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Beyond the Blue BoxOntario’s Fresh Start on Waste Diversion
and the Circular Economy
with Dianne SaxeEnvironmental Commissioner of Ontario
November 2, 2017
Webinar
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Who is the ECO?• Impartial, independent watchdog• Guardian of the Environmental Bill of Rights• Non-partisan, reliable reports to the Legislature
Environment GHG/Climate Energy Special/Other
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New Report: Beyond the Blue BoxOverview:
1. Environmental consequences of waste
2. Short history of recycling in Ontario
3. Problems with the old law (WDA)
4. The new Waste-Free Ontario framework• What will it change?
• ECO recommendations for next steps
5. Ontario’s transition to a circular economy
6. Final recommendations
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1: Ontario has a Waste Problem
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Ontario Produces a Lot of Waste
• Ontario produces ~12 million tonnes of waste annually
• Almost 1 tonne/person/year
• We throw out 3/4 of this waste • ~6 million tonnes to landfill• ~2.7 million tonnes exported• ~300,000 tonnes incinerated
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Landfilling has Environmental Consequences
• Soil and groundwater pollution• Decaying organics contribute to
climate change• Uses up precious disposal capacity• Squanders valuable resources
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2: A 40-Year History of Recycling in Ontario(in 2 slides)
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From Blue Box to Waste Diversion Act
• Blue Box began as voluntary program in the 1970s
• Mandatory for most in 1994
• Waste Diversion Act, 2002 (WDA) expanded recycling programs to include:
• Blue Box• Hazardous waste• Tires• Electronics
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Historical Focus on Recycling
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3: Problems with the Waste Diversion Act
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Problems with the WDA• WDA was intended to increase waste diversion:
Diversion rates have increased only marginally, stagnating at 25%.
• WDA was intended to transfer some costs from the taxpayer back to the producers:
The WDA did shift some costs from municipalities to industry, but taxpayers continue to shoulder a heavy load.
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Problems with the WDA• Only captured small portion
of materials
• Not true “extended producer responsibility” (EPR)
• Did not address economic barriers
• Structural issues with Waste Diversion Ontario and the Industry Funding Organizations
• Transparency• Accountability
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4: A Fresh Start for Waste Diversion in Ontario
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Waste-Free Ontario: What’s New?In the Law:
• Direct producer responsibility
• Enhanced transparency and accountability measures
• Data collection
• Service provider responsibilities
• Enforcement responsibilities
• Circular Economy
In the Strategy:
• Improving IC&I diversion
• Regulatory review
• Designating new materials
• Organics action plan
• Excess soil management policy
• Procurement
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Will it Get Us Where We Need to Be?
• Law and Strategy set out ambitious goals and important actions
• But implementation is critical• ECO recommendations related to:
• Organic waste• Recycling standards• IC&I action
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Recommendations: Organic Waste
• Adopt some form of disposal ban on food waste
• Make the process for approving anaerobic digestion and composting facilities fast and predictable, while still protectingpublic health and environmentalinterests
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What the Strategy Says About Organic Waste
• Consider disposal bans• Implement an organics
action plan• Modernize regulatory
approaches to promote innovation
• Improve and establish environmental standards
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Why is this Important?
• 28% of waste is organic material
• 40% diversion rate
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Why is this Important?• Almost all GHGs from waste are from organics in landfills• Waste contributed 5.2% (8.6 Mt) of Ontario’s total GHGs in 2015
• 7.7 Mt directly fromlandfills
• Mostly methane
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Why is this Important?
• Reported numbers understate the actual amount and impact of GHG emissions from waste
Source: Figure created by the ECO using information from Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Inventory Report 1990-2014: Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks in Canada, Part 3, 2016; and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, Chapter 8: Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing (contribution of Working Group 1 to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), 2013.
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Why is this Important?
• In addition to climate impact, methane is a:
• health hazard at high concentrations
• contributor to ground level ozone
• Wasted fuel source• Waste nutrients
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What are the Challenges?• Can’t ban organics until you have somewhere to send them
• To increase capacity, need an efficient, reliable approvals process
• Siting concerns (esp. odour)• Who will bear the expense?
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Organics: Learning from Others• Disposal Bans have been introduced in:
• Nova Scotia• PEI• Metro Vancouver
• Commercial bans in:• California• Connecticut• Massachusetts• Rhode Island• Vermont
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Recommendation: Recycling Standards
Develop recycling standards that are clear, enforceableand provide a high level of environmental protection
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What the Strategy Says About Recycling Standards
• Establish service provider requirements
• Improve and establish environmental standards
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Why is this Important?
• Strict standards are critical to ensure high-quality materials and good environmental results
• Create a level playing field
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What are the Challenges?
• Clarity and enforceability• Expense to business• Allowing for innovation
Photo Credit: Shaun Fisher CC BY 2.0
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Recommendation: IC&I Action Expand and enforce source separation and diversion obligations for the IC&I sectors.
Photo credit: https://www.dal.ca/news/2015/09/01/the-next-generation-of-waste-management-on-campus.html
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What the Strategy Says About IC&I
• Update the 3Rs Regulations• Implement disposal bans• Designate new materials
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Why is this Important?IC&I sectors are not pulling their weight
• Over half of Ontario’s waste (6.7 tonnes per year) is from IC&I/CRD sectors
• Low diversion rate: ~15%• Compare to residential waste
diversion rate: 37% or higher
Source: Statistics Canada (data for 2014).
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Why is this Important?IC&I sectors are not pulling their weight
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What are the Challenges?• Customer/employee
compliance• The “human factor”
• Enforcement• Cost
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IC&I: Learning from Others
• Nova Scotia• City of Calgary
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5: The Circular Economy
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The Circular Economy
• Law and Strategy create a new vision:• Fundamental change in thinking
• Designing products with durability and reuse in mind → moving beyond just recycling
• Renewed focus on reduce (less stuff!)
FIGURE 5.1. Linear Economy versus the Circular Economy. Source: Sustainable Brands.
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Recommendations: Circular Economy
• Make the ultimate goal of Ontario’s circular economy policies the creation of profitable markets for all end-of-life materials
• Work with other ministries to integrate circular economy objectives into policy and practice across government
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What the Strategy Says About CE
• Provide clear direction via policy statements
• Improve and establish environmental standards
• Use green procurement practices
• Implement disposal bans
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Why is this Important?
• CO2 embodied in goods and materials represents a massive, under-recognized source of GHG emissions
• Extracting raw materials generates GHGs, as well as releases toxic chemicals into the air and water
• Reusing and recycling materials means fewer raw materials extracted from the earth
• Huge economic and employment promise of a low-waste economy
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What are the Challenges?
• Major cultural, economic, social shift• Design and process changes• Training a skilled workforce• Supporting innovative businesses
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Learning From Others
• Scotland• European Union• China
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6: Will the Environment Win?(A few more recommendationsfor government)
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Recommendations: Implementing the Strategy
• Document how new waste policies compare to those tried before, and what lessons have been learned from previous efforts
• Set deadlines for the actions
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Why is this Important?
Learning from past experiences:• More reduction and reuse• More designated materials• Address economic barriers
• Self-sustaining end markets
• Separate policy-making from enforcement• Accountability = publicly available data• Clear lines of responsibility and accountability
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What are the Challenges?
• Upcoming election• Number and diversity of
stakeholders• No definitive historical
perspective• Differing understandings
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Time for New Solutions and Actions
“We can’t solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them.”
-Albert Einstein
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eco.on.ca
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Questions?
@Ont_ECO
/OntarioEnvironmentalCommissioner
eco.on.ca/reports/2017-beyond-the-blue-box