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WCDMA Principle
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Objectives
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Contents
l 3G Overviewl CDMA Principle
l WCDMA Network Architecture and protocol structure
l WCDMA Wireless Fundamental
l Physical Layer Overview
l Physical Channels
l Physical Layer Procedure
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Different Service, Different Technology
AMPSMPS
TACSACS
NMTMTOthersthers
1G 1980s1G 1980sAnalogAnalog
GSMSMSMSMDMADMADMADMA-S 95S 95S 95S 95
TDMADMADMADMA-S 136S 136S 136S 136PDCDCDCDC
2G 1990s2G 1990sDigitalDigital
echnologiesechnologiesdriverive
3G3G-IMT 2000-IMT 2000
UMTSMTSMTSMTSWCDMACDMACDMACDMAcdmadmadmadma2000000000000
emandsemandsdriverive
-D SCDMAD SCDMAD SCDMAD SCDMA
3G provides3G provides compositiveompositive services for both operators and subscribersservices for both operators and subscribers
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Different Service, Different Technology
AMPSMPS
TACSACS
NMTMTOthersthers
1G 1980s1G 1980sAnalogAnalog
GSMSMSMSMDMADMADMADMA-S 95S 95S 95S 95
TDMADMADMADMA-S 136S 136S 136S 136PDCDCDCDC
2G 1990s2G 1990sDigitalDigital
echnologiesechnologiesdriverive
3G3G-IMT 2000-IMT 2000
UMTSMTSMTSMTSWCDMACDMACDMACDMAcdmadmadmadma2000000000000
emandsemandsdriverive
3G provides3G provides compositiveompositive services for both operators and subscribersservices for both operators and subscribers
-D SCDMAD SCDMAD SCDMAD SCDMA
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3G Evolution
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C O LT DC O LT DAll rights reservedAll rights reserved
3G Spectrum Allocation
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Bands WCDMA Used
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3G Application Service
ime Delayime Delay
rrorrrorRatioatio
backgrouackgroundd
conversatonversationalonal
streamingtreaming
interactnteractiveve
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The Core technology of 3G: CDMA
CDMADMA
CDMACDMACDMACDMA:CN based on MAP and GPRS:CN based on MAP and GPRS
:RTT WCDMA:RTT WCDMA
-D SCDMAD SCDMA:CN based on MAP:CN based on MAP and GPRSand GPRS
: -RTT TD SCDMA: -RTT TD SCDMA
cdma2000dma2000:CN based on:CN based on ANSI 41 and MIPANSI 41 and MIP
:RTT cdma2000:RTT cdma2000
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Contents
l3G Overviewl CDMA Principle
l WCDMA Network Architecture and protocol structure
l WCDMA Wireless Fundamental
l Physical Layer Overview
l Physical Channels
l Physical Layer Procedure
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Multiple Access and Duplex Technology
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Multiple Access Technology
Frequ
ency
Frequ
ency
TimTimee
PowPowerer
FDMAFDMA
Frequ
ency
Frequ
encyTimTim
ee
PowPow
erer
TDMATDMA
PowPowerer
TimTim
ee
CDMACDMA
Frequency
Frequency
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Multiple Access and Duplex Technology
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Duplex Technology
TimeTime
FrequencyFrequency
PowerPower
TDDTDD
USER 2USER 2
USER 1USER 1
DLDL
ULUL
DLDL
DLDL
ULUL
FDDFDD
TimeTime
FrequencyFrequency
PowerPower
ULUL DLDL
USER 2USER 2
USER 1USER 1
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Contents
l3G Overviewl CDMA Principle
l WCDMA Network Architecture and protocol structure
l WCDMA Wireless Fundamental
l Physical Layer Overview
l Physical Channels
l Physical Layer Procedure
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WCDMA Network Architecture
RNSNSRNCNC
RNSNSRNCNC
ore Networkore Network
ode Bode B ode Bode B ode Bode B ode Bode B
-u CSu CS -u PSu PSIurur
Iubub IububIubub Iubub
CNN
UTRANTRAN
UEE Uuu
CSS PSS-u CSu CSu PSu PS
CSSSS
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WCDMA Network Version Evolution
GPPGPPRel99el99 GPP Rel4GPP Rel4 GPPGPPel5el5
2000000 2001001 2002002
/GSM GPRS CN/GSM GPRS CN
WCDMA RTT WCDMA RTT
IMSIMS
HSDPAHSDPA GPPGPPel6el6MBMSMBMS
HSUPAHSUPA
2005005
CS domain change toCS domain change toNGNNGN
WCDMA RTT WCDMA RTT
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WCDMA Network Version Evolution
lFeatures of R6[ MBMS is introduced
[ HSUPA is introduced to achieve the service rate up to 5.76Mbps
l Features of R7
[ HSPA+ is introduced, which adopts higher order modulation and MIMO
[ Max DL rate: 28Mbps, Max UL rate:11Mbps
l Features of R8
[ WCDMA LTE (Long term evolution) is introduced
[ OFDMA is adopted instead of CDMA
[ Max DL rate: 50Mbps, Max UL rate: 100Mbps (with 20MHz bandwidth)
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Uu Interface protocol structure
L33
c o
n t
r o
l
c o
n t
r o
l
c o
n t
r o
l
c o
n t
r o
l
c o
n t
r o
l
c o
n t
r o
l
c o
n t
r o
l
c o
n t
r o
l
-C plane signaling-C plane signaling -U plane information-U plane information
PHYHY/2 MAC2 MAC
L11
RLCLC
DCDCNtNtGCGC
/2 RLC2 RLC
MACAC
RLCLCRLCLCRLCLC
uplication avoidanceuplication avoidanceUuS boundaryUuS boundary
/2 BMC2 BMC
controlcontrol
PDCPDCPPDCPDCP /2 PDCP2 PDCP
DCDCNtNtGCGC
RRCRC
RLCLCRLCLCRLCLCRLCLC
BMCMC
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General Protocol Mode for UTRAN TerrestrialInterface
lThe structure is based on the principle that the layers and planes arelogically independent of each other.
