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Item type Presentation
Format Text-based Document
Title Washing Without Water: Cost-Effectiveness of a RapidlySpreading Nursing Intervention in Care Dependent Patients
Authors van Achterberg, Theo; Van Gaal, Betsie G. I.;Schoonhoven, Lisette
Downloaded 19-May-2018 10:44:25
Link to item http://hdl.handle.net/10755/304182
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WASHING WITHOUT WATER Cost-effectiveness of a rapidly spreading nursing
intervention in care-dependent patients
Theo van Achterberg, Betsie van Gaal, Lisette Schoonhoven Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, Scientific Institute for Quality of Healthcare,
Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre
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What if this..
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..is replaced by this ?
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What do we know about washing with water?
Soap & water baths
* care standard for centuries
* acceptable for patients and nurses
* some reports of bathing leading to dry skin and
decreased skin barrier function
e.g. Korting et al. Clin Deramtol 1996;13:23-27. /
Grunewald et al. Cont Dermatitis 1995;32:225-232. / Voegeli. JWOCN 2008;35:84-90.
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What do we know about washing without water?
Disposable wash gloves, made of non-woven
material, saturated with quickly vaporizing cleaning &
caring lotions
* lacking evidence for skin effects
* some positive reports for time & cost savings,
ergonomics for nurses, agitation in dementia
* only two small, limited comparative studies
Larson et al. J Crit Care 2004;13:235-241. / Sheppard & Benner. Gerontol Nursing
200;26:36-45. /
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Dilemmas with Washing Without Water
Some just think it is a shame
Others think the world of it
Effects on patients not clear;
can we trust claims of the industry?
Will likely save time & money, but where will it go?
Will it not reduce highly valued nurse-patient contact?
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Our study
AIMS
• To compare skin damage for TB & WWW*
• To evaluate patients’ and nurses’ experiences with WWW
• To compare costs of TB and WWW
TB: Traditional Bathing
WWW: Washing Without Water
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Our study
Follow-up week 1 Follow-up week 2 Follow-up week 3 Follow-up week 4 Follow-up week 5 Follow-up week 6
Follow-up week 1 Follow-up week 2 Follow-up week 3 Follow-up week 4 Follow-up week 5 Follow-up week 6
RANDOMISATION
Traditional bathing Washing Without Water
56 Nursing home wards
BASELINE
*
*
*
skin
integrity
*
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Our study
Intervention
Washing without water, using product selected from pilot
Instructions at wards at the start of the intervention period
Care as usual
Soap and water bathing, drying with towels
Study participants
All nursing home residents requiring bathing by nurses
In bath or shower ≤ 1 day/week
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Our study
Skin damage
Skin observations for skin damage (intertrigo, dermatitis, erythema..)
- 500 residents
Satisfaction
Questionnaire for nurses and residents in intervention group
- 175 nurses; 55 residents
Costs
Observation of use of materials and time needed for bathing
- materials for 3150 occasions; time for 435 occasions
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ANALYSES
Skin damage
3-level logistic model for repeated measurement of skin
damage occurrence, taking clustering of data in institutions,
wards and within patients into account
Satisfaction
Descriptive statistics
Costs
Prices calculated from volumes x cost estimates
Extrapolated to yearly costs; compared for the two conditions
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FIRST RESULTS
Skin damage
70% skin damage in both groups at baseline
small but statistically significant protective effect of WWW
[OR=0.48]
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FIRST RESULTS
Satisfaction
over 80% of residents felt clean and refreshed after WWW
residents were equally positive about their skin conditions
and the scent of the product
around 80% of nurses believe clients are clean after WWW
over 60% of nurses think WWW would be acceptable
standard care, though most believe traditional bathing
should always remain possible
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FIRST RESULTS
Costs
• Small but statistically significant difference in favour of WWW
• WWW saves around 200 Euros per resident per year
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Discussion
• Definition and prevalence of skin damage
(all inclusive in our study)
• Effective through what mechanism exactly?
• Results valid for institutional elderly care
• Results might differ where products are very different
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PRELIMINARY CONCLUSIONS
Washing Without Water is safe
Washing Without Water is cost-effective,
though differences are small
Considering product quality can be
important when introducing Washing
Without Water
Monitoring of long-term outcomes is
advised