of today’s enterprises.
All of this is available in a choice of systems ranging from affordable entry-level solutions to high-performance, petabyte-capacity configurations servicing the most demanding application requirements. The VNXe™ series is purpose-built for the IT manager in entry-level environments, and the VNX series is designed to meet the high-performance, high-scalability requirements of midsize and large enterprises.
The VNX family includes two platform series:
• The VNX series, delivering leadership performance, efficiency, and simplicity for demanding virtual application environments that includes VNX7500™, VNX5700™, VNX5500™, VNX5300™, and VNX5100™
• The VNXe (entry) series with breakthrough simplicity for small and medium businesses that includes VNXe3300™ and VNXe3100™
Customers can benefit from new VNX features described in Table 1:
Table 1. VNX features
Features VNX series
VNXe series
Next-generation unified storage, optimized for virtualized applications
Capacity optimization features including compression, deduplication, thin provisioning, and application-centric copies
High availability, designed to deliver five 9s availability
Chapter 1: Executive Summary
13 EMC Infrastructure for Virtual Desktops enabled by EMC VNX, VMware vSphere 4.1, VMware View 4.5, VMware View Composer 2.5, and
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Features VNX series
VNXe series
Automated tiering with Fully Automated Storage Tiering for Virtual Pools (FAST VP) and FAST Cache that can be optimized for the highest system performance and lowest storage cost simultaneously
Multiprotocol support for file and block protocols
Object access through Atmos™ Virtual Edition (Atmos VE)
Simplified management with EMC Unisphere™ for a single management framework for all NAS, SAN, and replication needs
Up to three times improvement in performance with the latest Intel multicore CPUs, optimized for Flash
Note: VNXe does not support block compression.
EMC provides a single, unified storage plug-in to view, provision, and manage storage resources from VMware vSphere™ across EMC Symmetrix®, VNX family, CLARiiON®, and Celerra® storage systems, helping users to simplify and speed up VMware storage management tasks.
The VNX family includes five new software suites and three new software packs, making it easier and simpler to attain the maximum overall benefits.
• FAST Suite—Automatically optimizes for the highest system performance and the lowest storage cost simultaneously (not available for the VNXe series or the VNX5100).
• Local Protection Suite—Practices safe data protection and repurposing (not applicable to the VNXe3100 as this functionality is provided at no additional cost as part of the base software).
• Remote Protection Suite—Protects data against localized failures, outages, and disasters.
• Application Protection Suite—Automates application copies and proves compliance.
• Security and Compliance Suite—Keeps data safe from changes, deletions, and malicious activity.
• Total Efficiency Pack—Includes all five software suites (not available for the VNX5100 and VNXe series).
• Total Protection Pack—Includes local, remote, and application protection suites (not applicable to the VNXe3100).
Software suites available
Software packs available
Chapter 1: Executive Summary
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• Total Value Pack—Includes all three protection software suites and the Security and Compliance Suite (the VNX5100 and VNXe3100 exclusively support this package).
Business case Customers require a scalable, tiered, and highly available infrastructure on which to deploy their virtual desktop environment. There are several new technologies available to assist them in architecting a virtual desktop solution, but they need to know how to best use these technologies to maximize their investment, support service-level agreements, and reduce their desktop total cost of ownership (TCO).
The purpose of this solution is to build a replica of a common customer virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) environment and to validate the environment for performance, scalability, and functionality. Customers will realize:
• Increased control and security of their global, mobile desktop environment, typically their most at-risk environment
• Better end-user productivity with a more consistent environment
• Simplified management with the environment contained in the data center
• Better support of service-level agreements and compliance initiatives
• Lower operational and maintenance costs
Solution overview This solution provides a detailed summary and characterization of the tests performed to validate an EMC infrastructure for virtual desktops enabled by VMware View 4.5 on an EMC VNX series platform. It involves building a 2,000-seat VMware View 4.5 environment on the EMC unified storage platform and integrates the new features of each of these systems to provide a compelling, cost-effective VDI platform.
This solution incorporates the following components and the EMC VNX5700 platform:
• 2,000 Microsoft Windows 7 virtual desktops
• VMware View Composer 2.5-based linked clones
• Storage tiering (SAS and NL-SAS)
• EMC FAST Cache
• EMC FAST VP
• Sizing and layout of the 2,000-seat VMware View 4.5 environment
• Multipathing and load balancing by EMC PowerPath®/VE
• User data on the CIFS share
• Redundant View Connection Manager
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Key results and recommendations VMware View 4.5 virtualization technology meets user and IT needs, providing compelling advantages compared to traditional physical desktops and terminal services.
EMC VNX5700 brings flexibility to multiprotocol environments. With EMC unified storage, you can connect to multiple storage networks using NAS, iSCSI, and Fibre Channel SAN. EMC unified storage uses advanced technologies like EMC FAST VP and EMC FAST Cache to optimize performance for the virtual desktop environment. EMC unified storage supports vStorage APIs for Array Integration (VAAI), which were introduced in VMware vSphere 4.1. VAAI enables hosts to support more virtual machines per LUN and allows quicker virtual desktop provisioning. Zero paging recognition and transparent page sharing of the vSphere 4.1 feature helps you save memory and therefore allows you to host more virtual desktops per host.
Our team found the following key results during the testing of this solution:
• By using FAST Cache and VAAI, the time to concurrently boot all 2,000 desktops to a usable start was significantly reduced by 25 percent.
• By using a VAAI-enabled storage platform, we were able to store up to 512 virtual machines compared to 64 virtual machines per LUN.
• With VMware transparent page sharing, we observed memory savings of up to 92 GB on a host with 96 GB of RAM, and with less than 2 percent of it swapping to a FAST Cache-enabled LUN.
• Using Flash as FAST Cache for the read and write I/O operations reduced the number of spindles needed to support the required IOPS.
Chapter 2: Introduction
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2 Introduction This chapter introduces the solution and its components, and includes the following sections:
• Introduction to the EMC VNX series
• Document overview
• Technology overview
• Solution diagram
• Configuration
Introduction to the EMC VNX series The EMC VNX series delivers uncompromising scalability and flexibility for the midtier storage users while providing market-leading simplicity and efficiency to minimize total cost of ownership. Customers can benefit from the new VNX features such as:
• Next-generation unified storage, optimized for virtualized applications
• Extended cache using Flash drives with FAST VP that can be optimized for the highest system performance and lowest storage cost simultaneously on both block and file.
• Multiprotocol support for file, block, and object with object access through Atmos Virtual Edition (Atmos VE).
• Simplified management with EMC Unisphere for a single management framework for all NAS, SAN, and replication needs.
• Up to three times improvement in performance with the latest Intel multicore CPUs, optimized for Flash.
• 6 Gb/s SAS back end with the latest drive technologies supported:
3.5-inch 100 GB and 200 GB Flash, 3.5-inch 300 GB, and 600 GB 15k or 10k rpm SAS, and 3.5-inch 2 TB 7.2k rpm NL-SAS
2.5-inch 300 GB and 600 GB 10k rpm SAS
• Expanded EMC UltraFlex™ I/O connectivity—Fibre Channel (FC), Internet Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI), Common Internet File System (CIFS), Network File System (NFS) including parallel NFS (pNFS), Multi-Path File System (MPFS), and Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) connectivity for converged networking over Ethernet.
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Document overview This document provides a detailed summary of the tests performed to validate an EMC infrastructure for virtual desktops enabled by VMware View 4.5, with an EMC VNX5700 unified storage platform. It focuses on the sizing and scalability using features introduced in EMC’s VNX series, VMware vSphere 4.1, and VMware View 4.5. EMC unified storage uses advanced technologies like EMC FAST VP and EMC FAST Cache to optimize the performance of a virtual desktop environment, helping to support service-level agreements.
By integrating EMC VNX unified storage and the new features available in EMC’s VNX series and VMware View 4.5, desktop administrators are able to reduce costs by simplifying storage management and increase capacity utilization.
The purpose of this use case is to provide a virtualized solution for virtual desktops that is powered by VMware View 4.5, View Composer 2.5, VMware vSphere 4.1, EMC VNX series, EMC VNX FAST VP, VNX FAST Cache, and storage pools.
This solution includes all the attributes required to run this environment, such as hardware and software and the required VMware View configuration.
Information in this document can be used as the basis for a solution build, white paper, best practices document, or training. It can also be used by other EMC organizations (for example, the technical services or sales organizations) as the basis for producing documentation for a technical services or sales kit.
The paper contains the results of testing the EMC Infrastructure for Virtual Desktops Enabled by EMC VNX Series, VMware vSphere 4.1, VMware View 4.5, and VMware View Composer 2.5 solution.
Throughout this paper, we assume that you have some familiarity with the concepts and operations related to virtualization technologies and their use in information infrastructure.
This paper discusses multiple EMC products as well as those from other vendors. Some general configuration and operational procedures are outlined. However, for detailed product installation information, refer to the user documentation for those products.
The intended audience of this paper includes:
• Customers
• EMC partners
• Internal EMC personnel
Purpose
Scope
Audience
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Table 2 provides terms frequently used in this paper.
Table 2. Terminology
Term Description
Block data compression
EMC unified storage introduces Block data compression, which allows customers to save and reclaim space anywhere in their production environment with no restrictions. This capability makes storage even more efficient by compressing data and reclaiming valuable storage capacity. Data compression works as a background task to minimize performance overhead. Block data compression also supports thin LUNs, and automatically migrates thick LUNs to thin during compression, freeing valuable storage capacity.
EMC FAST Cache This feature was introduced early with FLARE® release 30 and allows customers to use Flash drives as an expanded cache layer for the array. FAST Cache is an array-wide feature that you can enable for any LUN or storage pool. FAST Cache provides read and write access to the array.
EMC Fully Automated Storage Tiering for Virtual Pools (FAST VP)
EMC has enhanced its FAST technology to work at the sub-LUN level on both file and bock data. This feature works at the storage pool level, below the LUN abstraction. It supports scheduled migration of data to different storage tiers based on the performance requirements of individual 1 GB slices in a storage pool.
VMware Transparent Page Sharing
Transparent page sharing is a method by which redundant copies of memory pages are eliminated. Refer to http://kb.vmware.com/kb/1021095 for more information.
Linked clone A virtual desktop created by VMware View Composer from a writeable snapshot paired with a read-only replica of a master image.
Login VSI A third-party benchmarking tool developed by Login Consultants that simulates a real-world VDI workload by using an AutoIT script and determines the maximum system capacity based on the response time of the users.
Replica A read-only copy of a master image used to deploy linked clones.
Unisphere The centralized interface of the unified storage platforms. Unisphere includes integration with data protection services, provides built-in online access to key support tools, and is fully integrated with VMware.
VDI platform Virtual desktop infrastructure. The server computing model enabling desktop virtualization, encompassing the hardware and software system required to support the virtualized environment.
