WATER RESOURCES WATER RESOURCES AS AN IMPORTANT FACTORAS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR
OF LAND DEVELOPMENT OF LAND DEVELOPMENT
Program of Rural Areas Development 2007-2013
Improving the competitiveness of the agricultural and forestry sector
The quality of life in rural areas and diversification of the rural economy
Improving the environment and the countryside
LEADER
AXIS 4 LEADER
•Implementation of Local Development Strategies
•Implementation of cooperation projects
•Running the Local Action Group, acquisition of
skills and activation
•Implementation of Local Development Strategies
•Implementation of cooperation projects
•Running the Local Action Group, acquisition of
skills and activation
WATER RESOURCES OF THE EARTH
Oceans 96,5 %
Glaciers and permanent snow cover 1,74 %
Permanent frozen land 0,022 %
Subsurface water 1,7 %
Soil water 0,76 %
Lakes 0,013 %
Rivers 0,0002 %
Wetlands 0,0008 %
Water in atmosphere 0,001 %
Biological water 0,0001 %
WATER RESORCES USE
7 times growth in the last centuryActual total usein the world: 2180 km3 Annual water abstraction by source
and by sector in UNEC region
Agriculture: 69 % Industry: 23 %Domestic: 8 %
Source: EEA, based on data from Eurostat data table:
WATER RESOURCES ISSUE
1.Seasonal and spatial distribution of precipitationResults: permanent too less, in some periods too much or too less, trends of decreasing of water resources, catastrophes.2. Fast rising of water demand due to population growth (from 1.65 billion to 6,3 billions in the last century), economic development and change standard of living. 3. Climate change – trends of water resources decreasing.4. Polution of water resorces.
WATER CATASTROPHES (floods, droughts, tsunami, cyclones, landslides (mudslides, snowslides etc.)
Number of water’s catastrophes Cost of water’s catastrophes
Number of lost of life (red colour) and number of incured people (black colour)
in catastrophes connected with water
Critical situations in forest concerning water conditions
• Catastrophes
• Short or long term states
Floods Droughts
Overflow Deficits
Total number of people (milions) in UNEC region affected by drought (blue colour), extreme
temperature (dark brown), flood disasters (light brown) and storm (green)
CHANGES OF PRECIPITATION IN PERIOD 1961-2006
Observed changes [mm/10 years]
Source:European Environment Agency
Report No. 2/2009
Air temperature and precipitation in period 2080-2099 (according IPCC)
Changes in periods of droughts
South Europe Central Europe North Europe Północna
Source: European Environment Agency Report No. 2/2009
14
Critical situations:
- too less water,- too much water,- water too poluted,
Water resources in Europe
Climatic balancein Poland in period21.05 – 20.VII. 2010
Source: IUNG Puławy, Monitoring of drought
Polution of water bodies
State in 2008:w 2008 r.:in Vistula basingood state only in 223 catchments (on 2618),in Oder basingood state only in 67 catchments (on 1673).
Source: GUS 2009
Wastewater in period 1970-2008
,
Source: GUS 2009
Floods and landslides
19
Destroyed plantation after flood
Number and range of floods
in Pol in period 1946-2001
Źródło: Ministerstwo Środowiska, Departament Zasobów Wodnych
Changes in watersheds of river Ren (Germany)
1828 1872 1963
Area of arable lands with irrigation systems [ha]
• Source: European Environment Agency Report No. 2/2009
Acid rains and drought in forests
DEVELOPMENT OF NEW WATER RESOURCES
Problems: - technically difficult,
- economically expensive,- environmentally negative.
Source: EEA Eldred 2.08
(European Lakes, Dams and Reservoirs
Database), 2008.
Development of water reservoir’s capacity in Europe
SOLUTIONS?
The main ways:•water saving, •water recyckling, •water harvesting.
Tools:• legislation,• participation of all sectors,• economy mechanisms,• research and technology develipment,• education,• monitoring and controlling systems.
PROJECTED WATER SCARCITY IN 2025