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WavesWaves
Parts, Types, and Interactions
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Definition of a WaveDefinition of a Wave
A disturbance that travels through a medium from one location to another location.
Waves transfer energy from one place to another.
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Longitudinal WavesLongitudinal Waves
Medium travels parallel to direction of wave propagation. (sound, p-waves)
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Transverse WavesTransverse Waves
Medium travels perpendicular to direction of wave propagation. (light, s-waves)
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Types of WavesTypes of Waves
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Water Waves (swell)Water Waves (swell)
Water waves are the superposition of longitudinal and transverse motions of water molecules.
Individual water molecules travel in circles.
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Wave ParametersWave Parameters
Wavelength () length or size of one oscillation
Amplitude (A) strength of disturbance (intensity)
Frequency (f) repetition
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Wave ParametersWave Parameters
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Wave PropertiesWave Properties
Waves are oscillations that transport energy. The energy of a wave is proportional to its
frequency. Fast oscillation = high frequency = high energy
Slow oscillation = low frequency = low energy The amplitude is a measure of the wave intensity.
SOUND: amplitude corresponds to loudness
LIGHT: amplitude corresponds to brightness
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WavelengthWavelength Measure from any identical two successive points
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
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WavelengthWavelength Measure from any identical two successive points
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
30 - 10 = 20
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WavelengthWavelength Measure from any identical two successive points
There are 4 complete oscillations depicted here ONE WAVE = 1 COMPLETE OSCILLATION
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
22.5 - 2.5 = 20
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FrequencyFrequency
Frequency = number of WAVES passing a stationary point per second (Hertz)
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Remember…Remember…
Frequency (f) = number of oscillations passing by per second
Period (T) = length of time for one oscillation
T = 1/f f = 1/T
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Wave SpeedWave Speed
Wave speed depends on wavelength and frequency:
v = f
Which animal can hear a shorter wavelength?
Cats (70,000 Hertz) or Bats (120,000 Hertz)
= v/f
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Wave SpeedWave Speed
= v/f
Higher frequency = shorter wavelength
Lower frequency = longer wavelength
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Wave InterferenceWave Interference
Waves add constructively.
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Wave InterferenceWave Interference
Waves add constructively.
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Wave InterferenceWave Interference
Waves cancel destructively.
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Wave InterferenceWave Interference
Waves oscillate “out of phase”.½ wavelength phase shift
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Wave InterferenceWave Interference
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Waves at a BoundaryWaves at a Boundary
Reflection: waves “bounce” off barrier.
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Waves at a BoundaryWaves at a Boundary
Reflection: Waves will always reflect in such a way that the angle at which they approach the barrier equals the angle at which they reflect off the barrier
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Waves at a BoundaryWaves at a Boundary
Refraction of waves involves a change in the direction of waves as they pass from one medium to another
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Waves at a BoundaryWaves at a Boundary
Diffraction involves a change in direction of waves as they pass through an opening or around a barrier in their path.
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Waves at a BoundaryWaves at a Boundary
animations