Terminology
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Term Description
Virtual desktop Desktop virtualization (sometimes called client virtualization), that separates a personal computer desktop environment from a physical machine using a client–server model of computing. The model stores the resulting "virtualized" desktop on a remote central server, instead of on the local storage of a remote client; therefore, when users work from their remote desktop client, all of the programs, applications, processes, and data used are kept and run centrally. This scenario allows users to access their desktops on any capable device, such as a traditional personal computer, notebook computer, smartphone, or thin client.
Technology overview
This section identifies and briefly describes the major components of the validated solution environment. The components are:
• EMC VNX platform
• EMC Unisphere
• EMC FAST Cache
• EMC FAST VP
• Block data compression
The EMC VNX platform brings flexibility to multiprotocol environments. With EMC unified storage, you can connect to multiple storage networks using NAS, iSCSI, and Fibre Channel SAN. EMC unified storage leverages advanced technologies like EMC FAST VP and EMC FAST Cache on VNX OE for block to optimize performance for the virtual desktop environment, helping support service-level agreements. EMC unified storage supports vStorage APIs for Array Integration (VAAI), which were introduced in VMware vSphere 4.1. VAAI enables quicker virtual desktop provisioning and start-up.
EMC Unisphere provides a flexible, integrated experience for managing CLARiiON, Celerra, and VNX platforms in a single pane of glass. This new approach to midtier storage management fosters simplicity, flexibility, and automation. Unisphere's unprecedented ease of use is reflected in intuitive task-based controls, customizable dashboards, and single-click access to real-time support tools and online customer communities.
Unisphere features include:
• Task-based navigation and controls that offer an intuitive, context-based approach to configuring storage, creating replicas, monitoring the environment, managing host connections, and accessing the Unisphere support ecosystem.
• A self-service Unisphere support ecosystem, accessible with one click from Unisphere, that provides users with quick access to real-time support tools, including live chat support, software downloads, product documentation, best
Component list
EMC VNX platform
EMC Unisphere
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practices, FAQs, online communities, ordering spares, and submitting service requests.
• Customizable dashboard views and reporting capabilities that enable at-a-glance management by automatically presenting users with valuable information in terms of how they manage their storage. For example, customers can develop custom reports up to 18 times faster with EMC Unisphere.
• Common management provides a single sign-on and integrated experience for managing both block and file features.
Figure 1 provides an example of the Unisphere Summary page that gives administrators a wealth of detailed information on connected storage systems, from LUN pool and tiering summaries to physical capacity and RAID group information.
Figure 1. Unisphere Summary page
With EMC FAST VP, EMC has enhanced its FAST technology to be more automated with sub-LUN tiering and to support file as well as block. This feature works at the storage pool level, below the LUN abstraction. Where earlier versions of FAST VP operated above the LUN level, FAST VP now analyzes data patterns at a far more granular level. As an example, rather than move an 800 GB LUN to enterprise Flash drives, FAST VP now identifies and monitors the entire storage pool in 1 GB chunks. If data becomes active, then FAST VP automatically moves only these “hot” chunks to a higher tier like Flash. As data cools, FAST VP also correctly identifies which chunks to migrate to lower tiers and proactively moves them. With such granular tiering, it is now possible to reduce storage acquisition while at the same time improve performance and response time. In addition, because FAST VP is fully automated and policy-driven, no manual intervention is required to make this happen, so you save on operating costs as well.
EMC FAST VP
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VNX FAST Cache, a part of the VNX FAST suite, enables Flash drives to be used as an expanded cache layer for the array. FAST Cache has array-wide features available for both file and block storage. FAST Cache works by examining 64 KB chunks of data in FAST Cache enabled objects on the array. Frequently accessed data is copied to the FAST Cache and subsequent accesses to that data chunk are serviced by FAST Cache. This allows immediate promotion of very active data to the Flash drives. This dramatically improves the response time for very active data and reduces the data hot spots that can occur within the LUN.
FAST Cache is an extended read/write cache that can absorb read-heavy activities such as boot storms and antivirus scans, and write-heavy workloads such as operating system patches and application updates.
EMC unified storage introduces block data compression, which allows customers to save and reclaim space anywhere in their production environment with no restrictions. This capability makes storage even more efficient by compressing data and reclaiming valuable storage capacity. Data Compression works as a background task to minimize performance overhead. Block data compression also supports thin LUNs, and automatically migrates thick LUNs to thin during compression, freeing valuable storage capacity.
Cisco UCS provides the computing platform purpose-built for virtualization, delivering a cohesive system that unites computing, networking, and storage access. Cisco UCS integrates a low-latency, lossless 10 Gigabit Ethernet unified network fabric with enterprise-class, x86-architecture servers that scale to the demands of virtualized desktop workloads, without sacrificing performance or application responsiveness. Cisco UCS Manager enables a stateless computing model employing Service Profile Templates that can scale up large pools of fully provisioned computing resources from “bare metal,” within a fraction of the time required by traditional server solutions.
EMC FAST Cache
Block data compression
Cisco Unified Computing System (UCS)
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Solution diagram Figure 2 depicts the logical architecture of this solution.
Figure 2. Solution architecture
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Configuration Table 3 lists the hardware used for this solution.
Table 3. Solution hardware
Hardware Quantity Configuration Notes
EMC VNX5700 1 DAEs configured with:
145 300 GB 15k rpm SAS disks
35 1 TB 7.2k near-line SAS disks
15 200 GB Flash drives
VNX shared storage providing block, file, FAST VP, and FAST Cache
Cisco UCS B200 server blade
16 Two quad-core Intel Xeon 5500 Family
48 GB RAM
Converged network adapter
Two UCS chassis, each hosting 8 blades
8 servers per vSphere cluster. Two clusters, each hosting 500 Windows 7 virtual machines.
Cisco UCS B200 server blade
8 Two quad-core Intel Xeon 5500 Family
96 GB RAM
B200-M2 blade with Xeon 5680 6 core proc
One UCS chassis of 8 blades. For one ESX® cluster hosting 1,000 Windows 7 virtual machines.
Intel server 2 Two quad-core Intel 5400 Family
32 GB RAM
Gigabit quad-port Intel VT
Infrastructure virtual machines (VMware vCenter™, DNS, DHCP, Active Directory, MS SQL Server, View Connection server and Replica Servers)
Cisco Nexus 7000 1 Infrastructure Ethernet switch
Cisco MDS 9509 2 For dual FC fabric
Cisco UCS Chassis
3 For 24 server blades, 6 UCS 2104XP IOMs
Windows 7 virtual desktops
Each 1 vCPU, 1.5 GB RAM, 20 GB VMDK, 1 (network interface card) NIC
Virtual desktops that are created for this solution
Hardware resources
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Table 4 lists the software used with this solution.
Table 4. Solution software
Software Configuration Notes
EMC VNX5700
VNX OE for block
Release 31 Operating environment for the block
EMC VNX5700
VNX OE for file
Release 7.0 Operating environment for the file
VMware vSphere ESX 4.1 Build 260247 Server hypervisor
EMC PowerPath Virtual Edition 5.4 SP2 Multipathing and load balancing for block access.
VMware vCenter Server 4.1 vSphere Management Server
VMware View Manager 4.5 Software hosting virtual desktops
VMware View Composer 2.5 View component that uses linked clone technology to reduce storage size
Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Database that hosts the tables for VMware vCenter, View Composer, and View Events
Microsoft Windows 2008 R2 Operating system for the server environment
EMC Unisphere 1.0 Management tool for EMC VNX series
Microsoft Windows 7 64 bit RTM Operating system for the virtual desktops
VMware Tools 8.3.2 Enhancement tool for the virtual machine
Microsoft Office Office 2007 SP2 Used on the virtual desktops
Cisco UCS 1.2 Firmware, management software
Software resources
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3 Solution Infrastructure This chapter details the infrastructure of each component and includes the following sections:
• VMware View infrastructure
• VMware View virtual desktop infrastructure
• vSphere 4.1 infrastructure
• Windows infrastructure
VMware View infrastructure
VMware View delivers rich and personalized virtual desktops as a managed service from a virtualization platform built to deliver the entire desktop, including the operating system, applications, and user data. VMware View 4.5 provides centralized automated management of these components with increased control and cost savings. VMware View 4.5 improves business agility while providing a flexible high-performance desktop experience for end users across a variety of network conditions.
To provide a virtual desktop experience, VMware View uses various components, each with its own purpose. The components that make up the View environment are:
• Hypervisor
• VMware View Connection server
• VMware vSphere vCenter Server/View Composer
• VMware View Security server
• VMware View Transfer server
• Supported database server like Microsoft SQL Server
• VMware View Agent
• VMware View client
• VMware View Admin Console
• View PowerCLI
• ThinApp
Introduction
VMware View components
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Figure 3 shows the VMware components described in the following sections.
Figure 3. VMware components
Hypervisor is used to host the virtual desktops. To get most of the features, we recommend that you use VMware vSphere 4. The vSphere 4 features such as vSphere API for Array Integration (VAAI), Memory Compression, and Ballooning help to host more virtual desktops on a host.
The VMware View Connection server hosts the LDAP directory and keeps the configuration information of the VMware View Desktop Pools, its associated virtual desktops, and VMware View. This data information can be replicated to other View Connection Replica servers. The Connection server also acts as a connection broker that maintains the desktop assignment. It supports a secure socket layer (SSL) connection to the desktop using remote desktop protocol (RDP) or protocol PC over IP (PCoIP). It also supports RSA® SecurID® two-factor authentication and smart card authentication.
The VMware vSphere vCenter server helps you manage your virtual machines and vSphere ESX hosts and provides high availability (HA) and Distributed Resource Scheduling (DRS) clusters. The VMware vCenter server hosts customization specification that permits cloned virtual machines to join the Active Directory (AD) domain. The View Composer service is installed on the vCenter server that provides storage savings by using linked clone technology to share the hard disk of parent virtual machines as shown in Figure 4.
Hypervisor
VMware View Connection server
VMware vSphere vCenter/View Composer
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Figure 4. Linked clone
The operating system reads from the common read-only replica image and writes to the linked clone. Any unique data created by the virtual desktop is also stored in the linked clone. A logical representation of this relationship is shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5. Linked clone virtual machine
The View Security server is a different type of View Connection server. It supports two network interfaces—one to a private enterprise network and the other to the public network. It is typically used in a DMZ and enables users outside the organization to securely connect to their virtual desktops.
The VMware View Transfer server is another type of View Connection server that is required when you use the local mode feature. The Transfer server can use the CIFS share on VNX files to store the published image. The local mode allows users to work on a virtual desktop disconnected from the network and later synchronizes the changes with the View environment.
The VMware View supported database server is used to host the tables used by View Composer and can optionally store the VMware View events.
VMware View Agent is installed on the virtual desktop template and is deployed to all virtual desktops. It provides communication to the View Connection server and enables options for USB redirection, virtual printing, PCoIP server, and Smartcard over PCoIP.
VMware View Client software is used to connect to the virtual desktops using the connection broker. View Client allows users to print locally from their virtual desktop, and with the proper configuration, users can access USB devices locally.
View Security server
VMware View Transfer server
Database server
VMware View Agent
VMware View Client
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VMware View Admin Console is a browser-based administration tool for VMware View and is hosted on the View Connection server.