ApplicationApplication
ProtocolProtocol
DataData
Stream(s)Stream(s)
ALCAP(s)ALCAP(s)
TransportTransportNetworkNetwork
LayerLayer
Physical LayerPhysical Layer
SignalingSignalingBearer(s)Bearer(s)
Control PlaneControl Plane User PlaneUser Plane
Transport NetworkTransport NetworkUser PlaneUser Plane
Transport NetworkTransport NetworkControl PlaneControl Plane
RadioRadioNetworkNetwork
LayerLayer
SignalingSignalingBearer(s)Bearer(s)
DataDataBearer(s)Bearer(s)
Transport NetworkTransport NetworkUser PlaneUser Plane
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General Protocol Mode for UTRAN TerrestrialInterface
lThe structure is based on the principle that the layers and planes arelogically independent of each other.
ApplicationApplication
ProtocolProtocol
DataData
Stream(s)Stream(s)
ALCAP(s)ALCAP(s)
TransportTransportNetworkNetwork
LayerLayer
Physical LayerPhysical Layer
SignalingSignalingBearer(s)Bearer(s)
Control PlaneControl Plane User PlaneUser Plane
Transport NetworkTransport NetworkUser PlaneUser Plane
Transport NetworkTransport NetworkControl PlaneControl Plane
RadioRadioNetworkNetwork
LayerLayer
SignalingSignalingBearer(s)Bearer(s)
DataDataBearer(s)Bearer(s)
Transport NetworkTransport NetworkUser PlaneUser Plane
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Iu-CS Interface
ALCAPALCAP
Control PlaneControl Plane
Transport NetworkTransport NetworkControl PlaneControl Plane
User planeUser planeRadioRadioNetworkNetworkLayerLayer
Transport NetworkTransport NetworkUser PlaneUser Plane
TransportTransportNetworkNetworkLayerLayer
AA BB
RANAPRANAP
AAL2 PATHAAL2 PATH
ATMATM
Physical LayerPhysical Layer
SAAL NNISAAL NNI
SCCPSCCP
MTP3-BMTP3-B
Iu UPIu UP
SAAL NNISAAL NNI
MTP3-BMTP3-B
Transport NetworkTransport Network
User PlaneUser Plane
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Iu-PS Interface
Control PlaneControl Plane User planeUser planeRadioRadioNetworkNetworkLayerLayer
Transport NetworkTransport Network
User PlaneUser PlaneTransportTransportNetworkNetworkLayerLayer
Transport NetworkTransport Network
User PlaneUser Plane
CC
RANAPRANAP
ATMATM
SAAL NNISAAL NNI
SCCPSCCP
MTP3-BMTP3-B
Iu UPIu UP
AAL Type 5AAL Type 5
IPIP
UDPUDP
GTP-UGTP-U
Physical LayerPhysical Layer
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Iub Interface
ALCAPALCAP
Control PlaneControl Plane
Transport NetworkTransport NetworkControl PlaneControl Plane
User planeUser planeRadioRadioNetworkNetworkLayerLayer
Transport NetworkTransport NetworkUser PlaneUser Plane
TransportTransportNetworkNetworkLayerLayer
Transport NetworkTransport NetworkUser PlaneUser Plane
NBAPNBAP
AAL2 PATHAAL2 PATH
ATMATM
Physical LayerPhysical Layer
SAAL UNISAAL UNI
Iub FPIub FP
SAAL UNISAAL UNI
NNCCPP
CCCCPP
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Iur Interface
ALCAPALCAP
Control PlaneControl Plane
Transport NetworkTransport NetworkControl PlaneControl Plane
User planeUser planeRadioRadioNetworkNetworkLayerLayer
TransportTransportNetworkNetworkLayerLayer
AA BB
RANAPRANAP
AAL2 PATHAAL2 PATH
ATMATM
Physical LayerPhysical Layer
SAAL NNISAAL NNI
SCCPSCCP
MTP3-BMTP3-B
Iur DataIur DataStreamStream
SAAL NNISAAL NNI
MTP3-BMTP3-B
Transport NetworkTransport NetworkUser PlaneUser Plane
Transport NetworkTransport Network
User PlaneUser Plane
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Contents
l 3G Overview
l CDMA Principle
l WCDMA Network Architecture and protocol structure
l WCDMA Wireless Fundamental
l Physical Layer Overview
l Physical Channels
l Physical Layer Procedure
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Processing Procedure of WCDMA System
SourcourceCodinodinghannel Codinghannel Coding& InterleavingInterleaving Spreadingpreading Modulationodulation
SourceourceDecodinecodinghannel Decodinghannel Decoding& DeinterleavingDeinterleaving Despreadinespreading Demodulatioemodulation
Transmissionransmission
Receptioneception
chiphip odulatedodulatedsignalignalitit symbolymbol
ServicerviceSignalignal
adioadioChannelhannel
ServicerviceSignalignalReceiverReceiver
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WCDMA Source Coding
[ A integrated speech codec with 8source rates
[ The AMR bit rates can be controlled bythe RAN depending on the systemload and quality of the speechconnections
[ H.324 is used for VP Service in CSdomain
[ Includes: video codec, speech codec,data protocols, multiplexing and etc.
