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WATER CRISES
AROUND THEWORLD ANDREPERCUSSION
ON PAKISTAN
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SEQUENCE Global Water Crisis
Availability of Water
Water Consumption
Pollution and Disease Key Facts
Reasons of War
Effects on Pakistan
Baglihar Dam Project Principles to deal with water
Technical Solution
Questions
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INTRODUCTION Earth is unique amongst planets of
our solar system largely because
of its abundant water - in oceans,in the atmosphere, in glaciers and
as fresh water on land. Without
water, life as we know it, could not
exist
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GLOBAL WATER CRISIS 21st Century brings the global
water crisis
It is estimated that by the year2025 the global water demand for
freshwater will exceed the supply
More than one-third of the world's
population experiences seriouswater problems
(UNESCO Sources No 84)
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Already one person infive has no access to
safe drinking water
United Nations (UN) Assessment of Freshwater Resources
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AVAILABILITY OF WATER Water covers about two-thirds
of the Earth
The amount of fresh water is atiny fraction of the total amount
Majority of the water is in theoceans
Supply of fresh water is limited 70 percent of the water is used
for agriculture
Pumping groundwater is like a
bank account
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Topic One Fresh water resources around the
world have been overused,
polluted, fought over andsquandered with little regard for
human health and ecological
consequences.
Polluted storm water is a majorcontributor to the degradation of
fresh water.
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AVAILABILITY OF FRESH WATER
One-third of the world
experience moderate to high
water stress
Moderate water stress levels
are when water consumption
exceeds supply by 10 per cent The problems are most severe
in Africa and West Asia
United Nations (UN) Assessment of Freshwater Resources
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Egypt
UAE
Suriname
Iceland
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Amount of Fresh Water
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Asia exhibits the largest runoff volumes and, therefore,
the highest levels of sediment discharge
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WATER CONSUMPTION In rich countries:
850 and 1,000 liters of water each
day In poor areas:
20 and 70 liters each per day.
Where there are no taps at all:
2 and 5 liters Close to the absolute biological
minimum to stay alive
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650
3900
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POLLUTION AND DISEASE As important as quantity is quality
With pollution increasing, the
amount of water declines
More than five million people die
from waterborne diseases each
year
10 times the number killed in warsaround the globe
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HARD FACTS Demand for water has grown
Flush of toilet uses the water - theperson in the developing world
uses for a whole day's 1990 - 1995, the consumption of
fresh water rose six fold
Water is the root of economy ofany country
Economy of Countries, which isbased on agriculture will standnowhere
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HARD FACTS Todays rich countries will become
poor, if they have no water
More than2.2
million people dieeach year from diseasesassociated with poor water
About 70 percent of all availablefresh water is used for agriculture
Water will soon be moved aroundthe world as oil is now
Current projections are that two-thirds of countries will face severewater strain by 2025
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REASONS OF WAR The wars of the next century
will be about water.
By:
Ismail Serageldin
Vice-president
World Bank
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REASONS OF WAR When the social, political and economic
impacts of water - water-related conflictsspringing up around the globe
For example: Malaysia threatened to cut off supply
when Singapore criticized itsgovernment policies
Relations between Botswana andNamibia have been severely strained When Namibian planned toconstruct a pipeline to divert water
The late King Hussein of Jordan -said the only thing he would go to warwith Israel is water
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EFFECTS ON PAKISTAN Water is one resource that can not be
generated
Availibility of water for each PakistaniIn 1951 was 5300 cu/m which hasnow reduced to 1000 cu/m
The threshold of water scarcity is1,000 cu/m per capita
The economy of Pakistan depends on
Agriculture The economy of Pakistan will crumble
due to shortage of water
Ministry of Environment, Pakistan
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All arab countries are suffering withfresh water supply
Fresh water is becoming costlyeveryday
Supply of water is directly effectingtheir economy
They will not be able to supportPakistan due to their own reducingeconomy
EFFECTS ON ECONOMY
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Jordan
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
UEA
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BAG
LIHAR DAM PROJECT Indus Water accord of1960
Pakistan has exclusive right over
the Indus, Jehlum and Chenab
Construction of Baglihar dam in
occupied Kashmir
470 feet, 450 MW project on the
Chenab
Design affecting the flow of water
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PRINCIPLES TO PROTECT WATER Water belongs to the earth
and its entire species
Water should be left where it iswherever possible
Water must be conserved forall time
Polluted water must bereclaimed
Water is best protected innatural watersheds
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Water is a public trust, to be
guarded at all levels
An adequate supply of cleanwater is a basic human right
The best advocates for water
are local communities The public must participate as
an equal partner
PRINCIPLES TO PROTECT WATER
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TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS New technology can help by:
Cleaning up pollution and so
making more water useable In agriculture, Drought resistant
plants can also help
Treating waste water so that it can
be used for agriculture purposes Desalinisation makes sea water
available
While dams and other large-scale
schemes play a big role worldwide
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QUESTIONS