VMware View PowerCLI provides the basic management of VMware View using Windows Powershell. It allows administrators to script some basic VMware View operations and can be used along with other Powershell scripts.
VMware ThinApp is an application virtualization product for enterprise desktop administrators and application owners. It enables rapid deployment of applications to physical and virtual desktops. ThinApp links the application, the ThinApp runtime, the virtual file system, and the virtual registry into a single package. The CIFS share on EMC VNX file can be used as a repository and to deploy the ThinApp to the virtual desktops.
VMware View Admin Console
VMware View PowerCLI
VMware ThinApp
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VMware View virtual desktop infrastructure
This section provides information on how we designed our solution for hosting 2,000 users in a VMware View environment on EMC VNX series.
A Windows 7 desktop is loaded with the required applications and fine tuned for the virtual machine load. This includes removing unnecessary scheduled tasks, configurations, and services. For further details, refer to http://www.vmware.com/files/pdf/VMware-View-OptimizationGuideWindows7-EN.pdf
The configuration of the Windows 7 virtual machine is defined in Table 5.
Table 5. Windows 7 configuration
Device Configuration Notes
Processor 1 vCPU
Memory 1.5 GB
Hard disk 20 GB Replica on Flash, delta on SAS. No FAST Cache. No disposable disk. 64 K allocation unit.
Network interface card 1 vNIC
We ran a medium workload on a single virtual machine using Login VSI and observed the workload with a two-second interval during the execution of the test as described in Table 6.
Table 6. Observed workload
Login VSI Test - Medium Workload
OS User data disk Virtual machine
Read IOPS
Write IOPS
Total IOPS
Read IOPS
Write IOPS
Total IOPS
Active RAM
% Processor run time
Network total MB/s
Average 5.41 2.89 8.3 0.07 3.55 3.62 454 9 0.73
95th percentile 17.44 9.87 27.31 0 15.19 15.19 537.6 34.33 5.36
Max 402.56 67.77 470.33 14.36 43.08 57.44 537.6 99.45 18.01
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Baseline
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The server used in this solution has two quad-core Intel Xeon 5500 processors. The average CPU load during the test is 9 percent. Therefore, we can run approximately 10 virtual machines per core. One host can run 2 × 4 × 10=80 virtual machines. The Intel Nehalem architecture is very efficient with hyper-threading and allows 50 to 80 percent more clients. This means it can run 1.5 × 80=120 to 1.8 × 80=144 virtual machines per host.
While using linked clones, up to eight hosts are allowed in a cluster. Leaving one node as failover capacity, with seven hosts, we can run 144×7=1008 virtual machines. One cluster can host 1,000 virtual desktops. Without considering the Intel Nehalem features, the cluster can host 80×7=560 virtual desktops. To host 2,000 virtual desktops, we need two to four clusters, which are about 128 to 256 processors in total. In a non-VDI environment, deploying 2,000 desktops would require 2,000 processors.
With hyper-threading, we are able to host 1,000 VMs per cluster and without hyper-threading, we are able to host only 500 VMs per cluster. Thus, we are able to double the number of hosts per cluster when using hyper-threading. In our solution, we use hyper-threading with three clusters; one with 1,000 users and other two with 500 users each. The 500-user cluster has extra room for processor intensive workloads.
Table 7 provides a summary of virtual machines per core.
Table 7. Virtual machine per core
Case Complete cluster Cluster with one node down
1000-user cluster 16 virtual machines per core 18 virtual machines per core
500-user cluster 8 virtual machines per core 9 virtual machines per core
One Windows 7 virtual machine is assigned 1.5 GB of memory. Without using VMware vSphere 4.1 features, it would require at least 9×8×1.5=108 GB to 18×8×1.5= 216 GB per host. VMware vSphere 4.1 provides features such as Transparent Page Sharing, ballooning, compression, recognition of zeroed pages, and memory compression that allows us to overcommit the memory to obtain a better consolidation ratio.
During the baseline workload, we observed about 540 MB used in active memory. The memory overhead was 179 MB; the hypervisor used 578 MB for the 48 GB host and 990 MB for the 96 GB host, and the service console memory was 561 MB. Based on this workload, we require 103 GB determined by the following calculation:
((9×8×(540+179) +578+561)/1024) = 52 GB to ((18×8×(540+179) +990+561)/1024) = 103 GB
VMware vSphere uses the above-mentioned features before it uses the swap memory. The FAST Cache on EMC’s VNX series storage platform does provide better response time compared to swapping the memory to SAS disks. Another option is to consider having a solid-state drive (SSD) on each host to host the vSwap. This may impact vMotion and also adds complexity to the environment. It is, therefore, advantageous to have the swap served by the FAST Cache on the EMC array.
Processor
Memory
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Table 8 provides a summary of the memory required per host.
Table 8. Required memory per host
Case
RAM/host min required (Complete Cluster)
RAM / host min required (Cluster with one node down)
RAM/ host used on this solution
1,000 User Cluster 91 GB 103 GB 96 GB
500 User Cluster 46 GB 52 GB 48 GB
We used 1,536 GB in total for hosting 2,000 virtual desktops. In a typical case, 1.5 GB per desktop will not be available, instead 2 GB will be used, which would require 4,000 GB in total. Still, virtual desktops can provide better boot-up time compared to that of the traditional personal computer.
Based on the workload, we found one virtual machine requires approximately 18 Mb/s. So, a 100 Mb/s card can support five to six virtual machines per NIC, a 1 GB NIC can support 50 to 60 virtual machines per NIC, and a 10 GB NIC can support 500 to 600 virtual machines per NIC. The Converged Network Adapter (CNA) running at 50 percent bandwidth can support 250 to 300 virtual machines per CNA.
Note: This is just a rough estimate and we must always watch for the network load and look for the percent packet drops. If the value is high, check the network configuration and consider adding another NIC. In this solution, we used two CNAs per host to provide fault tolerance. For 2,000 virtual desktops, we used 2×8×3= 48 NICs. In a traditional desktop scenario, 2,000 desktops require 2,000 NICs.
The number of spindles required for hosting 2,000 user desktops is calculated using both the IOPS requirement and the capacity needed. Based on the workload, we observed 8.3 IOPS per virtual desktop on average. The maximum and 95th percentile is based on the time interval of the data. The sizing on the average IOPS can yield good performance for the virtual desktops operating in a steady state. However, this leaves insufficient headroom in the array to absorb high I/O peaks. To combat the issue of I/O storms, there should be two to three times the average to absorb that load. Table 9 details the IOPS requirement and Table 10 describes the disks needed by various RAID levels to meet that IOPS.
Table 9. IOPS requirement and disks needed (multiple RAID scenarios)
Item Value
Number of Windows 7 desktops 2,000
IOPS per Windows 7 virtual machines 9
Total host IOPS (HI) 18,000
% Read 65
% Write 35
Network
Storage
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Table 10. Disks needed for RAID 5, RAID 10, RAID 6
Item Value
Total disk IOPS for RAID 5 (R5IO = HI × %R + HI×4×%W) 36,900
Number of SAS drives alone (R5IO/180) 205
Number of NL-SAS drives alone (R5IO/80) 462
Total disk IOPS for RAID 10 (R10IO = HI×%R + HI×2×%W) 24,300
Number of SAS drives alone (R10IO/180) 135
Number of Flash drives alone (R10IO/2500) 10
Number of NL-SAS drives (R10IO/80) 304
Total Disk IOPS for RAID 6 (R6IO = HI×%R + HI×6×%W) 49,500
Number of SAS drives alone (R6IO/180) 275
Number of NL-SAS drives alone (R6IO/80) 619
In keeping with the same IOPS and to increase performance or capacity, four SAS drives can be replaced with 9 NL-SAS, 125 SAS drives can be replaced with 9 Flash drives, and 125 NL-SAS drives can be replaced with 4 Flash drives. For a mix of 68 percent SAS, 1 percent NL-SAS, and 31 percent Flash, we need the disks as shown in Table 11 for various RAID options.
Table 11. Disks in storage tiering
Storage IOPS 36,900 (RAID 5) 49,500 (RAID 6) 24,300 (RAID 10)
SAS drive count 140 192 92
NL SAS drive count 5 12 4
Flash drive count 6 8 4
When considering the storage size of virtual desktops, VMware View Composer reduces the size required by using linked clone technology. Linked clones are dependent virtual machines linked to the replica virtual machine. A replica virtual machine is a thin provisioned copy of the master virtual machine. We deployed a 20 GB hard disk for the operating system to the master virtual machine. The files occupy 13 GB and, therefore, the replica virtual machine disk size is 13 GB.
In the desktop pool, we use a file share on the VNX array to host the user profile and data. A disposable disk that contains the temporary files and windows paging file is used to minimize the expansion of delta disks and, therefore, reduces the refresh frequency to the virtual machine.
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The size of a virtual desktop is the size of the delta disk plus two times the memory size of the virtual machine plus 2 MB for internal disk plus the disposable disk and log size.
Considering 1 GB for the delta disk, it requires approximately 6 GB for one linked clone.
VMware View 4.5 supports 512 linked clones from a single replica. To host 500 virtual desktops, we need 3 TB. With the current VMFS version, the maximum size that is supported is 2 TB minus 512 bytes. This means that we need to split them into two datastores. To host 2,000 virtual desktops, we need eight datastores of 2 TB to allow additional space for growth. Therefore, we need 16 TB in total for the linked clones.
If linked clones are not used, it requires 25 GB per virtual machine in thick format or 18 GB per virtual machine using thin disks.
This solution uses 200 GB Flash, 300 GB SAS, and 2 TB NL-SAS disks. The usable raw capacities are 180 GB Flash, 268 GB SAS, and 1.8 TB NL-SAS.
With four Flash drives in RAID 10, 360 GB is dedicated for the replica with a RAID 5 mix of SAS and NL-SAS, and it gives 37 TB. With a RAID 10 mix of SAS and NL-SAS, we have 16 TB. With RAID 10, we use fewer spindles and that data does not grow much compared to user data.
With a dedicated datastore for the replica, the space that is required on the replica LUN is approximately 39 GB for three virtual desktop pools. Any data accessed three times in a given period normally resides in FAST Cache. To maximize the use of Flash, we elected to use it as FAST Cache. Table 12 describes the drives used in this solution.
Table 12. Spindles used in this solution
Drive Linked clone – RAID 10
User data- RAID 6
Hot spare FAST Cache
Flash 0 0 1 14
NL-SAS 4 32 2 NA
SAS 92 48 5 NA
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vSphere 4.1 infrastructure
VMware vSphere 4.1 is the market-leading virtualization hypervisor used across thousands of IT environments around the world. VMware vSphere 4.1 can transform or virtualize computer hardware resources, including CPU, RAM, hard disk, and network controller, to create a fully functional virtual machine that runs its own operating system and applications just like a physical computer.
The high-availability features in VMware vSphere 4.1 along with VMware Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS) and Storage vMotion® enable seamless migration of virtual desktops from one ESX server to another with minimal or no impact to customer usage.