CODEC Bit Rate (kbps)
AMR_12.20 12.2 (GSM EFR)
AMR_10.20 10.2
AMR_7.95 7.95
AMR_7.40 7.4 (TDMA EFR)
AMR_6.70 6.7 (PDC EFR)
AMR_5.90 5.9
AMR_5.15 5.15
AMR_4.75 4.75
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Processing Procedure of WCDMA System
TransmitterTransmitter
SourcourceCodinodinghannel Codinghannel Coding& InterleavingInterleaving Spreadingpreading Modulationodulation
SourceourceDecodinecodinghannel Decodinghannel Decoding& DeinterleavingDeinterleaving Despreadinespreading Demodulatioemodulation
Transmissionransmission
Receptioneception
chiphip odulatedodulatedsignalignalitit symbolymbol
ServicerviceSignalignal
adioadioChannelhannel
ServicerviceSignalignalReceiverReceiver
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WCDMA Block Coding - CRC
l
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WCDMA Channel Coding
l Effect
[ Enhance the correlation among symbols so as to recover the signal when
interference occurs
[ Provides better error correction at receiver, but brings increment of the delay
l Types
[ No Coding[ Convolutional Coding (1/2, 1/3)
[ Turbo Coding (1/3)
Code BlockCode Blockof N Bitsof N Bits
No CodingNo Coding
1/2 Convolutional1/2 ConvolutionalCodingCoding
1/3 Convolutional1/3 ConvolutionalCodingCoding
1/3 Turbo Coding1/3 Turbo Coding
Uncoded N bitsUncoded N bits
Coded 2N+16 bitsCoded 2N+16 bits
Coded 3N+24 bitsCoded 3N+24 bits
Coded 3N+12 bitsCoded 3N+12 bits
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WCDMA Interleaving
l Effect
[ Interleaving is used to reduce the probability of consecutive bits error
[ Longer interleaving periods have better data protection with more delay
1110
1.........
............
...000
0100
. . .0 1 0 0 0 0 1. . .0 1 0 0 0 0 11 1 11 1 1
1110
1.........
............
...000
0010 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1-nter-nter olumnolumnpermutationermutationutpututputbitsits
nput bitsnput bits
nterleavingnterleaving:eriods:eriods, ,0 40 or 80 ms,0 40 or 80 ms
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Processing Procedure of WCDMA System
SourcourceCodinodinghannel Codinghannel Coding& InterleavingInterleaving Spreadingpreading Modulationodulation
SourceourceDecodinecodinghannel Decodinghannel Decoding& DeinterleavingDeinterleaving Despreadinespreading Demodulatioemodulation
Transmissionransmission
Receptioneception
chiphip odulatedodulatedsignalignalitit symbolymbol
ServicerviceSignalignal
adioadioChannelhannel
ServicerviceSignalignalReceiverReceiver
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Correlation
l Correlation measures similarity between any two arbitrary signals.
l Identical and Orthogonal signals:
Correlation = 0Correlation = 0Orthogonal signalsOrthogonal signals
-1 1 -1 1-1 1 -1 1[-1 1 -1 1-1 1 -1 1
1 1 1 11 1 1 1
+1+1
-1-1
+1+1
-1-1
+1+1
-1-1
+1+1
-1-1
Correlation = 1Correlation = 1Identical signalsIdentical signals
-1 1 -1 1-1 1 -1 1
[[1 1 1 11 1 1 1
-1 1 -1 1-1 1 -1 1
CC11
CC22+1+1
+1+1
CC11
CC22
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Orthogonal Code Usage - Coding
UE1:UE1: 11 11
UE2:UE2: 11 11
CC11 :: 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
CC22 :: 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
UE1c1UE1c1 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
UE2c2UE2c2 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
UE1c1UE1c1 UE2c2UE2c2 2 02 0 2 02 0 2 02 0 2 02 0
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Orthogonal Code Usage - Decoding
UE1CUE1C11 UE2CUE2C22:: 2 02 0 2 02 0 2 02 0 2 02 0UE1UE1 Dispreading by c1Dispreading by c1:: 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
Dispreading result:Dispreading result: 2 02 0 2 02 0 2 02 0 2 02 0
Integral judgment:Integral judgment: 4 (means4 (means 1)1) 4 (means4 (means 1)1)
UE2UE2 Dispreading by cDispreading by c2:2: 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
Dispreading result:Dispreading result: 2 02 0 2 02 0 2 02 0 2 02 0
Integral judgment:Integral judgment: 4 (means4 (means 1)1) 4 (means4 (means 1)1)
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Spectrum Analysis of Spreading & Dispreading
Spreading codeSpreading code
Spreading codeSpreading code
SignalSignal
CombinationCombination
Narrowband signalNarrowband signal
ff
P(f)P(f)
Broadband signalBroadband signal
P(f)P(f)
ff
Noise & Other SignalNoise & Other Signal
P(f)P(f)
ff
Noise+Broadband signalNoise+Broadband signal
P(f)P(f)
ff
Recovered signalRecovered signal
P(f)P(f)
ff
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Spectrum Analysis of Spreading & Dispreading
ax al lo wedax al lo wedinterferencenterference/b Nob NoRequiremenequirement
Powerower
ax interferenceax interferenceaused by UE andaused by UE andothersthersrocessing Gainrocessing Gain
EbititDesp read ingesp read ing
nterferencenterferencerom other UErom other UE Echiphip
/ = / Eb No Ec No PG/ = / Eb No Ec No PG
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Process Gain
[[
[)
ratebit
ratechiplog(10GainocessPr =
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Spreading Technology
[ Channelization operation, which transforms data symbols intochips
[ Scrambling operation is applied to the spreading signal
scramblingscramblingchannelizationchannelization
DataDatasymbolsymbol
Chips afterChips afterspreadingspreading
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WCDMA Channelization Code
l OVSF Code (Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor) is used aschannelization code
SF = 8SF = 8SF = 1SF = 1 SF = 2SF = 2 SF = 4SF = 4
CCch,1,0ch,1,0 = (1)= (1)
CCch,2,0ch,2,0 = (1,1)= (1,1)
CCch,2,1ch,2,1 = (1, -1)= (1, -1)
CCch,4,0ch,4,0 = (1,1,1,1)= (1,1,1,1)
CCch,4,1ch,4,1 = (1,1,-1,-1)= (1,1,-1,-1)
CCch,4,2ch,4,2 = (1,-1,1,-1)= (1,-1,1,-1)
CCch,4,3ch,4,3 = (1,-1,-1,1)= (1,-1,-1,1)
CCch,8,0ch,8,0 = (1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1)= (1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1)
CCch,8,1ch,8,1 = (1,1,1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1)= (1,1,1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1)
CCch,8,2ch,8,2 = (1,1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,-1)= (1,1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,-1)
CCch,8,3ch,8,3 = (1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,1)= (1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,1)
CCch,8,4ch,8,4 = (1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1)= (1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1)
CCch,8,5ch,8,5 = (1,-1,1,-1,-1,1,-1,1)= (1,-1,1,-1,-1,1,-1,1)
CCch,8,6ch,8,6 = (1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,-1,1)= (1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,-1,1)
CCch,8,7ch,8,7 = (1,-1,-1,1,-1,1,1,-1)= (1,-1,-1,1,-1,1,1,-1)
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WCDMA Channelization Code
Radio bearer SF Radio bearer SF
Speech 12.2 UL 64 Speech 12.2 DL 128
Data 64 kbps UL 16 Data 64 kbps DL 32
Data 128 kbps UL 8 Data 128 kbps DL 16
Data 144 kbps UL 8 Data 144 kbps DL 16
Data 384 kbps UL 4 Data 384 kbps DL 8
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Purpose of Channelization Code
[
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Purpose of Scrambling Code
[
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Scrambling Code
l Scrambling code: GOLD sequence.
