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WATER GOVERNANCE IN CITIES: AN OECD SURVEY
Aziza AKHMOUCH, PhD & Oriana ROMANO, PhDOECD Water Governance ProgrammeWATEC Conference, 14 October 2015
Preliminary Results of a Report to be published on 1 December 2015
Analytical Framework Is urban water governance fit for the future?
Keywords associated with "water management in cities”(48 respondents/water departments, top 5 ranking out of 65 words)
Source : OECD, 2015 forthcoming, Water Governance in OECD Cities, OECD Publishing, Paris
Ageing infrastructure: a challenge for cities in OECD & BRICS
Water- related factors changing urban water governance
92%83%
37%
77%
63%
77%
Share of wastewater treatment(% of wastewater produced by the city that is collected and
treated to at least a basic/primary level)
Source : OECD, 2015 forthcoming, Water Governance in OECD Cities, OECD Publishing, Paris
Share of water loss( as % of net water production)
Average number of water utilities’ employees per 1000 connections
Figure 29 Average number of water utilities’ employees per 1000 connections
Note: In the case of unbundled services the average of employees and connection for each service has been calculated.Source: OECD Survey on Water Governance for Future Cities, 2014
Average price of water per household (USD value in constant prices, constant PPP)
An overview of water service management in cities
* Note: Based on answers from 48 cities for drinking water supply and 45 in the case of sewage collection and waste water treatment.Source: OECD Survey on Water Governance for Future Cities, 204
Number of service providers in surveyed cities by water functions *
Bundled services Unbundled services
62.50%
37.50%
Multi-level governance gaps
Lack of publicly available data on drinking water quality
Lack of accounting control through regular financial audits
Lack of competitive procurement processes
Weak judicial system for conflict resolution
Lack of benchmarking for service providers’ performance
Lack of publicly available data on economic and financial performance
Limited monitoring / evaluation guiding decision-making
Weak stakeholder engagement
Limited information sharing across local authorities
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
23%
23%
27%
31%
44%
46%
46%
48%
60%
Multi-level governance gaps
Administrative gap
Policy gap
Objective gap
Capacity gap
Funding gap
Information gap
Accountability gap
Perceived transparency and accountability challenges to urban water management
Source : OECD, 2015 forthcoming, Water Governance in OECD Cities.
OECD Principles on Water Governance A shared responsibility across levels of government
A Framework for improving urban water governance
Stakeholder engagement
To secure the willingness to pay, accountability and policies buy-in
Rural-urban partnership
For coherent policies on water, land use, spatial planning , nature
conservation, etc.
Metropolitan governance
Opportunity to pool resources and capacity at a critical scale for effective water management
Vertical and horizontal
coordinationPolicy
complementarities
3Ps
Policy
Places
People
Water function Water strategies
Drinking water • Promoting water supply from unconventional sources (Barcelona)• Favouring collaboration studies to increase water resources availability
(Malaga),• Securing supply of drinking water through cooperation between
communities (Nantes) • Joint research for water consumption reduction (Naples)• Long-range strategies for sustainable water supply management (Phoenix)
Sewage collection
• Rehabilitation of urban and metropolitan sewers (Acapulco)• Long range plans for infrastructure upgrades, rehabilitation and
maintenance (Calgary)• Impact assessment of strategic and local developments on water quality
(Hong Kong)• Urban planning and collaboration (Prague)
Wastewater • Environmentally friendly strategies for wastewater treatment (Marseille)• Energy efficiency strategies (Milan)• Rural neighbourhoods strategy (Zaragoza)
Drainage • Use of partnership approach (Liverpool)• Studies to optimize stormwater drainage (Malaga)• Green infrastructure ( New York City)
Water security • Flooding alarm system for the public (Acapulco)• Resilience study against extreme events in the metropolitan area
( Barcelona)• Environmental Recovering Program (Belo Horizonte)• Information services for citizens ( Cologne)• Water level sensor network in several rivers ( Rio d Janeiro)• Strategic plan to construct 52 flood management capital projects ( San Luis
Potosi)
Forward looking/adaptive strategies to manage water risks