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Washington – Jefferson
The New Republic
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AH1.H.2.1
Analyze key political, economic, and social turning points from colonization through Reconstruction in terms of causes and effects(e.g., conflicts, legislation, elections, innovations, leadership, movements, Supreme Court decisions, etc)
AH1.H.4.1
Analyze the political issues and conflicts that impacted the United States through Reconstruction and the compromises that resulted (e.g., American Revolution, Constitutional Convention, Bill of Rights, development of political parties, nullification, slavery, and states' rights.
AH1.H.5.2
Explain how judicial, legislative and executive actions have affected the distribution of power between levels of government from colonization through Reconstruction (e.g., the Marshall Court, Jacksonian era, nullification, secession, etc.).
AH1.H.6.1
Explain how national economic and political interest helped set the direction US foreign policy from Independence through Reconstruction (treaties, embargo, tariffs,
AH1.H.6.2
Explain the reasons for involvement in wars prior to Reconstruction and the influence each involvement had on international affairs.
Essential Standards:
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1788 – Washington unanimously elected president. Two terms 1788-1797. VIDEO
Washington inaugurated in Philadelphia, Penn.
Capital moved to NYC [Center of $ and Trade]
First Administration installed:Judiciary Act of 1789
John Jay, First Supreme Court Justice6 Fellow JudgesSystem of Federal Courts [13 for the 13
states]
In the beginning…
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Presidential Cabinet
Office Secretary
The State Department Thomas Jefferson
The War Department Henry Knox
The Treasury Department
Alexander Hamilton
The Attorney General Edmund Randolph
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Judiciary Act of 1789Established the
Federal Court systemMade the Supreme
Court the highest court in the U.S.
“Federal Law is Supreme”
President George Washington appointed John Jay the 1st Chief Justice
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John JayFirst Chief
Justice (1789-95)FederalistSent to England in
1794-5 and negotiated Jay’s Treaty
Resigned from the court in 1795 to become governor of New York
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Alexander HamiltonWashington’s
Treasury SecretaryFederalist PartyWanted to build a
financially strong and independent US, especially for US industry and business
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Thomas JeffersonWashington’s
Secretary of StateDemocratic-
Republican PartyWanted to protect
states’ rights, US-French relations
Resigned in 1793
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Henry KnoxWashington’s
Secretary of WarFamous hero of the
Revolutionary WarFt. Knox (in
Kentucky) is named after him: Forts are used in WAR
Died from swallowing a chicken bone
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Edmund RandolphWashington’s Attorney General
Later became Secretary of State after Jefferson’s resignation, but had to resign himself in 1795 after a scandal where he had been providing insider advice to the French government on how to deal with Pres. Washington
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Issues to face… National Debt =
$52 Million No NavyNo ArmyBritish to the NorthSpanish and Indians
to the South and West
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Hamilton’s Plan of ActionCreate a National BankNational Debt-
Debt from AOCAssume state debtsCombine and sell in
the stock market…Tariffs
Tax on imported goodsNational Taxes
Reminiscent of British Taxes = No Bueno!
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Video: Hamilton v. JeffersonWhiskey Rebellion
Local tax on western Penn. distilleries. Locals start uprisings and attacking tax collectorsWashington calls on Militia and they end the issuesImportant why?
It set the tone that little rebellions would no longer be tolerated and would be dealt with severely.
“These ‘Democratic Societies’ [are] attempting to destroy the best fabric of human government and
happiness…”- George Washington
Debating the issues of the plan
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The issue of Constitutional InterpretationsLoose Interpretation:
Implied PowersGeneral Welfare of all
Strict Interpretation:Explicit Powers Sectional & Marginal influence
A clear separation in ideals and platforms…A compromise on the Capital’s location seals
deal.The Hamilton’s Plan Video
Hamilton vs. Jefferson -Madison
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Parties Emerge:Federalist
Democratic – Republicans
Hamilton Jefferson - Madison
Strong centralized government
Strong state governments
Economy based on industry and trade
Economy based on agriculture
Pro-British Pro-French
Loose Constitutional Construction
Strict Constitutional Construction
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Ohio ValleyRound One: Little Turtle vs. St. Clair
1791Washington sends General St. Clair… Lost… badly.
Round Two: Battle of Fallen Timbers 1794Anthony Wayne vs. Indian ConfederationWayne WinsTreaty of GreenvilleOpened Northwest Territory to peaceful
settlement
Meanwhile… In the West…
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July 14th, 1789 Revolution begins
Quickly turns violent and bloodyFrance turns to U.S. for aid by
sending Edmond Genet.Washington refuses because the
Revolution is too violent and the US is not in a place financially or otherwise to get into War.
Video
The French Revolution
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Important because of the effects on US Citizens.France
Set out to enlist soldiers against Washington's orders to stay out of the conflict.
EnglandImpressment: Boarding a ship and commanding
those on board to serve in your army.Jay’s Treaty: 1794
England would release remaining American FortsUS would repay pre-war debtsBritish keep restrictions on US trade ships in the
Atlantic
France vs. Britain: 1793
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Thomas Pinckney- Ambassador to SpainPinckney's Treaty 1795
Allowed US access to Mississippi River for trading.
Unblocked barricades to New Orleans
The Spanish in America
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Precedents [President]Neutrality in Foreign
Affairs 2-term Presidency Use of Force To Enforce
The Law (Whiskey Rebellion)
Calling the Cabinet to
Offer Advice How to address the
President (he came up with the title President.)
First to be inaugurated “So help me God”
First to make inauguration speech
Washington walks away…