WHAT IS GOING ON IN THE WORLD?!
GUN POWDER EMPIRES EXPAND 1300-1700
1300-1700 3 of the great empires of history emerged Why haven’t we heard of them?? As these powerful societies expanded, what do you
think happened? Should they impose Islam on who they conquer?
THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
REGION
Turks in Anatolia saw themselves as warriors for Islam (ghazis)
Think back - After the Roman empire fell, what empire arose here? Byzantine Empire
What do you think happened? The Turks took over the Ottoman Empire What country do you think this is today?
TURKEY
RULERS
1. Osman – “Othman” Founder Followers were called “Ottomans”
2. Mehmed II Became “sultan” – one with power Used cannons and GUNPOWDER to conquer
Constantinople 3. Suleyman the Lawgiver/Magnificent
Ottoman Empire reached its peak Supported government reform
RELIGION
What religion did they follow in society and government? Islam!
Ottomans granted freedom of worship to other religions (Christians, Jews) Allowed them to follow their own laws and
pratices
LAW
What did Suleyman give? “The Lawgiver”
Created a law code to handle both criminal and civil actions
He also organized and simplified government, armies, and taxes.
Found in the U.S. Congress
ARTS
Suleyman contributed to many cultural achievements Interested in poetry, history, mathematics,
geography, etc. Had the Mosque of Suleyman built Art and literature flourished under his rule
THE SAFAVID EMPIRE
GEOGRAPHY/BACKGROUND
Gunpowder Empire that ruled Persia between 16th-18th centuries
Nestled in between the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) & Mughal Empire (India)
How do you think its central location promote its development?
Fueled by conquest & cultural diffusion
Present Day Iran
RULERS
1. Isma’il 12 yr old who seized most of Iran
Shah- Persian title king Battle of Chaldiron Shi’ism-official religion
2. Shah Abbas or Abbas the Great Created Golden Age that drew from Persian,
Ottoman, & Arab cultures Created new capital Esfahan—considered most
beautiful in the world
RELIGION
Shi’a Islam—official under Isma’il
Not tolerant of other religions
Shah Abbas Tolerant Needed to encourage other
cultures to trade
LAW
Shah AbbasReformed government & militaryPunished severely Hired foreigners to fill positions in government
ARTS
City of Esfahan Showcase for foreign & Safavid artisans Chinese & Persian collaboration
Carpet Persian themes Italian Renaissance
THE MUGHAL EMPIRE
GEOGRAPHY/BACKGROUND
Located in Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh
700s: small kingdoms created by Muslim tribes Descendants of Muslim Turks
and Afghans Leader was related to Timur
the Lame and Genghis Khan Called themselves the
Mughals, which means Mongols
FAMOUS RULERS
Babur – 1494 Inherited kingdom in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan at age
11 Built an army, invaded India, and founded the
Mughal Empire Akbar (Greatest One) – 1556
Babur’s grandson Unified north India - cannons Golden Age Religious tolerance cultural blending Abolished religious taxes Efficient bureaucracy and fair taxes Land reforms
OTHER FAMOUS RULERS
Shah Jahan Built Taj Mahal as tomb for wife Massive taxes led to suffering Civil war after death
Aurangzeb Enforced strict Islamic law and ended tolerance Conflict among religious groups Famine and taxes Turned over Bombay to English in 1661
RELIGION
Traditionally HinduMughal rulers were Islam Akbar practiced religious tolerance
Married Hindu princesses and allowed them to practice their religion in the palace
Allowed people of different religions to work in government positions
Urdu a new language developed because
of the mixture of Arabic, Persian, and Hindi
Mixed religions today
LAW
Akbar’s policiesBureaucracy of officialsOfficials from different ethnic/religious
backgroundsTax policy = graduated income tax
Fair policy Percentage of peasants’ crops
Land policy Bureaucrats received land grants that he took back
after they died Problem: officials were not devoted to caring for the
land
ART
Illustrations – highly detailed, colorful miniatures in books (Safavid influence)
Literature – flourished in the form of poetry and epics (revived early works)
Architecture – Akbar period combined massive structures w/ intricate Hindu-themed stonework Cultural blending seen in
architecture (i.e. Taj Mahal)