Figure 6 shows the cluster configuration from vCenter Server. The clusters View-Cluster-1 and View-Cluster-2 host 500 virtual desktops, while View-Cluster-5 hosts 1,000 virtual desktops.
Figure 6. Cluster configuration from vCenter Server
vCenter Server cluster
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Figure 7 shows the virtual machines hosted on View-Cluster-2, its failover capacity, and its memory utilization.
Figure 7. Virtual machines hosted on View-Cluster-2
The infrastructure cluster hosts the SQL Server, vCenter, domain controller, and View Connection servers as shown in Figure 8.
Figure 8. Infrastructure cluster
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Cisco Technology Overview
Figure 9 displays the Cisco UCS components described in this section.
Figure 9. Cisco Unified Computing System
Cisco UCS B-Series Blade Servers are designed for compatibility, performance, energy efficiency, large memory footprints, manageability, and unified I/O connectivity:
• Compatibility: Cisco UCS B-Series Blade Servers are designed around multicore Intel Xeon 5500, 5600, 6500 and 7500 Series processors, DDR3 memory, and an I/O bridge. Each blade server's front panel provides direct access for video, two USB, and console connections.
• Performance: Cisco's blade servers use the Intel Xeon next-generation server processors, which deliver intelligent performance, automated energy efficiency, and flexible virtualization. Intel Turbo Boost Technology automatically boosts processing power through increased frequency and use of hyper-threading to deliver high performance when workloads demand and thermal conditions permit. Intel Virtualization Technology provides best-in-class support for virtualized environments, including hardware support for direct connections between virtual machines and physical I/O devices.
• Energy efficiency: Most workloads vary over time. Some workloads are bursty on a moment-by-moment basis, while others have predictable daily, weekly, or monthly cycles. Intel Intelligent Power Technology monitors the CPU utilization and automatically reduces energy consumption by putting processor cores into a low-power state based on real-time workload characteristics.
Overview
Cisco Unified Computing System (UCS) B-Series Blade Servers
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• Large-memory-footprint support: As each processor generation delivers even more power to applications, the demand for memory capacity to balance CPU performance increases as well. The widespread use of virtualization increases memory demands even further due to the need to run multiple OS instances on the same server. Cisco blade servers with Cisco Extended Memory Technology can support up to 384 GB per blade.
• Manageability: The Cisco Unified Computing System is managed as a cohesive system. Blade servers are designed to be configured and managed by Cisco UCS Manager, which can access and update blade firmware, BIOS settings, and RAID controller settings from the parent Cisco UCS 6100 Series Fabric Interconnect. Environmental parameters are also monitored by Cisco UCS Manager, reducing the number of points of management.
• Unified I/O: Cisco UCS B-Series Blade Servers are designed to support up to two network adapters. This design can reduce the number of adapters, cables, and access-layer switches by as much as half because it eliminates the need for multiple parallel infrastructure for both LAN and SAN at the server, chassis, and rack levels. This design results in reduced capital and operating expenses through lower administrative overhead and power and cooling requirements.
A core part of the Cisco Unified Computing System, the Cisco UCS 6100 Series Fabric Interconnects provide both network connectivity and management capabilities to all attached blades and chassis. The Cisco UCS 6100 Series offers line-rate, low-latency, lossless 10 Gigabit Ethernet and FCoE functions. The interconnects provide the management and communication backbone for the Cisco UCS B-Series Blades and UCS 5100 Series Blade Server Chassis.
The Cisco Nexus 7000 Series offers an end-to-end solution for data center core, aggregation, and high-density end-of-row and top-of-rack server connectivity in a single platform. The Cisco Nexus 7000 Series platform is run by Cisco NX-OS software. It is specifically designed for the most mission-critical place in the network, the data center.
Cisco Nexus 1000V Series Switches are virtual machine access switches that are an intelligent software switch implementation based on IEEE 802.1Q standard for VMware vSphere environments running the Cisco NX-OS Software operating system. Operating inside the VMware ESX hypervisor, the Cisco Nexus 1000V Series supports Cisco VN-Link server virtualization technology to provide:
• Policy-based virtual machine connectivity
• Mobile virtual machine security and network policy
• An undisruptive operational model for server virtualization and networking teams
Cisco UCS 6100 Series Fabric Interconnects
Cisco Nexus 7000 Series Switches
Cisco Nexus 1000V Series Switches, Cisco VN-Link technology
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The Cisco MDS 9500 Series Multilayer Director layers a broad set of intelligent features onto a high-performance, open-protocol switch fabric. Addressing the stringent requirements of large data center storage environments, it provides high availability, security, scalability, ease of management, and transparent integration of new technologies.
Cisco MDS 9500 Series Multilayer Directors
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Windows infrastructure Microsoft Windows provides the infrastructure used to support the virtual desktops and includes the following components:
• Microsoft Active Directory
• Microsoft SQL Server
• DNS Server
• DHCP Server
The Windows domain controller runs the Active Directory service that provides the framework to manage and support the virtual desktop environment. Active Directory provides several functions to help you:
• Manage the identities of users and their information
• Apply group policy objects
• Deploy software and updates
Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database management system (RDBMS). SQL Server 2008 is used to provide the required databases to vCenter Server, View Composer, and View Events as shown in Figure 10.
Figure 10. SQL server databases
DNS is the backbone of Active Directory and provides the primary name resolution mechanism of Windows servers and clients. In this solution, the DNS role is enabled on the domain controller.
The DHCP Server provides the IP address, DNS Server name, gateway address, and other information to the virtual desktops. In this solution, we enabled the DHCP role on the domain controller.
Introduction
Microsoft Active Directory
Microsoft SQL Server
DNS Server
DHCP Server
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4 Network Design This chapter describes the network design used in this solution and contains the following sections:
• Considerations
• VNX for file network configuration
• Enterprise switch configuration
• Fibre Channel network configuration
Considerations
EMC recommends that switches support gigabit Ethernet (GbE) connections and Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP), and the ports on switches support copper-based media.
This validated solution uses virtual local area networks (VLANs) to segregate network traffic of various types to improve throughput, manageability, application separation, high availability, and security.
The IP scheme for the virtual desktop network must be designed so that there are enough IP addresses in one or more subnets for the DHCP Server to assign them to each virtual desktop.
VNX platforms provide network high availability or redundancy by using link aggregation. This is one of the methods used to address the problem of link or switch failure.
Link aggregation is a high-availability feature that enables multiple active Ethernet connections to appear as a single link with a single MAC address and potentially multiple IP addresses.
In this solution, LACP is configured on VNX, which combines eight GbE ports into a single virtual device. If a link is lost in the Ethernet port, the link fails over to another port. All network traffic is distributed across the active links. Figure 11 shows the LACP configuration of the Data Mover ports on the Ethernet switch.
Physical design considerations
Logical design considerations
Link aggregation
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Figure 11. LACP configuration of the Data Mover ports
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VNX for file network configuration
VNX5700 consists of two Data Movers, which can be configured in an active/active or active/passive configuration. In this solution, the Data Movers operate in the active/passive mode. In the active/passive configuration, the passive Data Mover serves as a failover device for the active Data Mover.
The VNX5700 Data Mover is configured with two UltraFlex™ I/O modules with each consisting of four 1 Gb interfaces. It is configured to use LACP with all Data Mover ports as shown in Figure 12.
Figure 12. VNX5700 Data Mover configuration
The lacp0 device was used to support virtual machine traffic, home folder access, and external access for roaming profiles. The virtual interface devices were created on the same LACP for each VLAN that requires access to the Data Mover interfaces as shown in Figure 13.
Figure 13. Virtual interface devices
Data Mover ports
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Figure 14 shows the properties of a single interface where the VLAN ID and Maximum Transfer Unit (MTU) are set.
Figure 14. Interface properties
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ESX network configuration
All network interfaces in this solution use 10 GbE connections. The server Ethernet ports on the switch are configured as trunk ports and use VLAN tagging at the port group to separate the network traffic between various port groups. Figure 15 shows the vSwitch configuration in vCenter Server.
Figure 15. vSwitch configuration in vCenter Server
Table 13 lists the configured port groups.
Table 13. Port groups
Configured port groups Used to
Virtual machine network Provide external access for administrative virtual machines
Service Console Manage public network administration traffic
Desktop-Network Provide a network connection for virtual desktops and LAN traffic
ESX NIC teaming
Port groups
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Enterprise switch configuration In this solution, we spread the ESX server and VNX Data Mover cabling evenly across two line cards to provide redundancy and load balancing of the network traffic.
The server uplinks to the switch are configured in a port channel group to increase the utilization of server network resources and to provide redundancy. The vSwitches are configured to load balance the network traffic on the originating port ID.
We used the following configuration for one of the server ports in this solution:
switchport switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q switchport mode trunk no ip address
spanning-tree portfast trunk
The network ports for each VNX5700 Data Mover are connected to the Ethernet switch. The ports are configured with LACP, which provides redundancy in case of a NIC or port failure.
Figure 16 shows an example of the switch configuration for one of the Data Mover ports.
Figure 16. Data Mover port switch configuration
Cabling
Server uplinks
Data Movers
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Fibre Channel network configuration
Enterprise-class FC switches are used to provide the storage network for this solution. The switches are configured in a SAN A/SAN B configuration to provide fully redundant fabrics.
Each server has a single connection to each fabric to provide load-balancing and failover capabilities. Each storage processor has two links to the SAN fabrics for a total of four available front-end ports. The zoning is configured so that each server has four available paths to the storage array. Figure 17 confirms that information from the vCenter interface.
Figure 17. Zoning configuration
Introduction
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This solution uses single initiator and multiple target zoning. Each server initiator is zoned to two storage targets on the array. Figure 18 shows the zone configuration for the SAN B fabric.
Figure 18. Zone configuration for the SAN B fabric
Zone configuration
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5 Installation and Configuration This chapter describes how to install and configure this solution and includes the following sections:
• Installation overview
• Installing VMware components
• Installing Storage components
Installation overview
This section describes how to configure both the VMware and storage components in this solution, including:
• Desktop pools
• Storage pools
• FAST Cache
• Auto-tiering (FAST VP)
• VNX Home Directory
• PowerPath/VE
The installation and configuration steps for the following components are available on the VMware website www.vmware.com:
• VMware View Connection Server
• VMware View Composer 2.5
• VMware ESX 4.1
• VMware vSphere 4.1
The installation and configuration of the following components are not covered:
• Microsoft System Center Configuration Manager (SCCM)
• Microsoft Active Directory, DNS, and DHCP
• vSphere and its components
• Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2
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Installing VMware components
The VMware View Installation Guide available on the VMware website has detailed procedures to install View Connection Server and View Composer 2.5. There are no special configuration instructions required for this solution.
The ESX Installable and vCenter Server Setup Guide available on the VMware website has detailed procedures to install vCenter Server and ESX and is not covered in further detail in this paper. There are no special configuration instructions required for this solution.