l There are 224 long uplink scrambling codes which are used forscrambling of the uplink signals. Uplink scrambling codes areassigned by RNC.
l For downlink, 512 primary scrambling codes are used.
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Primary Scrambling Code Group
rimaryrimary cramblingcramblingodes forodes forownlinkownlinkhysicalhysicalchannelshannels
roup 0roup 0
rimaryrimarycrambling codecrambling code0
rimaryrimary cramblingcrambling*ode 8 63*ode 8 63
rimaryrimary cramblingcrambling* +ode 8 63 7* +ode 8 63 751212 rimaryrimarycramblingcramblingcodesodes
roup 1roup 1
rouproup633
rimaryrimarycrambling codecrambling code1
rimaryrimarycrambling codecrambling code8
644 rimaryrimary cramblingcramblingode groupsode groups ach group consistsach group consistsf 8 primaryf 8 primarycrambling codescrambling codes
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Code Multiplexing
Scrambling codeScrambling code
Channelization code 1Channelization code 1
Channelization code 2Channelization code 2
Channelization code 3Channelization code 3
User 1 signalUser 1 signal
User 2 signalUser 2 signal
User 3 signalUser 3 signal
NodeBNodeB
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Code Multiplexing
NodeBNodeB
Scrambling code 3Scrambling code 3
User 3 signalUser 3 signal
Channelization codeChannelization code
Scrambling code 2Scrambling code 2
User 2 signalUser 2 signal
Channelization codeChannelization code
Scrambling code 1Scrambling code 1
User 1 signalUser 1 signal
Channelization codeChannelization code
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Processing Procedure of WCDMA System
SourcourceCodinodinghannel Codinghannel Coding& InterleavingInterleaving Spreadingpreading Modulationodulation
SourceourceDecodinecodinghannel Decodinghannel Decoding& DeinterleavingDeinterleaving Despreadinespreading Demodulatioemodulation
Transmissionransmission
Receptioneception
chiphip odulatedodulatedsignalignalitit symbolymbol
ServicerviceSignalignal
adioadioChannelhannel
ServicerviceSignalignalReceiverReceiver
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Modulation Overview
11 0000 11
timetime
Basic steady radioBasic steady radiowave:wave:
carrier =carrier =A.cos(2A.cos(2 Ft+Ft+ ))Amplitude ShiftAmplitude Shift
Keying:Keying:
AA.cos(2.cos(2 Ft+Ft+ ))Frequency ShiftFrequency Shift
Keying:Keying:A.cos(2A.cos(2 FFt+t+ ))
Phase Shift Keying:Phase Shift Keying:
A.cos(2A.cos(2 Ft+Ft+ ))
Data to be transmitted:Data to be transmitted:Digital InputDigital Input
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Modulation Overview
11
tt
11 1100
11
tt-1-1
NRZ codingNRZ coding
ffoo
BPSKBPSK
ModulatedModulated
BPSKBPSKsignalsignal
CarrierCarrier
InformationInformationsignalsignal
[= 00 [[ = [[ = 00
11 101022 33 44 99887755 66
11 101022 33 44 99887755 66
Digital InputDigital Input
High FrequencyHigh FrequencyCarrierCarrier
BPSK WaveformBPSK Waveform
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Modulation Overview
-1 -1-1 -1
11 101022 33 44 99887755 66
11 101022 33 44 99887755 66
NRZ InputNRZ Input
I di-Bit StreamI di-Bit Stream
Q di-Bit StreamQ di-Bit Stream
IIComponentComponent
QQ
ComponentComponent
QPSK WaveformQPSK Waveform
11
11
-1-1
11
-1-1
11
11
-1-1
-1-1
-1-1
1 11 1 -1 1-1 1 -1 1-1 1 1 -11 -1
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Modulation Overview
NRZNRZcodingcoding
9090oo
NRZNRZcodingcoding
QPSKQPSK
Q(t)Q(t)
I(t)I(t)
ffoo
AA
AA Acos([Acos([oot)t)
Acos([Acos([ oot + /2)t + /2)
[1 1 /4/41 11 7 /4 /41 11 13 /4 /411 11 5 /4 /4
)cos(2: +oAQPSK
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Demodulation
11 101022 33 44 99887755 66
QPSK WaveformQPSK Waveform
1,11,1
-1,-1-1,-1
-1,1-1,1
1,-11,-1
11 -1-111 -1-1 11 -1-1-1-111-1-1 11
-1,1-1,1
NRZ OutputNRZ Output
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WCDMA Modulation
l
HSDPA: QPSK or 16QAMHSDPA: QPSK or 16QAMR99/R4: QPSKR99/R4: QPSK
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Processing Procedure of WCDMA System
SourcourceCodinodingChannehannelCodingoding
Spreadingpreading Modulationodulation
SourceourceDecodinecodingChannelhannelDecodinecoding
Despreadinespreading Demodulatioemodulation
Transmissionransmission
Receptioneception
chiphip odulatedodulatedsignalignalitit symbolymbol
ServicerviceSignalignal
adioadioChannelhannel
ServicerviceSignalignal
TransmitterTransmitter
ReceiverReceiver
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Wireless Propagation
ReceivedReceivedSignalSignal
TransmittedTransmittedSignalSignal
Transmission Loss:Transmission Loss:Path Loss + Multi-path FadingPath Loss + Multi-path Fading
TimeTime
