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A STUDY ON VOLUNTEERISMSubmitted as a part of the Internship Placement Project
MindTree Foundation
2010- 2011
Guided by: Submitted by:Ms. Meena Jain Amrita Rao
Mr. Raja Shanmugam, CEO Asha Venkatesh
Mrs. Lalitha Holla, Co-ordinator Deepa B.N
Mrs.Deepashree.T
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INTRODUCTION
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Volunteerism in organisations
In recent times, most of the organisations are opting for outreach programmes as a part of the
corporate social responsibility as it enables an overall organizational development. The
organisations are capable of providing the most important and the greatest asset, which is the
man power. Hence it is important that the organisation has clear set goals about the kind of work
it takes up and also makes its employees aware of the programmes which gives an opportunity
for them to lend a helping hand as a small effort of spending time with the people in need.
Catering to the requirements of the needy can be done at various levels and includes time,
money, sharing skill, experience etc.,
Referring to Robert Putnams theory regarding social capital, volunteering as a form of civic
participation is part of the measurement criteria of democracy success in a country, and decline
or apathy may be a predictor of democratic crisis.
Lack of volunteer participation is a huge handicap in the societies nowadays and the
phenomenon is universal. Volunteerism plays an important role in the democratic process, socialcohesion and human development. While encompassing a myriad of activities, including
assisting old people, raising awareness about peace and human rights, planting a tree or
constructing roads, volunteerism also offers an enormous contribution to the achievement of
global strategies
MindTree
MindTree Foundation, a wing of MindTree, is committed in contributing to the society and to
care for the neighbourhood through the outreach programs by creating opportunities for the
MindTree Minds (employees) to work towards a more equitable society.
MindTree Foundation was officially incorporated on 20th November 2007. The core mission of
the non-profit organization is to support primary education and the cause of differently-abled
people by leveraging MindTrees leadership, values, and resources.
In this report, we are trying to analyse the various factors which might have an effect on the
participation levels of the employees.
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PROBLEM ANDMETHODOLOGY
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Objective
To determine the factors influencing motivation to volunteer.
Hypothesis
1. There is no significant difference between Work andFamily factors.2. There is no significant difference between Work and Leisure time (for
volunteering) factors.
3. There is no significant difference between Work andTravel factors.4. There is no significant difference between volunteers and non volunteers on the
level of importance given on the four factors [Work, Family, Leisure time (for
volunteering), Travel]
Plan
The plan of the study was to assess employees attitude and the reasons for lack of volunteering.
The study was conducted to see whether work, family or other specific reasons resulting in
volunteering and non-volunteering.
It was planned that sample of 250 will be collected, scored and interpreted. On the basis of the
responses, analysis was done to categorize those responses into Work, Family, Leisure time (for
volunteering), and Travel.
A checklist was developed, by a team of Psychology students, consisting of 25 statements based
on the factorsWork, Family, Leisure time (for volunteering), Travel including 5 lie statements.
Procedure
The certain number of Participants from MindTree Ltd were given the checklists and requested
to give their responses by choosing one of the five choices (Strongly agree, Agree, Neutral,
Disagree, Strongly Disagree). Responses from a total of 263 participants were collected. They
were also asked to furnish their personal details in the space provided for the same.
Doubts regarding the statements in the checklist were clarified objectively.On the basis of survey questionnaire responses, analysis and interpretation was carried out.
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Description of the material
The material consists of 25 statements. The employees were assessed on 4 factors.
Work consists of 8 statements Family consists of 3 statements Leisure time (for volunteering) 8 statements Travel consists of 1 question.
Statements related to work tries to analyze the degree to which the job factors are important.
For instance, the checklist consists of a statement- In life, I consider work as only a small part of
who I am.
The factor Family tries to analyze the significance of personal aspects.
The Leisure time (for volunteering) factor aims to analyze the extent to which the employees
contribute their free time towards social cause.
The factor Travel consists of one item which measures the willingness of the employee to travel
long distance for a cause.
The degree of responses are marked as Strongly Agree, Agree, Neutral, Disagree and Strongly
Disagree.
The checklist also consists of five lie statements. A data with a total lie score beyond 15 is
considered invalid.
At the end of the checklist the employees were asked to choose three areas of interest for social
cause from the options given.
Sample
A total of five categories of sample were chosen for the study. They are-
General population- 100
Campus Trainees- 80
Senior Employees- 25
Volunteers- 29Non volunteers- 29
Giving a total sample size of 263 employees.