Before deploying the desktop pools, ensure that the following steps from the VMware View Installation Guide have been completed:
• Prepare Active Directory
• Install View Composer 2.5 on vCenter Server
• Install View Connection Server (standard and replica)
• Add a vCenter Server instance to View Manager
One desktop pool is created for each vSphere cluster. Two pools will host 500 desktops and the other will host 1,000 desktops. In this solution, persistent automated desktop pools are used as shown in Figure 19.
Figure 19. Persistent automated desktop pools
To create a persistent automated desktop pool as configured for this solution, complete the following steps:
1. Log in to the VMware View Administration page, which is located at https://server/admin, where “server” is the IP address or DNS name of the View Manager server.
2. Click the Pools link in the left pane.
3. Click Add under the Pools banner.
4. In the Type page, select Automated Pool as shown in Figure 20, and click Next.
VMware View installation overview
VMware View setup
VMware View desktop pool configuration
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Figure 20. Select Automated Pool
5. In the User assignment page, select Dedicated and select the Enable automatic assignment checkbox as shown in Figure 21, and click Next.
Figure 21. User assignment
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6. In the vCenter Server page, select View Composer linked clones and select a vCenter Server that supports View Composer, as shown in Figure 22. Click Next.
Figure 22. Select View Composer linked clones
7. In the Pool Identification page, enter the required information as shown in Figure 23, and click Next. The pool ID is used by the View Administrators and the Display name is what the users will see in the View Client.
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Figure 23. Pool identification
8. In the Pool Settings page, make any required changes as shown in Figure 24, and click Next.
Figure 24. Pool settings
9. In the View Composer Disks page, select Do not redirect Windows profile, and click Next.
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Figure 25. Select Do not redirect Windows profile
10. In the Provisioning Settings page, select a name for the desktop pool and enter the number of desktops to provision, as shown in Figure 26. Click Next. {n:fixed=4} increments the desktop numbering with 4 digits padded. We used the pool ID at the end to easily associate the desktop name to its pool.
Figure 26. Provisioning settings
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11. In the vCenter Settings page, browse to select a default image, a folder for the virtual machines, the cluster hosting the virtual desktops, the resource pool to hold the desktops, and the data stores that will be used to deploy the desktops as shown in Figure 27, and then click Next.
Figure 27. vCenter settings
12. In the Select Datastores page, select the datastores for linked clone images, and then click OK. We used Aggressive as the Storage Overcommit option to allow more desktops per virtual provisioned datastore as shown in Figure 28.
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Figure 28. Select the datastores for linked clone images
13. In the Guest Customization page, select the domain and AD container, and then select Use a customization specification (Sysprep). Click Next.
Figure 29. Guest customization
14. In the Ready to Complete page (shown in Figure 30), verify the settings for the pool, and then click Finish to start the deployment of the virtual desktops.
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Figure 30. Verify your settings
PowerPath/VE 5.4.1 supports ESX 4.1. The EMC PowerPath/VE for VMware vSphere Installation and Administration Guide available on Powerlink® provides the procedure to install and configure PowerPath/VE. There are no special configuration instructions required for this solution.
The PowerPath/VE binaries and support documentation are available on Powerlink. Figure 31 shows that PowerPath is managing the block devices on the ESX host.
Figure 31. PowerPath as the owner for managing the path of block devices
PowerPath Virtual Edition
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Installing storage components
Storage pools in the EMC VNX OE support heterogeneous drive pools. In this solution, we configured a 96-disk pool with RAID 10 from 92 SAS disks and four near-line SAS drives. From this storage pool, we created 8 thin LUNs, each 2,047 GB in size as shown in Figure 32.
Figure 32. Thin LUNs created
Create storage pools
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For each LUN in the storage pool, the tiering policy is set to Auto Tiering as shown in Figure 33. As data ages and is used infrequently, it is moved to the near-line SAS drives in the pool.
Figure 33. Auto-Tiering
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FAST Cache is enabled as an array-wide feature in the system properties of the array in Unisphere as shown in Figure 34.
Figure 34. Enabling FAST Cache
Enable FAST Cache
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From the Storage System Properties dialog box, click the FAST Cache tab, click Create, and then select the eligible Flash drives to create the FAST Cache as shown in Figure 35. There are no user-configurable parameters for the FAST Cache.
Figure 35. FAST Cache configuration
FAST Cache is enabled for all LUNs in this solution. The replica images are provisioned on all datastores allocated to that pool. But, as the data gets frequently accessed, it ends up in FAST Cache.
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To configure the FAST VP feature for a pool LUN, go to the properties for a pool LUN in Unisphere, click the Tiering tab, and set the tiering policy for the LUN as shown in Figure 36.
Figure 36. Configuring FAST VP
Configure FAST VP
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The VNX Home Directory installer is available on the NAS Tools website and the application CD for each VNX OE for file release. You can also download the software from Powerlink.
With this feature, you can create a unique share called “HOME,” redirect data to this path based on specific criteria, and provide the user with exclusive rights to the folder.
After installing the VNX Home Directory feature, use the Microsoft Management Console (MMC) snap-in to configure the feature. Figure 37 shows a sample configuration.
Figure 37. Configure the VNX Home Directory feature
The sample configuration shown in Figure 38 shows how to automatically create a user Home Directory for any user in domain view45 in the Homedirs folder on the View45 file system.
\View45\Homedirs\<user>
For example, when user1 logs in, that user will see that \\VNXFILE\HOME points to \View45\Homedirs\User1 on the Data Mover. For user2, \\VNXFILE\Home points to \View45\Homedirs\User2.
Configure VNX Home Directory
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Figure 38. Sample Home Directory configuration
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6 Testing and Validation This chapter compares how the following use cases performed in the boot storm, Login VSI, and antivirus scan test scenarios.
• FAST Cache with no dedicated replica LUN
• FAST Cache and dedicated replica LUN
• No FAST Cache with a dedicated replica LUN
Use case descriptions
In Use Case 1, we created the linked clone desktop pool without a dedicated replica LUN and used 14 flash drives for the FAST Cache configuration. We created a replica virtual machine created for every LUN that hosts the linked clone as shown in Figure 39.
Figure 39. FAST Cache with no dedicated replica LUN
Use Case 1: FAST Cache with no dedicated replica LUN
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In Use Case 2, we created one replica virtual machine for every linked clone desktop pool and stored that replica on a different LUN than the linked clones. Figure 40 shows this configuration. We used four Flash drives to host the replica virtual machine and configured FAST Cache to use 10 Flash drives.
Figure 40. FAST Cache with dedicated replica LUNs
Use Case 2: FAST Cache with dedicated replica LUNs
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In Use Case 3, we did not use FAST Cache and reduced the dedicated replica LUN configuration, hosting 1,000 users in this environment as shown in Figure 41.
Figure 41. Dedicated replica LUN with no FAST Cache
Use Case 3: A dedicated replica LUN with no FAST Cache
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Boot storm scenario
This section describes the boot storm results for each of the three use cases when powering up the desktop pools.
For Use Case 1, the virtual desktops took an average of 1.5 seconds to boot. Figure 42 shows the LUN IOPS and response times. The LUN response time stayed below 2 ms.
Figure 42. LUN IOPS and response times for FAST Cache with no dedicated replica LUN
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Figure 43 shows one of the underlying disk IOPS and response times of the block storage pool.
Figure 43. Physical disk IOPS and response times
Almost 90 percent of the read and write operations are served by the FAST Cache as shown in Figure 44.
Figure 44. FAST Cache read and write operations
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Figure 45 shows that the service processor (SP) utilization during the boot storm is approximately 30 percent.
Figure 45. SP utilization during boot storm
An ESX server’s SP utilization remained below 30 percent during the boot process as displayed in Figure 46.
Figure 46. Example boot-time SP utilization
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Figure 47 shows the memory activity from one of the ESX servers. When the virtual machine boots, it consumes the free available memory. The amount of swap memory it uses is very low compared to the memory gain achieved by the Transparent Page Sharing.
Figure 47. ESX memory activity
Figure 48 shows the ESX disk IOPS and response time for one of the LUNs.
Figure 48. ESX physical disk IOPS and guest latency
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Figure 49 shows the number of SCSI reservations prevented by using the Autonomic Test and Set (ATS) feature used by VAAI and the zero requests for the array.
Figure 49. ESX VAAI statistics
This graphic shows that there are approximately 1,670 ATS requests during the boot and about 125 zeroing requests on this LUN.
Figure 50 shows the LUN IOPS and response times during the virtual desktop boot process. The response times stayed below 4 ms most of the time.
Figure 50. LUN IOPS and response time
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Figure 51 shows the replica LUN IOPS and response times. As expected, most of the IOPS from the replica LUN are “read” IOPS.
Figure 51. Replica LUN IOPS and response times
Figure 52 shows one of the underlying physical disk IOPS and response times of the block storage pool.
Figure 52. Physical disk IOPS and response time
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Figure 53 shows the FAST Cache hit ratio of the block storage pool during the virtual machine boot process.
Figure 53. FAST Cache hit ratio
As shown in Figure 54, service processor utilization is approximately 50 percent during the boot storm.
Figure 54. SP utilization during the boot storm
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Figure 55 shows the CPU utilization of one of the ESX hosts during the boot process.
Figure 55. Example ESX host physical CPU utilization
Figure 56 shows the ESX server’s memory consumption and the memory savings using the transparent page sharing.
Figure 56. ESX server memory
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Figure 57 shows the ESX physical disk IOPS and the average guest latency.
Figure 57. ESX linked clone LUN IOPS and average guest latency
Figure 58 shows that the ESX server used 1,546 ATS operations and 84 “zeroing” requests on the linked clone disk during the boot operation.
Figure 58. Linked clone ESX disk VAAI statistics
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Figure 59 shows the replica disk IOPS and average guest latency during the boot operation.
Figure 59. ESX replica disk IOPS and average guest latency
Figure 60 shows that on the replica LUN, ESX used 58 ATS operations and no “zeroing” requests during the virtual machine boot process.
Figure 60. ESX replica LUN VAAI statistics
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Without FAST Cache, we need more spindles to host 2,000 users. The existing spindles can support up to 1,000 users, so we performed our testing with 1,000 users for this use case.
Figure 61 shows the linked clone LUN IOPS and response times during the boot process.
Figure 61. Linked clone LUN IOPS and response times
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Figure 62 shows the replica LUN IOPS and response times during the boot process for 1,000 users.
Figure 62. Replica LUN IOPS and response times
Figure 63 shows the physical disk IOPS and response times during the boot process for 1,000 users.
Figure 63. Physical disk IOPS and response times
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Figure 64 shows the service processor utilization during the boot process.
Figure 64. Service processor (SP) utilization during boot storm
Figure 65 shows the ESX server physical CPU utilization during the boot process.
Figure 65. ESX server physical CPU utilization
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Figure 66 shows the ESX memory utilization during the boot process.
Figure 66. ESX memory during boot storm
Figure 67 shows the linked close ESX disk IOPS and average guest latency during the boot process.
Figure 67. Linked clone ESX disk IOPS and average guest latency
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Figure 68 shows that the ESX server used 1,480 ATS operations and 2,781 “zeroing” requests on the linked clone disk during the boot operation.