AmplitudeAmplitude
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Propagation of Radio Signal
Signal at TransmitterSignal at Transmitter
Signal at ReceiverSignal at Receiver
-40-40
-35-35
-30-30
-25-25
-20-20
-15-15
-10-10
-5-5
dB
dB
00
00dB
m
dB
m
-20-20-15-15
-10-10
-5-5
55
1010
1515
2020
FadingFading
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Fading Categories
l Fading Categories
[ Slow Fading[ Fast Fading
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Diversity Technique
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Diversity
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Principle of RAKE Receiver
eceive seteceive set
orre lator 1orre lator 1orrelator 2orrelator 2orrelator 3orrelator 3
earcherearchercorrelatororrelator alculate thealculate theime delayime delaynd signalnd signalstrengthtrength
ombinerombinerhehe ombinedombinedsignalignal
tttt
( )t)t ( )t)t
-AKE receiver help to overcome on the multi path fading and enhance-AKE receiver help to overcome on the multi path fading and enhancehe receive performance of the systemhe receive performance of the system
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Contents
l 3G Overview
l CDMA Principle
l WCDMA Network Architecture and protocol structure
l WCDMA Wireless Fundamental
l Physical Layer Overview
l Physical Channels
l Physical Layer Procedure
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UTRAN Network Structure
RNSNS
RNCNC
RNSNS
RNCNC
ore Networkore Network
NodeBodeB NodeBodeB NodeBodeB NodeBodeB
-u CSu CS -u PSu PSIurur
Iubub IububIubub Iubub
CNN
UTRANTRAN
UEE Uuu
CSS PSS-u CSu CSu PSu PS
CSSSS
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Uu Interface Protocol Structure
L33
c o
n t
r o
l
c o
n t
r o
l
c o
n t
r o
l
c o
n t
r o
l
c o
n t
r o
l
c o
n t
r o
l
c o
n t
r o
l
c
o n
t r
o l
-C plane signaling-C plane signaling -U plane information-U plane information
PHYHY/2 MAC2 MAC
L11
RLCLC
DCDCNtNtGCGC
/2 RLC2 RLC
MACAC
RLCLCRLCLCRLCLC
uplication avoidanceuplication avoidanceUuS boundaryUuS boundary
/2 BMC2 BMC
controlcontrol
PDCPDCPPDCPDCP /2 PDCP2 PDCP
DCDCNtNtGCGC
RRCRC
RLCLCRLCLCRLCLCRLCLC
BMCMC
radio bearerradio bearer
logical channellogical channel
transport channeltransport channel
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RAB, RB and RL
RABRAB
RBRB
RLRLNodeBNodeB
RNCRNCCNCNUEUE
UTRANUTRAN
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Contents
l 3G Overview
l CDMA Principlel WCDMA Network Architecture and protocol structure
l WCDMA Wireless Fundamental
l Physical Layer Overview
l Physical Channels
l Physical Layer Procedure
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WCDMA Radio Interface Channel Definition
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Logical Channel
ontrol channelontrol channel
raffic channelraffic channelDedicated traffic channelDedicated traffic channel ( )DTCH( )DTCHCommon traffic channelCommon traffic channel ( )CTCH( )CTCH
Broadcast control channelBroadcast control channel ( )BCCH( )BCCH
Paging control channelPaging control channel ( )PCCH( )PCCHDedicate control channelDedicate control channel
( )DCCH( )DCCHCommon control channelCommon control channel ( )CCCH( )CCCH
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Logical Channel
ontrol channelontrol channel
raffic channelraffic channelDedicated traffic channelDedicated traffic channel ( )DTCH( )DTCHCommon traffic channelCommon traffic channel ( )CTCH( )CTCH
Broadcast control channelBroadcast control channel ( )BCCH( )BCCH
Paging control channelPaging control channel ( )PCCH( )PCCHDedicate control channelDedicate control channel
( )DCCH( )DCCHCommon control channelCommon control channel ( )CCCH( )CCCH
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Transport Channel
Dedicated ChannelDedicated Channel ( )DCH( )DCH
Broadcast channelBroadcast channel ( )BCH( )BCHForward access channelForward access channel
( )FACH( )FACHPaging channelPaging channel ( )PCH( )PCHRandom access channelRandom access channel ( )RACH( )RACH
-High speed downlink shared channel
-High speed downlink shared channel
( - )HS DSCH( - )HS DSCH
ommon transportommon transportchannelhannel
edicatededicatedransport channelransport channel
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Physical Channel
l A physical channel is defined by a specific carrier frequency, code
(scrambling code, spreading code) and relative phase.
l In UMTS system, the different code (scrambling code or spreading
code) can distinguish the channels.
l Most channels consist of radio frames and time slots, and each radio
frame consists of 15 time slots.