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Analysis of Data
The statements were given a score of 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 respectively for positive items and 1, 2,3, 4, 5 for negative items respectively on the basis of the responses given.
The mean score and standard deviation for the four factors of the three categories ofsample was derived. (Excluding sample category of volunteers and non volunteers)
Bar graphs for each of the four factors and total of the three categories of the sample isrepresented
Paired sample t-test was conducted to compare the means between volunteers and nonvolunteers.
A bar graph is shown to compare the two categories - volunteers and non volunteers onfour factors.
Pie charts are represented for the aspects- Marital status, geographical location (if theemployees are based in Bangalore, if they are from Karnataka), Kannada language
known.
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RESULT AND DISCUSSION
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GENERAL POPULATION
Table I- shows the mean, mean of mean and standard deviation of the general population of the
employees
FactorsN Sum Mean
Mean/number
of statements
Std. Deviation
Work 100 2565 25.65 3.206 2.568
Family 100 1163 11.63 3.876 1.637
Leisure time (for
volunteering)
100 2727 27.27 3.408 3.795
Travel 100 333 3.33 3.33 .766
The data obtained from this sample category implies that the factor family is given utmost
importance over the other three factors. The mean of mean (which is the mean divided by the
number of statements in the checklist) is 3.876667. This denotes that this sample prefers to spend
time with their families, personal obligations and other free time activities over the other factors-
Work, Leisure time (for volunteering) and Travel. .
The standard deviation score obtained for Family is 1.637, suggesting that the dispersion of
scores for this factor is less and thus is more reliable. .
The Standard deviation score obtained for leisure time (for volunteering) is high suggesting
greater dispersion of score which means that their responses are not reliable for this factor.
The data above in the table can be depicted in a graph .
GRAPH.A
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Work Family Leisure time(for
volunteering)
Travel
General Employeess
Mean
Std. Deviation
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GRAPH I: Shows the marital status of General Employees
Graph depicts the percentage of the marital status of the participants from the general category.
61% of the sample is unmarried, 36% of the sample is married and 3% of the sample has not
specified in the checklist.
GRAPH II: Shows the percentage of General Employees who are based in Karnataka
Graph II represents the percentage of the sample based on where their hometown location is
The sample data shows that In state and out state sample is dispersed at 42% and 48%
respectively.
Married
36%
Single
61%
Not Specified
3%
Marital Status
In State
48%Out State
42%
Not Specified
10%
Home Town
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GRAPH III: Shows the percentage of General employee sample who are from Bengaluru
Graph shows the percentage of participants based in Bengaluru. Most of the participants have not
disclosed their hometown.
Among the participants who have mentioned, 26% of them are based in Bengaluru and the restare out of Bengaluru.
GRAPH IV: Shows the percentage of General employee sample who know Kannada
Graph shows the percentage of the participants who know Kannada language.
Out of the 68% of the sample who have mentioned, 40% are familiar with the language while
28% do not know.
In Begaluru
26%
Out Of
Bengaluru
22%
Not Specified
52%
Home Town Bengaluru
Known
40%
Not Known
28%
Not Specified
32%
Kannada Language
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From the overall data collected for the various aspects like the marital status, Kannada language
known, whether they are based in Bengaluru etc and the statistical analysis, its evident that
greater proportion of the sample is unmarried Are familiar with the Kannada language A good percentage of employees are from Bengaluru.
This shows that there is great scope for this section of the population to be a part of volunteer
programs, provided they are made aware of the existing programs, the content and the way it
works.
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CAMPUS TRAINEES
TABLE II- Shows the Mean, Mean of mean, Standard deviation of the sample category Campus
trainees
The mean average score obtained from this sample category implies that the factor Family is
given highest importance over the other three factors. This signifies that this sample prefers to
spend time with their families, personal activities and interests over the other factors- Work,
Leisure time (for volunteering) and Travel. .
.
The standard deviation score obtained for Family is 1.659, suggesting that the dispersion of
scores for this factor is less which means to say that their responses fall around a certain score
and thus is more reliable.
The data mentioned in the table above is depicted in the graph below
GRAPH.B
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Work Family Leisure time(for
Volunteering)
Travel
Campus Trainees
Mean
Std. Deviation
Factors N Sum Mean
Mean/number
of statements
Std. Deviation
Work 80 2147 26.84 3.355 2.812
Family 80 927 11.59 3.8633 1.659
Leisure time (for
volunteering)
80 2228 27.85 3.48125 4.143
Travel 80 283 3.54 3.54 1.006
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GRAPH V: Shows the marital status of Campus Trainees
The above graph shows the marital status of the campus trainees in percentage. While a greater
percentage of the trainees are unmarried, a negligible percent of the sample is married.