Figure 68. Linked clone ESX disk VAAI
Figure 69 shows the ESX replica disk IOPS and average guest latency.
Figure 69. ESX replica disk IOPS and average guest latency
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Figure 70 shows that the ESX replica used 125 ATS operations and no “zeroing” requests on the linked clone disk during the boot operation.
Figure 70. ESX replica LUN VAAI statistics
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Antivirus scan scenario
We installed the McAfee Enterprise Virus Scan command line utility on all of the virtual desktops in our test environment, and executed the script remotely from a central machine.
Note: Although this is not the preferred way to implement an antivirus scanner in a VDI environment, the purpose of this test is to simulate a traditional customer implementation.
This section describes the antivirus scan results when powering up the desktop pools for each of the three use cases. It includes a results summary graph and graphs showing individual results from scanning 100, 200, 300, 500, and 1,000 desktops in each of the three scenarios.
Summary Figure 71 shows the summary results from an antivirus scan for 500, 300, 200, and 100 desktops for a scenario with FAST Cache and no dedicated replicated LUN.
Figure 71. Antivirus scan summary with FAST Cash and no dedicated replica LUN
The graphs in this section shown the antivirus scan response times for each of the above desktop configurations.
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100-desktop antivirus scan Figure 72 shows that the 100-desktop scan took 11 minutes.
Figure 72. Scan 100 LUN IOPS and response times
Figure 73 shows the physical disk IOPS and response times for the 100-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 73. Physical disk IOPS and response times
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Figure 74 shows the FAST Cache hit ratio for the 100-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 74. FAST Cache hit ratio
Figure 75 shows the service processor utilization for the 100-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 75. 100-desktop antivirus scan SP utilization
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Figure 76 shows the ESX Processor Utilization for the 100-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 76. ESX processor utilization
Figure 77 shows the ESX server memory utilization during the 100-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 77. ESX server memory utilization
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Figure 78 shows the ESX LUN IOPS and average guest latency for the 100-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 78. 100-desktop antivirus scan ESX LUN IOPS and average guest latency
Figure 79 shows the ESX VAAI statistics for the 100-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 79. Scan 100 - ESX VAAI statistics
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Figure 80 shows the virtual machine disk IOPS and response times for the 100-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 80. Scan 100 - virtual machine disk IOPS and response times
200-desktop antivirus scan Figure 81 shows that it took 27 minutes and 12 seconds to scan 200 desktops.
Figure 81. 200-desktop antivirus scan LUN IOPS and response times
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Figure 82 shows the physical disk IOPS and response times for the 200-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 82. 200-desktop antivirus scan physical disk IOPS and response times
Figure 83 shows the FAST Cache hit ratio for the 200-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 83. 200-desktop antivirus scan FAST Cache Hit ratio
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Figure 84 shows the service processor utilization for the 200-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 84. 200 desktop antivirus scan SP utilization
Figure 85 shows the ESX Server’s processor utilization during the 200-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 85. ESX server processor utilization
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Figure 86 shows the ESX server’s memory utilization during the 200-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 86. 200-desktop antivirus scan ESX memory utilization
Figure 87 shows the ESX LUN IOPS and average guest latency for the 200-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 87. 200-desktop antivirus scan ESX LUN IOPS and average guest latency
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Figure 88 shows the ESX VAAI statistics for the 200-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 88. ESX VAAI statistics
Figure 89 shows the virtual machine disk IOPS and latency for the 200-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 89. 200-desktop antivirus scan virtual machine disk IOPS and latency
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300-desktop antivirus scan Figure 90 shows that it took 40 minutes and 47 seconds to scan 300 desktops.
Figure 90. 300-desktop antivirus scan LUN IOPS and response times
Figure 91 shows the physical disk IOPS and response times for the 300-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 91. 300-desktop antivirus scan physical disk IOPS and response time
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Figure 92 shows the FAST Cache hit ratio for the 300-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 92. 300-desktop antivirus scan FAST Cache hit ratio
Figure 93 shows the service processor utilization for the 300-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 93. 300-desktop antivirus scan SP utilization
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Figure 94 shows the EXS server CPU utilization for the 300-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 94. 300-desktop antivirus scan ESX CPU utilization
Figure 95 shows the ESX memory utilization for the 300-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 95. 300-desktop antivirus scan ESX memory utilization
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Figure 96 shows the ESX LUN IOPS and average guest latency for the 300-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 96. 300-desktop antivirus scan ESX LUN IOPS and average guest latency
Figure 97 shows ESX VAAI statistics for the 300-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 97. 300-desktop antivirus scan
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Figure 98 shows the virtual machine disk IOPS and latency for the 300-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 98. 300-desktop antivirus scan virtual machine disk IOPS and latency
500-desktop antivirus scan Figure 99 shows that it took one hour and 17 minutes to scan 500 desktops.
Figure 99. 500-desktop antivirus scan LUN IOPS and response times
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Figure 100 shows the physical disk IOPS and response times for the 500-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 100. 500-desktop antivirus scan physical disk IOPS and response times
Figure 101 shows the FAST Cache hit ratio for the 500-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 101. 500-desktop antivirus scan FAST Cache hit ratio
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Figure 102 shows the service processor utilization for the 500-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 102. 500-desktop antivirus scan service processor utilization
Figure 103 shows the ESX server CPU utilization during the 500-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 103. 500-desktop antivirus scan ESX server CPU utilization
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Figure 104 shows the ESX memory utilization during the 500-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 104. 500-desktop antivirus scan ESX server memory utilization
Figure 105 shows the ESX disk IOPS and average guest latency for the 500-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 105. 500-desktop antivirus scan ESX disk IOPS and average guest latency
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Figure 106 shows the ESX VAAI statistics for the 500-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 106. 500-desktop antivirus scan ESX VAAI statistics
Figure 107 shows the virtual machine disk IOPS and latency for the 500-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 107. 500-desktop antivirus scan virtual machine disk IOPS and latency
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Summary Figure 108 shows the summary results from an antivirus scan for 500, 300, 200, and 100 desktops for a scenario with FAST Cache and a dedicated replicated LUN.
Figure 108. Antivirus scan summary with FAST Cache and a dedicated replica LUN
The graphs in this section show the antivirus scan response times for each of the above desktop configurations.
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Use Case 2: With FAST Cache and a dedicated replica LUN
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100-desktop antivirus scan Figure 109 shows that it took 19 minutes and 55 seconds to scan 100 desktops.
Figure 109. 100-desktop antivirus scan linked clone LUN IOPS and response times
Figure 110 shows the replica LUN IOPS and response times for the 100-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 110. 100-desktop antivirus scan replica LUN IOPS and response times
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Figure 111 shows the physical disk IOPS and response times for the 100-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 111. 100-desktop antivirus scan physical disk IOPS and response times
Figure 112 shows the FAST Cache hit ratio for the 100-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 112. 100-desktop antivirus scan FAST Cache hit ratio
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Figure 113 shows the service processor utilization for the 100-desktop antivirus scan. The replica LUN is owned by service processor A.
Figure 113. 100-desktop antivirus scan SP utilization
Figure 114 shows the ESX server CPU utilization during the 100-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 114. 100-desktop antivirus scan ESX server CPU utilization
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Figure 115 shows the ESX memory utilization during the 100-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 115. 100-desktop antivirus scan ESX memory utilization
Figure 116 shows the ESX linked clone LUN IOPS and average guest latency for the 100-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 116. 100-desktop antivirus scan ESX linked clone LUN IOPS and average guest latency
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\\c1b1\Physical Disk SCSI Device(naa.6006016007b029003225bc67dc25e011)\Reads/sec
\\c1b1\Physical Disk SCSI Device(naa.6006016007b029003225bc67dc25e011)\Writes/sec
\\c1b1\Physical Disk SCSI Device(naa.6006016007b029003225bc67dc25e011)\Average Guest MilliSec/Command
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Figure 117 shows the ESX VAAI statistics for the 100-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 117. 100-desktop antivirus scan ESX VAAI statistics
Figure 118 shows the ESX replica LUN IOPS and average guest latency for the 100-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 118. 100-desktop antivirus scan ESX replica LUN IOPS and average guest latency
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\\c1b1\Physical Disk SCSI Device(naa.6006016007b029003225bc67dc25e011)\ATS\\c1b1\Physical Disk SCSI Device(naa.6006016007b029003225bc67dc25e011)\Zeros
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\\c1b1\Physical Disk SCSI Device(naa.6006016006202a00a3243c51d12fe011)\Reads/sec
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Figure 119 shows the ESX replica LUN VAAI statistics for the 100-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 119. 100-desktop antivirus scan ESX replica LUN VAAI statistics
200-desktop antivirus scan Figure 120 shows that it took 44 minutes and 27 seconds to scan 200 desktops.
Figure 120. 200-desktop antivirus scan linked clone LUN IOPS and response times
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\\c1b1\Physical Disk SCSI Device(naa.6006016006202a00a3243c51d12fe011)\ATS\\c1b1\Physical Disk SCSI Device(naa.6006016006202a00a3243c51d12fe011)\Zeros
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Figure 121 shows the replica LUN IOPS and response times for the 200-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 121. 200-desktop antivirus scan replica LUN IOPS and response times
Figure 122 shows the physical disk IOPS and response times for the 200-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 122. 200-desktop antivirus scan physical disk IOPS and response times
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Figure 123 shows the FAST Cache hit ratio for the 200-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 123. 200-desktop antivirus scan FAST Cache hit ratio
Figure 124 shows the service processor utilization during the 200-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 124. 200-desktop antivirus scan service processor utilization
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SP A - Utilization (%) SP B - Utilization (%)
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Figure 125 shows the ESX CPU utilization during the 200-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 125. 200-desktop antivirus scan ESX CPU utilization
Figure 126 shows the ESX memory utilization during the 200-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 126. 200-desktop antivirus scan ESX memory utilization
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\\c1b1\Physical Cpu(_Total)\% Util Time
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\\c1b1\Memory\Free MBytes
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\\c1b1\Memory\PShare Shared MBytes
\\c1b1\Memory\Swap Used MBytes
\\c1b1\Memory\Total Compressed MBytes
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Figure 127 shows the ESX server LUN IOPS and average guest latency for the 200-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 127. 200-desktop antivirus scan ESX LUN IOPS and average guest latency
Figure 128 shows the ESX linked clone LUN VAAI statistics of the 200-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 128. 200-desktop antivirus scan ESX linked clone LUN VAAI statistics
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\\c1b1\Physical Disk SCSI Device(naa.6006016007b029003225bc67dc25e011)\Reads/sec
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\\c1b1\Physical Disk SCSI Device(naa.6006016007b029003225bc67dc25e011)\ATS
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Figure 129 shows the ESX replica LUN IOPS and average guest latency of the 200-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 129. 200-desktop antivirus scan ESX replica LUN IOPS and average guest latency
Figure 130 shows the ESX replica LUN VAAI statistics of the 200-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 130. 200-desktop antivirus scan ESX replica LUN VAAI statistics
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\\c1b1\Physical Disk SCSI Device(naa.6006016006202a00a3243c51d12fe011)\Reads/sec
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\\c1b1\Physical Disk SCSI Device(naa.6006016006202a00a3243c51d12fe011)\Average Guest MilliSec/Command
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\\c1b1\Physical Disk SCSI Device(naa.6006016006202a00a3243c51d12fe011)\ATS\\c1b1\Physical Disk SCSI Device(naa.6006016006202a00a3243c51d12fe011)\Zeros
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300-desktop antivirus scan Figure 131 shows that it took 1 hour, 7 minutes, and 39 seconds to scan 300 desktops.