l Two types of physical channel: UL and DL
hysical Channelhysical Channel, ,Frequency Code Phase, ,Frequency Code Phase
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Downlink Physical Channel
lDownlink Dedicated Physical Channel (DL DPCH)Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel (DL DPCH)l
Downlink Common Physical ChannelDownlink Common Physical Channel[Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CCPCH)Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CCPCH)[Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (S-CCPCH)Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (S-CCPCH)
[Synchronization Channel (SCH)Synchronization Channel (SCH)
[Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)
[Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)
[Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)
[High-Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel (HS-PDSCH)High-Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel (HS-PDSCH)
[High-Speed Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH)High-Speed Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH)
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Uplink Physical Channel
l Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel
[ Uplink Dedicated Physical Data Channel (Uplink DPDCH)
[ Uplink Dedicated Physical Control Channel (Uplink DPCCH)
[ High-Speed Dedicated Physical Channel (HS-DPCCH)
l Uplink Common Physical Channel
[ Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)
Function of Physical Channel
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y
NodeBodeB UEE
- -P CCPCH Primary Common Control Physical Channel- -P CCPCH Primary Common Control Physical Channel- -P CCPCH Primary Common Control Physical Channel- -P CCPCH Primary Common Control Physical Channel
- --P CPICH Primary Common Pilot Channel- --P CPICH Primary Common Pilot ChannelSCH--SCH--Synchronisation ChannelSynchronisation Channel
- --P CPICH Primary Common Pilot Channel- --P CPICH Primary Common Pilot ChannelSCH--SCH--Synchronisation ChannelSynchronisation Channel
el l Se a r che ll S e a rc hC h a n n e l sh a n n e l s
--DPDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel--DPDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel--DPDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel--DPDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel
--DPCCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel--DPCCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel--DPCCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel--DPCCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel
e d i c a t e de d i c a t e dC h a n n e l sh a n n e l s
a gi ng Ch ann el sa gi ng Ch an ne ls--PICH Paging--PICH Paging Indicator ChannelIndicator Channel--PICH Paging--PICH Paging Indicator ChannelIndicator Channel
--SCCPCH Secondary Common Control Physical Channel--SCCPCH Secondary Common Control Physical Channel--SCCPCH Secondary Common Control Physical Channel--SCCPCH Secondary Common Control Physical Channel
--PRACH Physical Random Access Channel--PRACH Physical Random Access Channel--PRACH Physical Random Access Channel--PRACH Physical Random Access Channel
--AICH--AICH Acquisition Indicator ChannelAcquisition Indicator Channel--AICH--AICH Acquisition Indicator ChannelAcquisition Indicator Channel
a n do m A cc es s C h an n e lsa n do m A cc e ss C ha n ne ls
- --HS DPCCH High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel- --HS DPCCH High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel- --HS DPCCH High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel- --HS DPCCH High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel
- --HS SCCH High Speed Share Control Channel- --HS SCCH High Speed Share Control Channel- --HS SCCH High Speed Share Control Channel- --HS SCCH High Speed Share Control Channel
- --HS PDSCH High Speed Physical Downlink Share Channel- --HS PDSCH High Speed Physical Downlink Share Channel- --HS PDSCH High Speed Physical Downlink Share Channel- --HS PDSCH High Speed Physical Downlink Share Channel
ig h Sp e e d Do w nl ink S ha r e Ch a nn el si g h S pe e d Do w nl in k S ha r e Ch a nn el s
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Synchronization Channels (P-SCH & S-SCH)
l Used for cell search
l Two sub channels: P-SCH and S-SCHl SCH is transmitted at the first 256 chips of
every time slot
lPrimary synchronization code is transmittedPrimary synchronization code is transmitted
repeatedly in each time slotrepeatedly in each time slotlSecondary synchronization code specifies theSecondary synchronization code specifies the
scrambling code groups of the cellscrambling code groups of the cell
rimaryrimarySCHCHecondaryecondarySCHCH
#lot 0#lot 0 #lot 1#lot 1 #lot 14#lot 14
acc ss ,i 0,i 0
ppcc ppcc ppcc
acc ss ,i 1,i 1 accss ,i 14,i 14
56 chips56 chips560 chips560 chips ne 10 ms SCH radio framene 10 ms SCH radio frame
Secondary Synchronization Channel (S-
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Secondary Synchronization Channel (S-SCH)
slot numberScrambling
Code Group #0 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14
Group 0 1 1 2 8 9 10 15 8 10 16 2 7 15 7 16
Group 1 1 1 5 16 7 3 14 16 3 10 5 12 14 12 10
Group 2 1 2 1 15 5 5 12 16 6 11 2 16 11 15 12
Group 3 1 2 3 1 8 6 5 2 5 8 4 4 6 3 7
Group 4 1 2 16 6 6 11 15 5 12 1 15 12 16 11 2
Group 61 9 10 13 10 11 15 15 9 16 12 14 13 16 14 11
Group 62 9 11 12 15 12 9 13 13 11 14 10 16 15 14 16
Group 63 9 12 10 15 13 14 9 14 15 11 11 13 12 16 10
l....acacpp
#lot ?#lot ?-SCHSCH acac
pp
#lot ?#lot ?
166 6SCHSCHacac
pp
#lot ?#lot ?