GRAPH VI: Shows the percentage of Campus Trainees who are based in Karnataka
The graph above shows the percentage of the sample who are from Karnataka.
52% of the sample is from Karnataka, 45% of the sample is from other states and 3% of the
sample has not specified.
Single
99%
Married
1%Marital Status
In State
52%
Out State
45%
Not Specified
3%Home Town
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GRAPH VII: Shows the percentage of Campus Trainees who are from Bengaluru
The graph represents the segregation of the data showing the percentage of people who are based
in Bangalore. 48% of the sample is basically from Bangalore. 46% are not from Bangalore and
6% of the sample have not specified
GRAPH VIII: Shows the percentage of Campus Trainees who know Kannada
The graph represents the percentage of the people who know the language Kannada. Graph
shows that 27% of the people out of 80 know Kannada, 27% of people are not familiar with
Kannada and 33% of the population have not specified.
In Bengaluru
48%
Out of Begaluru
6%
Not Specified
46%
Home Town Bengaluru
Known
27%
Not Known
33%
Not Specifed
40%
Kannada Language
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On the whole, the data and statistical calculations suggest that a good percentage of the trainees
are from karnataka based in Bengaluru. As this specific population is still new to the
organisation, they are a potential group who might take up volunteering in the near future
provided they are motivated and guided in the right direction. The only obstacle which might
come in the way of volunteering is that not a greater proportion of the sample is familiar with the
Kannada language, as indicated by the data.
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SENIOR EMPLOYEES
Table III showing the total, mean and standard deviation of the sample category senior
employees
FactorsN Sum Mean
Mean/ numberof statements
Std. Deviation
Work 25 655 26.21 3.265 2.577
Family 25 295 11.80 3.933 1.658
Leisure time (for
volunteering)
25 639 25.56 3.1 6.151
Travel 25 80 3.10 3.1 1.190
Data obtained for the sample category senior employees indicates that they give high preference
to Family aspects. The next important factor in the list according to the data is Work. This means
that they prioritize family in the heirarchy of the above four factors. The data also states that
most of the participants in this sample do not prefer doing something else apart from work most
of the times.
The data in the table can be depicted in a graphic form
GRAPH C
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Work Family Leisure Time(for
volunteering)
Travel
Senior Employees
Mean
Std. Devations
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GRAPH IX: Shows the marital status of Senior Employees
This graph depicts the percentage of the marital status of the participants from the senior
employee category.
Out of 25 participants, 32% of the sample is unmarried and 68% of the sample is married.
GRAPH X: Shows the percentage of Senior Employees who are based in Karnataka
Graph II represents the percentage of the sample based on where their hometown location is
The sample data shows that In state and out state sample is dispersed at 42% and 48%
respectively.
Single
32%
Married
68%
Marital Status
In State
72%
Out State
28%
Home Town
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GRAPH XI: Shows the percentage of Senior Employees who are from Bengaluru
Graph represents the percentage of Senior Employees who are from Bengaluru
The sample data shows that In state and out state sample is dispersed at 28% and 28%respectively.
But a large proportion of the sample has not specified.
GRAPH XII: Shows the percentage of Senior Employees who know Kannada
The graph represents the percentage of the people who know the language Kannada. Graph
shows that more than half the sample is familiar with the language Kannada. 52% of the people
out of 25 know Kannada, 32% of people are not familiar with Kannada and 16% of the
population have not specified.
In Bengaluru
28%
Out Of
Bengaluru
28%
Not Specified
44%
Home Town Bengaluru
Known
52%Not Known
32%
Not Specified
16%
Kannada Language
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VOLUNTEERS AND NON-VOLUNTEERS
TABLE IV shows the paired sample descriptive statistics of volunteers and non volunteers on
the four factors
Mean N Std. DeviationMean /numberof statements
Pair 1 Work(Voln) 24.4838 29 3.285 3.060
Work(N V) 26.4137 29 1.918 3.301
Pair 2 Family (Voln) 10.9032 29 2.240 3.634
Family (NV) 11.5172 29 1.526 3.839
Pair 3 Leisure time(for
volunteering)
27.8387 29 4.517 3.479
Leisure time
(for
volunteering)
26.7241 29 4.342 3.340
Pair 4 Travel (Voln) 3.48387 29 .797 3.483
Travel (NV) 3.41379 29 .733 3.413
The data obtained for the two categories of sample- volunteers and non-volunteers shows that
there is a noticeable difference in how much they value each of the four factors. The difference
in the average mean is higher in the two factors Work and Family. The obtained score in the
factors Work and Family is higher for the non volunteers while the volunteers have a high score
in the factors leisure and travel.