Figure 131. 300-desktop antivirus scan linked clone LUN IOPS and response times
Figure 132 shows the replica LUN IOPS and response time for the 300-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 132. 300-desktop antivirus scan replica LUN IOPS and response times
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Figure 133 shows the physical disk and IOPS response times for the 300-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 133. 300-desktop antivirus scan physical disk IOPS and response times
Figure 134 shows the FAST Cache hit ratio for the 300-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 134. 300-desktop antivirus scan FAST Cache hit ratio
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Figure 135 shows the service processor utilization during the 300-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 135. 300-desktop antivirus scan service processor utilization
Figure 136 shows the ESX CPU utilization during the 300-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 136. 300-desktop antivirus scan ESX CPU utilization
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\\c1b1\Physical Cpu(_Total)\% Util Time
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Figure 137 shows the ESX server’s memory utilization during the 300-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 137. 300-desktop antivirus scan ESX memory utilization
Figure 138 shows the ESX linked close LUN IOPS and average guest latency during the 300-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 138. 300-desktop antivirus scan ESX linked clone LUN IOPS and average guest latency
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\\c1b1\Memory\Free MBytes
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\\c1b1\Memory\PShare Shared MBytes
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\\c1b1\Physical Disk SCSI Device(naa.6006016007b029003225bc67dc25e011)\Reads/sec
\\c1b1\Physical Disk SCSI Device(naa.6006016007b029003225bc67dc25e011)\Writes/sec
\\c1b1\Physical Disk SCSI Device(naa.6006016007b029003225bc67dc25e011)\Average Guest MilliSec/Command
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Figure 139 shows the ESX linked clone LUN VAAI statistics for the 300-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 139. 300-desktop antivirus scan ESX linked clone LUN VAAI statistics
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Scan 300 - ESX linked clone LUN VAAI statistics
\\c1b1\Physical Disk SCSI Device(naa.6006016007b029003225bc67dc25e011)\ATS\\c1b1\Physical Disk SCSI Device(naa.6006016007b029003225bc67dc25e011)\Zeros
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Figure 140 shows the ESX replica LUN IOPS and average guest latency for the 300-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 140. 300-desktop antivirus scan ESX replica LUN IOPS and average guest latency
Figure 141 shows the ESX replica LUN VAAI statistics for the 300-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 141. 300-desktop antivirus scan VAAI statistics for the replica LUN
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\\c1b1\Physical Disk SCSI Device(naa.6006016006202a00a3243c51d12fe011)\Reads/sec
\\c1b1\Physical Disk SCSI Device(naa.6006016006202a00a3243c51d12fe011)\Writes/sec
\\c1b1\Physical Disk SCSI Device(naa.6006016006202a00a3243c51d12fe011)\Average Guest MilliSec/Command
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\\c1b1\Physical Disk SCSI Device(naa.6006016006202a00a3243c51d12fe011)\ATS\\c1b1\Physical Disk SCSI Device(naa.6006016006202a00a3243c51d12fe011)\Zeros
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500-desktop antivirus scan Figure 142 shows that it took 2 hours, 1 minute, and 1 second to scan 500 virtual desktops.
Figure 142. 500-desktop antivirus scan LUN IOPS and response times
Figure 143 shows the replica LUN IOPS and response times for the 500-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 143. 500-desktop antivirus scan replica LUN IOPS and response times
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SSD2 Read IOPS SSD2 Write IOPS SSD2 Reponse Time (ms)
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Figure 144 shows the physical disk IOPS and response times for the 500-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 144. 500-desktop antivirus scan physical disk IOPS and response times
Figure 145 shows the FAST Cache hit ratio for the 500-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 145. 500-desktop antivirus scan FAST Cache hit ratio
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Bus 1 Enclosure 6 Disk 2 - Read Throughput (IO/s)
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VDI - FAST Cache Read Hit Ratio VDI - FAST Cache Write Hit Ratio
Chapter 6: Testing and Validation
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Figure 146 shows the service processor utilization during the 500-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 146. 500-desktop antivirus scan service processor utilization
Figure 147 shows the ESX server CPU utilization during the 500-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 147. 500-desktop antivirus scan ESX server CPU utilization
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\\c1b1\Physical Cpu(_Total)\% Util Time
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Figure 148 shows the ESX server’s memory utilization during the 500-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 148. 500-desktop antivirus scan ESX memory utilization
Figure 149 shows the ESX linked clone LUN IOPS and average guest latency during the 500-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 149. 500-desktop antivirus scan ESX linked clone LUN IOPS and average guest latency
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\\c1b1\Memory\Free MBytes
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\\c1b1\Physical Disk SCSI Device(naa.6006016007b029003225bc67dc25e011)\Reads/sec
\\c1b1\Physical Disk SCSI Device(naa.6006016007b029003225bc67dc25e011)\Writes/sec
\\c1b1\Physical Disk SCSI Device(naa.6006016007b029003225bc67dc25e011)\Average Guest MilliSec/Command
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Figure 150 shows the ESX linked clone LUN VAAI statistics for the 500-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 150. 500-desktop antivirus scan ESX linked clone LUN VAAI statistics
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Scan 500 - ESX linked clone LUN VAAI statistics
\\c1b1\Physical Disk SCSI Device(naa.6006016007b029003225bc67dc25e011)\ATS\\c1b1\Physical Disk SCSI Device(naa.6006016007b029003225bc67dc25e011)\Zeros
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Figure 151 shows the ESX replica LUN IOPS and average guest latency for the 500-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 151. 500-desktop antivirus scan ESX replica LUN IOPS and average guest latency
Figure 152 shows the ESX replica LUN VAAI statistics for the 500-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 152. 500-desktop antivirus scan ESX replica LUN VAAI statistics
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\\c1b1\Physical Disk SCSI Device(naa.6006016006202a00a3243c51d12fe011)\Reads/sec
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\\c1b1\Physical Disk SCSI Device(naa.6006016006202a00a3243c51d12fe011)\Average Guest MilliSec/Command
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Summary Figure 153 shows the summary results from an antivirus scan for 500, 300, 200, and 100 desktops for a scenario with a dedicated replica LUN but no FAST Cache configured.
Figure 153. Antivirus scan summary without FAST Cash but with a dedicated replica LUN
The graphs in this section show the antivirus scan response times for each of the above desktop configurations.
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100-desktop antivirus scan Figure 154 shows the LUN IOPS and response times for the 100-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 154. 100-desktop antivirus scan LUN IOPS and response times
Figure 155 shows the replica LUN IOPS and response times for the 100-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 155. 100-desktop antivirus scan replica LUN IOPS and response times
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Figure 156 shows the physical disk IOPS and response times for the 100-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 156. 100-desktop antivirus scan physical disk IOPS and response times
Figure 157 shows the service processor utilization during the 100-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 157. 100-desktop antivirus scan service processor utilization
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Figure 158 shows the ESX server CPU utilization during the 100-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 158. 100-desktop antivirus scan ESX CPU utilization
Figure 159 shows the ESX server’s memory utilization during the 100-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 159. 100-desktop antivirus scan ESX memory utilization
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Figure 160 shows the ESX linked clone LUN IOPS and average guest latency for the 100-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 160. 100-desktop antivirus scan ESX linked clone LUN IOPS and average guest latency
Figure 161 shows the ESX linked clone LUN VAAI statistics for the 100-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 161. 100-desktop antivirus scan ESX linked clone LUN VAAI statistics
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Figure 162 shows the ESX replica LUN IOPS and average guest latency for the 100-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 162. 100-desktop antivirus scan ESX replica LUN IOPS and average guest latency
Figure 163 shows the ESX replica LUN VAAI statistics for the 100-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 163. 100-desktop antivirus scan ESX replica LUN VAAI statistics
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200-descktop antivirus scan Figure 164 shows the LUN IOPS and response times for the 200-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 164. 200-desktop antivirus scan LUN IOPS and response time
Figure 165 shows the replica LUN IOPS and response times for the 200-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 165. 200-desktop antivirus scan replica LUN IOPS and response times
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Figure 166 shows the physical disk IOPS and response times for the 200-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 166. 200-desktop antivirus scan physical disk IOPS and response time
Figure 167 shows the service processor utilization for the 200-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 167. 200-desktop antivirus scan service processor utilization
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Figure 168 shows the ESX server’s CPU utilization during the 200-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 168. 200-desktop antivirus scan ESX server CPU utilization
Figure 169 shows the ESX memory utilization during the 200-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 169. 200-desktop antivirus scan ESX memory utilization
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Figure 170 shows the ESX linked clone LUN IOPS and average guest latency for the 200-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 170. 200-desktop antivirus scan ESX linked clone LUN IOPS and average guest latency
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Figure 171 shows the ESX linked clone LUN VAAI statistics for the 200-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 171. 200-desktop antivirus scan ESX linked clone LUN VAAI statistics
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Figure 172 shows the ESX replica LUN IOPS and average guest latency for the 200-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 172. 200-desktop antivirus scanESX replica LUN IOPS and average guest latency
Figure 173 shows the ESX replica LUN VAAI statistics for the 200-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 173. 200-desktop antivirus scan ESX replica LUN VAAI statistics
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300-descktop antivirus scan Figure 174 shows that it took 58 minutes and 14 seconds to scan 300 virtual desktops.
Figure 174. 300-desktop antivirus scan linked clone LUN IOPS and response times
Figure 175 shows the replica LUN IOPS and response times for the 300-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 175. 300-desktop antivirus scan replica LUN IOPS and response times
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Figure 176 shows the physical disk IOPS and response times for the 300-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 176. 300-desktop antivirus scan physical disk IOPS and response times
Figure 177 shows the service processor utilization during the 300-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 177. 300-desktop antivirus scan service processor utilization
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Figure 178 shows ESX server’s CPU utilization during the 300-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 178. 300-desktop antivirus scan ESX CPU utilization
Figure 179 shows the ESX server’s memory utilization during the 300-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 179. 300-desktop antivirus scan ESX memory utilization
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Figure 180 shows the ESX link clone LUN IOPS and average guest latency for the 300-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 180. 300-desktop antivirus scan ESX linked clone LUN IOPS and average guest latency
Figure 181 shows the ESX linked clone LUN VAAI statistics for the 300-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 181. 300-desktop antivirus scan ESX linked clone LUN VAAI statistics
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Figure 182 shows the replica LUN IOPS and average guest latency for the 300-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 182. 300-desktop antivirus scan replica LUN IOPS and average guest latency
Figure 183 shows the replica VAAI statistics for the 300-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 183. 300-desktop antivirus scan replica LUN VAAI statistics
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500-desktop antivirus scan Figure 184 shows that it took approximately 1 hour and 47 minutes to scan 500 desktops.