111 Group 2Group 2, ,Slot 7 8 9, ,Slot 7 8 9256 chips256 chips
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Primary Common Pilot Channel (PCPICH)
l Primary PCPICH
[ Carrying pre-defined sequence[ Fixed channel code: Cch, 256, 0 , Fixed rate 30Kbps
[ Scrambled by the primary scrambling code
[ Broadcast over the entire cell
[ A phase reference for SCH, Primary CCPCH, AICH, PICH anddownlink DPCH, Only one PCPICH per cell
-re defined symbol sequencere defined symbol sequence
#lot 0#lot 0 #lot 1#lot 1 #lo t #lot i lotlo t#1414
Tslotlot = ,560 chips 20 bits,560 chips 20 bits
:radio frame T:radio frame Tr = 0 ms= 0 ms
Primary Common Control Physical Channel
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Primary Common Control Physical Channel(PCCPCH)
l Carrying BCH transport channel
l Fixed rate, fixed OVSF code (30kbps Cch, 256, 1 )
l The PCCPCH is not transmitted during the first 256 chips of each time
slot
CCPCH DataCCPCH Data8 bits8 bits
#lot 0#lot 0:radio frame T:radio frame Tf= 0 ms 0 ms
#lot 1#lot 1 #lot i#lot i
56 chips56 chips
#lot 14#lot 14
T slotlo t ,560 chips 20 bits,560 chips 20 bits SCHCH
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Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)
l Carrying Paging Indicators (PI)
l Fixed rate (30kbps), SF = 256
l N paging indicators {PI0, , PIN-1 } in each PICH frame, N=18, 36, 72,
or 144
( )ne radio frame 10 ms( )ne radio frame 10 ms
b 10
88 bits for paging88 bits for pagingindicationndication ( )2 bits undefined( )2 bits undefinedb 28 787 b 28 888 b 29 999
Secondary Common Control Physical Channel
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Secondary Common Control Physical Channel(SCCPCH)
l Carrying FACH and PCH, SF = 256 - 4
[ Pilot: used for demodulation[ TFCI: Transport Format Control Indication, used for describe
data format
Dataata bits bits
#lot 0#lot 0 #lot 1#lot 1 #lot i#lot i #lot 14#lot 14:radio frame T:radio frame Tf= 0 ms 0 ms
T slotlo t= ,560 chips,560 chipsDataat a
Pilotilot bits bitsPilotilot bits bitsTFCIFC I
TFCIFC I*0 20 2 k ( = .. )its k 0 6( = .. )its k 0 6
C ( C )
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Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)
essage partessage partreamblereamble096 chips096 chips ( )0 ms one radio frame( )0 ms one radio frame
Preamblereamble Preamblereamble
essage partessage partreamblereamble096 chips096 chips ( )0 ms two radio frames( )0 ms two radio frames
Preamblereamble Preamblereamble
PRACH M S
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PRACH Message Structure
Pilotilot bits bits
#lot 0#lot 0 #lot 1#lot 1 #lot i#lot i #lot 14#lot 14
essage part radio frame Tessage part radio frame T= 0 ms 0 ms
Tslotlo t= , *560 chips 10 2, *560 chips 10 2Pilotilot
TFCIFC I bits bitsTFCIFC I
Dataat aN dataat a bitsitsataata
Controlontrolkk ( = .. )its k 0 3( = .. )its k 0 3
PRACH A Ti l t St t
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PRACH Access Timeslot Structure
#11 #22 #33 #44 #55 #66 #77 #88 #99 #1010 #1111 #1212 #1313 #1414120 chips120 chips
:adio frame 10 ms:adio frame 10 ms :adio frame 10 ms:adio frame 10 ms
#ccess slot 0#ccess slot 0 Random Access TransmissionRandom Access Transmission#ccess slot 1#ccess slot 1
#ccess slot 7#ccess slot 7
#ccess slot 14#ccess slot 14
Random Access TransmissionRandom Access Transmission
Random Access TransmissionRandom Access Transmission
Random Access TransmissionRandom Access Transmission#ccess slot 8#ccess slot 8
A i iti I di t Ch l (AICH)
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Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)
#S 14#S 14 #S 0#S 0 #S 1#S 1 #S i#S i #S 14#S 14 #S 0#S 0
a1 a20 a311 a322300 a333 a388 a399I partI part nused partnused part
0 ms0 ms
Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel
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Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel(DPDCH&DPCCH)
l
Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel
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Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel(DPDCH&DPCCH)
PilotilotNpilotilot bitsbits
TPCPCNTPCPC bitsbits
DataataNdataata bitsbits
#lot 0#lot 0 #lot 1#lot 1 #lot i#lot i #lot 14#lot 14
Tslotlot = , *560 chips 10 2= , *560 chips 10 2 itsits( = .. )0 6= .. )0 6
:radio frame T:radio frame Tf = 0 ms= 0 ms
DPDCHPDCH
DPCCHPCCH FBIBINFBIBI bitsbitsTFCIFCI
NTFCIFCI bitsbits
Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel
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Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel(DPDCH+DPCCH)
Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel
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y(DPDCH+DPCCH)
,ne radio frame T,ne radio frame Tf = 0 ms= 0 ms#lot 0#lot 0 #lot 1#lot 1 #lot i#lot i #lot 14#lot 14
Tslotlot = , *560 chips 20 2= , *560 chips 20 2 k( =- .. )its k 1 6( =- .. )its k 1 6
Data2ata2Ndata2ata2 bitsbits
DPDCHPDCHTFCIFCI
NTFCIFCI bitsbits PilotilotNpilotilot bitsbitsData1ata1N ata1ata1 bitsitsDPDCHPDCH DPCCHPCCH DPCCHPCCH
TPCPCNTPCPC bitsbits
High-Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel
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g p y(HS-PDSCH)
l Bearing service data and layer 2 overhead bits mapped from the
transport channell SF=16, can be configured several channels to increase data service
#lot 0#lot 0 #lot 1lot 1 #lot 2#lot 2
Tslotlot = , * *560 chips M 10 2= , * *560 chips M 10 2 k ( = )its k 4( = )its k 4DataataNdata1ata1 bitsbits
:subframe T:subframe Tf = ms= ms
High-Speed Shared Control Channel
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g p(HS-SCCH)