This means that the sample of volunteers value participation in social cause and prefer being a
part of the community development programs. Whereas the non-volunteers gain more
satisfaction through their work and family aspects in life.
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TABLE V t test for factors of volunteers and Non volunteers
Paired Differences
t Df Sig. (2-tailed)Mean Std. Deviation
Std. Error
Mean
Pair 1 Work - Work .241 3.979 .739 .327 28 .746
Pair 2 Family - Family .138 2.937 .545 .253 28 .802
Pair 3 Leisure time (for
volunteering) -
Leisure time (for
volunteering)
3.034 5.822 1.081 2.807 28 .009
Pair 4 Travel - Travel .310 1.072 .199 1.558 28 .130
Table shows the paired mean difference of the two groups (volunteers and non volunteers).
t test was done to compare the means of the four factors for the two groups. The obtained t value
when compared to the significant two tailed value suggests that there isnt significant difference
between the two groups for the factors work and family. Whereas the t score indicates that there
is significant difference between the two groups for the factors Leisure time (for volunteering)
and Travel.
This suggests that the volunteers are willing to travel long distance to travel for a cause and
spend more of their free time towards philanthrophic activities.
However, both the groups value the two factors work and family on an equale scale.
The same is depicted in the bar graph D
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GRAPH XIII: Shows the Marital status of Volunteers and Non Volunteers
The comparison of the above two graphs for the aspect marital status indicates that there isnt
much discrepancy in the percentage of the participants. Hence suggests that marital status isnt adetermining factor for volunteering or non volunteering.
GRAPH XIV: Shows the percentage of Volunteers and non volunteers who are from Bengaluru
Comparing the above graphs for the two groups, it indicates that there is a noticeable difference
in the percentage of participants who are based in Bengaluru. This could be one the reasons for
non-volunteering among the non volunteer participants.
However, the small percentage of participants in Bengaluru among the non volunteer group
could be because a large proportion of the participants have not specified their hometown and is
thus not reliable.
Single
52%
Married
48%
Marital Status
Single
48%Married
52%
Marital Status
In
Bengaluru
41%Out Of
Bengaluru
31%
Not
Specified
28%
Home Town BengaluruIn
Bengaluru
17%
Out Of
Bengaluru
31%
Not
Specified
52%
Home Town Bengaluru
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GRAPH XV: Shows the percentage of Volunteers and Non volunteer who know Kannada
The comparitive analysis of the above two graphs show that a good percentage of volunteers are
familiar with Kannada language, whereas only 41% of the non volunteers know Kannada.
Nevertheless, it is not a small number for the sample of this non volunteer group where language
might act as a hurdle for volunteering.
Known
65%
Not
Known
21%
Not
Specified
14%
Kannada Language
Known
41%
Not
Known
24%
Not
Specified
35%
Kannada Language
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GRAPH XVI
The checklist also consisted of an item where the participants were asked to specify the areas ofsocial cause they feel most passionate to work for.
Above graph represents that the data collected from the sample of 263, most of them prefer
working towards education and improvement in the environmental conditions.
considerable number of participants also prefer working towards the betterment of poor and
health conditions.
GRAPH XVII
The participants were also asked to specify the target population they would like to work for.
The data obtained for this indicates that most of them prefer working for children and elderly in
the heirarchy which also consists of homeles, specially abled etc.
Poor
18%
Education
38%
Environment
26%
Health
18%
Preferred areas for social work
Women & Girls
14%
Children
35%Elderly
21%
Homeless
14%
Specially abled
16%
Areas
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This graph is represented to segregate the responses to what charity means to each of the three
sample category- General employees, campus trainees and senior employees
GRAPH XVIII
When looked at the graph, its clear that the perception of charity for the general sample is
different from the other two sample categories. While charity implies time for the general
sample, it means sharing skill for the campus trainees and the senior employees. However,
money does not convey as a means of charity for all the three groups.
54
36
7
22
5
6
33
45
11
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
General Employees Campus Trainees Senior Employees
Time Money Sharing Skill