Figure 184. 500-desktop antivirus scan linked clone LUN IOPS and response times
Figure 185 shows the replica LUN IOPS and response times for the 500-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 185. 500-desktop antivirus scan replica LUN IOPS and resonse times
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Figure 186 shows the physical disk and response times for the 500-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 186. 500-desktop antivirus scan physical disk IOPS and response times
Figure 187 shows the service processor utilization during the 500-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 187. 500-desktop antivirus scan service process utilization
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Figure 188 shows the ESX server’s CPU utilization during the 500-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 188. 500-desktop antivirus scan ESX CPU utilization
Figure 189 shows the ESX server’s memory utilization during the 500-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 189. 500-desktop antivirus scan ESX memory utilization
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Figure 190 shows the ESX linked clone LUN IOPS and average guest latency for the 500-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 190. 500-desktop antivirus scan ESX linked clone LUN IOPS and Average guest latency
Figure 191 shows the ESX linked clone LUN VAAI statistics for the 500-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 191. 500-desktop antivirus scan ESX linked clone LUN VAAI statistics
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Figure 192 shows the ESX replica LUN IOPS and average guest latency for the 500-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 192. 500-desktop antivirus scan ESX replica LUN IOPS and average guest latency
Figure 193 shows the ESX replica LUN VAAI statistics for the 500-desktop antivirus scan.
Figure 193. 500-desktop antivirus scan ESX replica LUN VAAI statistics
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Having the larger FAST Cache configuration benefited Use Case 1 (FAST Cache only) in comparison to Use Cases 2 and 3 as shown in Figure 194.
Figure 194. Average time to scan a single desktop
Note: We performed Use Case 3 (without FAST Cache) on a server that had twice the ESX memory than the other two use cases.
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Login VSI test scenario
To simulate a real-world user workload scenario, the Virtual Session Index (VSI) tool version 2.1 was used. The Login VSI workload can be categorized as light, medium, heavy, and custom. A medium workload was selected for this testing and had the following characteristics:
• Simulates normal user behavior and speeds for medium workload
• It uses Microsoft Office applications, Internet Explorer, Adobe Acrobat Reader, and zip files
• The tasks include launching the application, typing, minimizing, maximizing other application, printing, reading PDF, browsing sites that are flash-based.
This section describes the Login VSI tests for each of the three use cases.
We tested this use case in the following conditions:
• With the Auto Tiering option enabled
• With Performance Tiering option enabled
The results of both conditions are shown below.
With the Auto Tiering option enabled Figure 195 shows the Login VSI test results using the Auto Tiering option.
Figure 195. Auto Tiering Login VSI results
Overview
Use Case 1: with FAST Cache and no dedicated replica LUN
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With the Performance Tiering option enabled Figure 196 shows the Login VSI results using the Performance Tiering option.
Figure 196. Performance Tiering Login VSI results
The following screens capture results from the performance tier output.
Figure 197 shows the LUN IOPS and response times during the Login VSI test with FAST Cache enabled and no dedicated replica LUN.
Figure 197. LUN IOPS and response times
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Figure 198 shows the physical disk IOPS and response times during the Login VSI test with FAST Cache enabled and no dedicated replica LUN.
Figure 198. Physical disk IOPS and response time
Figure 199 shows the FAST Cache read hit ratio for the during the Login VSI test with FAST Cache enabled and no dedicated replica LUN.
Figure 199. FAST Cache read hit ratio
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Figure 200 shows the FAST Cache write hit ratio during the Login VSI test with FAST Cache enabled and no dedicated replica LUN.
Figure 200. FAST Cache write hit ratio
Figure 201 shows the FAST Cache hit ratio for both read and write activity during the Login VSI test with FAST Cache enabled and no dedicated replica LUN.
Figure 201. FAST Cache hit ratio
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Figure 202 shows the service processor utilization during the Login VSI test with FAST Cache enabled and no dedicated replica LUN.
Figure 202. Service processor utilization
Figure 203 shows the ESX CPU utilization during the Login VSI test with FAST Cache enabled and no dedicated replica LUN.
Figure 203. ESX CPU utilization
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Figure 204 shows the ESX server’s memory utilization during the Login VSI test with FAST Cache enabled and no dedicated replica LUN.
Figure 204. ESX memory utilization
Figure 205 shows the ESX disk IOPS and average guest latency for the Login VSI test with FAST Cache enabled and no dedicated replica LUN.
Figure 205. ESX disk IOPS and average guest latency
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Figure 206 shows the ESX disk VAAI statistics for the Login VSI test with FAST Cache enabled and no dedicated replica LUN.
Figure 206. ESX disk VAAI statistics
Figure 207 shows the virtual machine disk IOPS and latency for the Login VSI test with FAST Cache enabled and no dedicated replica LUN.
Figure 207. Virtual machine disk IOPS and latency
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Figure 208 shows the Login VSI test results for Use Case 2.
Figure 208. Login VSI test results
Figure 209 shows the LUN IOPS and response times for the Login VSI test with FAST Cache enabled and a dedicated replica LUN.
Figure 209. LUN IOPS and response times
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Figure 210 shows the replica LUN IOPS and response times for the Login VSI test with FAST Cache enabled and a dedicated replica LUN.
Figure 210. Replica LUN IOPS and response times
Figure 211 shows the FAST Cache read hit ratio for the Login VSI test with FAST Cache enabled and a dedicated replica LUN.
Figure 211. FAST Cache read hit ratio
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Figure 212 shows the FAST Cache write hit ratio for the Login VSI test with FAST Cache enabled and a dedicated replica LUN.
Figure 212. FAST Cache write hit ratio
Figure 213 shows the FAST Cache hit ratio for the Login VSI test with FAST Cache enabled and a dedicated replica LUN.
Figure 213. FAST Cache hit ratio
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Figure 214 shows the service processor utilization for the Login VSI test with FAST Cache enabled and a dedicated replica LUN.
Figure 214. Service processor utilization
Figure 215 shows the ESX server’s CPU utilization during the Login VSI test with FAST Cache enabled and a dedicated replica LUN.
Figure 215. ESX server CPU utilization
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Figure 216 shows the ESX server’s memory utilization during the Login VSI test with FAST Cache enabled and a dedicated replica LUN.
Figure 216. ESX server memory utilization
Figure 217 shows the ESX linked clone LUN IOPS and average guest latency for the Login VSI test with FAST Cache enabled and a dedicated replica LUN.
Figure 217. ESX linked clone LUN IOPS and average guest latency
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Figure 218 shows the ESX lined clone LUN VAAI statistics for the Login VSI test with FAST Cache enabled and a dedicated replica LUN.
Figure 218. ESX linked clone LUN VAAI statistics
Figure 219 shows the ESX replica LUN IOPS and average guest latency for the Login VSI test with FAST Cache enabled and a dedicated replica LUN.
Figure 219. ESX replica LUN IOPS and average guest latency
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Figure 220 shows the ESX replica LUN VAAI statistics for the Login VSI test with FAST Cache enabled and a dedicated replica LUN.
Figure 220. ESX replica LUN VAAI statistics
This section provides Login VSI results from tests with 1,000 users with a dedicated replica LUN with no FAST Cache.
Figure 221 shows the Login VSI test results for Use Case 3.
Figure 221. Login VSI test results
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Figure 222 shows the linked clone LUN IOPS and response times for the Login VSI test with a dedicated replica LUN and with no FAST Cache.
Figure 222. Linked clone LUN IOPS and response times
Figure 223 shows the replica LUN IOPS and response times for the Login VSI test with a dedicated replica LUN and with no FAST Cache.
Figure 223. Replica LUN IOPS and response times
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Figure 224 shows the physical disk IOPS and response times for the Login VSI test with a dedicated replica LUN and with no FAST Cache.
Figure 224. Physical disk IOPS and response times
Figure 225 shows the service processor utilization for the Login VSI test with a dedicated replica LUN and with no FAST Cache.
Figure 225. Service process utilization
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7 Conclusion This section summarizes the solution test results and includes the following sections:
• Summary
• Findings
• References
Summary EMC’s VNX platform along with VMware View enables customers to host virtual desktops economically and to minimize the risk of exposure of data. The presented solution highlights the design guidelines for hosting 2,000 users on EMC VNX5700 and uses advanced technologies like EMC FAST VP and EMC FAST Cache to optimize the performance for the virtual desktop environment.
Findings The EMC solution team confirmed the following key results during the testing of this solution:
• By using FAST Cache and VAAI, the time to concurrently boot all 2,000 desktops to a usable start is reduced by 25 percent.
• Having the replica datastore use FAST Cache reduces the virus scanning per desktop by almost 50 percent.
• With no dedicated replica LUN and using FAST Cache, the maximum response time of the simulated workload is lower compared to the other two use cases.
• By using a VAAI-enabled storage platform, we are able to store up to 512 virtual machines compared to 64 virtual machines per LUN without VAAI-enabled storage.
• Using Flash as FAST Cache for the read and write I/O operations reduces the number of spindles needed to support the required IOPS.
Chapter 7: Conclusion
EMC Infrastructure for Virtual Desktops enabled by EMC VNX, VMware vSphere 4.1, VMware View 4.5, VMware View Composer 2.5, and
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References Refer to the following white papers, available on Powerlink, for information about solutions similar to the one described in this paper:
• EMC Infrastructure for Virtual Desktops Enabled by EMC VNX Series, VMware vSphere 4.1, VMware View 4.5, and VMware View Composer 2.5—Reference Architecture
• EMC Infrastructure for Virtual Desktops Enabled by EMC VNX Series, VMware vSphere 4.1, VMware View 4.5, and VMware View Composer 2.5—Proven Solution Guide
• Deploying Microsoft Windows 7 Virtual Desktops with VMware View—Applied Best Practices Guide
• EMC Performance Optimization for Microsoft Windows XP for the Virtual Desktop Infrastructure—Applied Best Practices
If you do not have access to the above content, contact your EMC representative.
The following Cisco documents, located on the Cisco website, also provide useful information:
• Cisco Desktop Virtualization Solution Whitepaper (link to http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns340/ns517/ns224/ns836/ns978/solution_overview_c22-632364.pdf )
• Cisco Validated Design for Desktop Virtualization with VMware View and EMC Storage (link to http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/ns340/ns414/ns742/ns743/ns993/landing_dcVirt-VM_EMC.html)
• Cisco Desktop Virtualization Solutions Website (link to www.cisco.com/go/vdi)
• Cisco Virtualization Experience Infrastructure Website (link to www.cisco.com/go/vxi)
The following documents are available on the VMware website:
• Introduction to VMware View Manager
• VMware View Manager Administrator Guide
• VMware View Architecture Planning Guide
• VMware View Installation Guide
• VMware View Integration Guide
• VMware View Reference Architecture
• Storage Deployment Guide for VMware View
• VMware View Windows XP Deployment Guide
• VMware View Guide to Profile Virtualization
White papers
Cisco documentation
Other documentation