l Carries physical layer signalling to a single UE ,such as modulation
scheme (1 bit) ,channelization code set (7 bit), transport block size(6bit),HARQ process number (3bit), redundancy version (3bit), new
data indicator (1bit), UE identity (16bit)
l HS-SCCH is a fixed rate (60 kbps, SF=128) downlink physical channel
used to carry downlink signalling related to HS-DSCH transmission
#lot 0#lot 0 #lot 1lot 1 #lot 2#lot 2
Tslotlot = ,560 chips 40 bits= ,560 chips 40 bitsDataataNdata1ata1 bitsbits
:subframe T:subframe Tf = ms= ms
High-Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel
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g p y(HS-DPCCH )
l Carrying information to acknowledge downlink transport blocks and
feedback information to the system for scheduling and linkadaptation of transport block
[ CQI and ACK/NACK
l Physical Channel, Uplink, SF=256
Subframe #0Subframe #0 Subframe #iSubframe #i Subframe #nSubframe #n
One HS-DPCCH subframe ( 2ms )One HS-DPCCH subframe ( 2ms )
ACK/NACKACK/NACK
1 radio frame: T1 radio frame: Tff= 10 ms= 10 ms
CQICQI
TTslotslot = 2560 chips= 2560 chips 2 T2 Tslotslot = 5120 chips= 5120 chips
Mapping Between Channels
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Mapping Between Channels
ogical channelsogical channels ransport channelsransport channels hysical channelshysical channelsBCCHCCH BCHCH -CCPCHCCPCH
FACHACH -CCPCHCCPCHPCCHCCH PCHCH -CCPCHCCPCHCCCHCCH RACHACH PRACHRACH
FACHACH -CCPCHCCPCHCTCHTCH FACHACH -CCPCHCCPCH,CCH DTCHCCH DTCH DCHCH DPDCHPDCH
-S DSCHS DSCH -S PDSCHS PDSCH,ACH FACHACH FACH , -RACH S CCPCH-RACH S CCPCH
Contents
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Contents
l 3G Overview
l CDMA Principlel WCDMA Network Architecture and protocol structure
l WCDMA Wireless Fundamental
l Physical Layer Overview
l Physical Channels
l Physical Layer Procedure
Synchronization Procedure Cell Search
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Synchronization Procedure - Cell Search
rame synchronizationrame synchronization& ode Group ode GroupIdentificationdentification
crambling Codecrambling CodeIdentificationdentification
UE uses SSC to find frameUE uses SSC to find framesynchronization and identify thesynchronization and identify thecode group of the cell found incode group of the cell found in
the first stepthe first step
UE determines the primary scramblingUE determines the primary scrambling
code through correlation over thecode through correlation over thePCPICH with all codes within thePCPICH with all codes within the,identified group and then detects,identified group and then detects
-the P CCPCH and reads BCH-the P CCPCH and reads BCHinformationinformation
lotlotSynchronizationynchronization UE uses PSC to acquireUE uses PSC to acquire
slot synchronization to aslot synchronization to acellcell
Random Access ProcedureSTARTTART
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hoose a RACH sub channel fromhoose a RACH sub channel fromvailable onesvailable ones
e t a va il ab le s ig na tu re set available signatures
et Preamble Retrans Maxet Preamble Retrans Max
et Preamble_Initial_Poweret Preamble_Initial_Power
end a preambleend a preamble
h ec k t he c or re spo nd in g A Ih ec k th e c or re spo nd in g A I
ncrease message part power byncrease message part power by-m based on preamble powerm based on preamble power
et physical status to be RACHet physical status to be RACHessage transmittedessage transmitted et physical status to be Nacket physical status to be Nackn AICH receivedn AICH received
hoose a access slot againhoose a access slot again
> &ounter 0 Preamble power&ounter 0 Preamble power< a xi mu m a ll ow ed p ow er a xi mu m a ll ow ed p ow er
hoose a signature andhoose a signature andn cr ea se p re am bl e t ra ns mi t p ow ern cr ea se p re am bl e t ra ns mi t p ow er
et physical status to be Nacket physical status to be Nackn AICH receivedn AICH received
et negative AIet negative AIo AIo AI
eport the physical status to MACeport the physical status to MAC
EN DND
et positive AIet positive AI
h e c oun te r o f p re am bl e r et ra ns mi th e co un ter o f p re am bl e r et ra ns mi t,ubtract 1 Commanded preamble power,ubtract 1 Commanded preamble powerncreased by Power Ramp Stepncreased by Power Ramp Step
N
Y
e nd t he c or res po ndi ng m ess ag e p ar te nd t he c or re sp on di ng me ss age p ar t
Transmit Diversity Mode
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y
Physical channel type Open loop mode Closed loop mode
TSTD STTD Mode 1 Mode 2P-CCPCH applied SCH applied S-CCPCH applied DPCH applied applied appliedPICH applied HS-PDSCH applied applied
HS-SCCH applied
AICH applied
Transmit Diversity - STTD
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Transmit Diversity - STTD
bb00 bb11 bb22 bb33 Antenna 1Antenna 1
Antenna 2Antenna 2Channel bitsChannel bits
STTD encoded channel bitsSTTD encoded channel bits.for antenna 1 and antenna 2.for antenna 1 and antenna 2
bb00 bb11 bb22 bb33
-b-b22 bb33 bb00 -b-b11
Transmit Diversity - TSTD
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Transmit Diversity - TSTD
ntenna 1ntenna 1
ntenna 2ntenna 2
,i 0,i 0
,i 1,i 1
acacss,i 14,i 14
#lot 0#lot 0 #lot 1#lot 1 #lot 14#lot 14
,i 2,i 2
acacpp
#lot 2#lot 2
(Tx(Tx)OFF)OFF
(Tx(Tx)OFF)OFF
(Tx(Tx)OFF)OFF
(Tx(Tx )OFF)OFF
(Tx(Tx
)OFF
)OFF
(Tx(Tx
)OFF)OFF
(Tx(Tx
)OFF)OFF
acacpp acacpp
acacssacacss
acacpp
acacss(Tx(Tx
)OFF)OFF
Closed Loop Mode
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Closed Loop Mode
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Thank YouThank You
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