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WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 4, 2015ABIDING FAITH CHRISTIAN CHURCH
NUTRITION AND CANCER
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CANCER DEFINED
•A group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth
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HOW CANCER ARISES
•Changes to genes that control how cells grow and divide• Inherited• Environmental exposures
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RISK FACTORSRISK FACTOR: ANY ATTRIBUTE, CHARACTERISTIC OR EXPOSURE OF AN
INDIVIDUAL THAT INCREASES THE LIKELIHOOD OF DEVELOPING A DISEASE OR INJURY
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ALCOHOL
• Clear association between alcohol consumption and development of:• Head and neck cancer• Esophageal cancer• Liver cancer• Breast cancer• Colorectal cancer
• Clear association between alcohol consumption and decreased risk of:• Renal cell (kidney) cancer• Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
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ALCOHOL (CONT.)
• Alcohol increases cancer risk by:• Damaging DNA • Metabolite = acetaldehyde, ROS
• Impairing breakdown and absorption of nutrients• Including vitamins A, B complex, C, D, and E
• Increasing blood levels of estrogen, a sex hormone linked to breast cancer• Liver malfunction, impaired estrogen breakdown, and
increased estrogen production (aromatization)
• May contain carcinogens• nitrosamines, asbestos fibers, phenols, hydrocarbons
possibly introduced during fermentation & production
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CANCER CAUSING SUBSTANCES
• Aflatoxins• Exposure source = old moldy nuts• Association: Increased risk of liver cancer
• Aristolochic Acids• Used in some anti-inflammatory herbal products• Association: Increased risk of upper urinary tract and bladder
cancer• Arsenic• Exposure sources = tobacco, contaminated water• Association: Increased risk of bladder, skin, lung, digestive
tract, liver, kidney, and lymphatic cancers• Cadmium• Exposure source = tobacco, contaminated foods• Association: Increased risk of lung cancer
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CHRONIC INFLAMMATION(CHRONIC INFLAMMATION = PROLONGED PERIOD OF TIME DURING WHICH A
PART OF THE BODY IS RED, SWOLLEN, HOT, OR PAINFUL)
• Chronic inflammation can lead to DNA damage• Chronic inflammation can stem from:• Infections that don’t go away• Abnormal immune reactions to normal tissues
(autoimmune conditions)• Conditions such as obesity
• Certain cases of chronic inflammation can be ameliorated by a change in diet
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DIET• Alcohol• Clear evidence for causing cancer
• Artificial Sweeteners• No clear association with cancer in humans
• Charred meat• High consumption of well-done, fried, or barbequed meats
associated with increased risk of colorectal, pancreatic, and prostate cancer
• Antioxidants (e.g., vitamins A, C, E, etc.)• Insufficient evidence for protection or treatment in humans
• Calcium• May provide some protection against colorectal cancer
• Garlic• Consumption associated with reduced risk of certain cancers
• Tea• Inconclusive findings
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HORMONES
• Estrogens are known human carcinogens• Carcinogen = a substance capable of causing cancer in
living tissue
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OBESITY(OBESITY = A CONDITION IN WHICH A PERSON HAS AN ABNORMALLY HIGH AND
UNHEALTHY PROPORTION OF BODY FAT; BODY MASS INDEX ≥ 30 KG/M2)
• Associated with increased risk of:• Esophageal cancer• Pancreatic cancer• Colorectal cancer• Breast cancer (after menopause)• Endometrial cancer• Kidney cancer• Thyroid cancer• Gallbladder cancer
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OBESITY (CONT.)
• How Obesity May Promote Cancer:• Fat tissue produces excess amounts of estrogen and
leptin• Obese people often have increased levels of insulin and
insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which may promote tumor development
• Obese people often have chronic sub-acute (low-level) inflammation
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TOBACCO
• Leading cause of cancer and death from cancer• More than 7,000 chemicals in tobacco smoke• 2500 of which are known to be harmful• 69 of which can cause cancer, including:
• acetaldehyde, aromatic amines, arsenic, benzene, benzoalphapyrene, beryllium, 1,3-butadiene, cadmium, chromium, cumene, ethylene oxide, formaldehyde, nickel, polonium, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrosamines, vinyl chloride
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PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS
• Avoid or minimize alcohol consumption• Avoid use of tobacco products• Minimize consumption of charred meats• *exposed to high heat for prolonged periods
• Adopt a diet high in fresh plant foods and low in sugary/processed foods in order to combat obesity• Adopt an active lifestyle to combat obesity• Aim for at least 30 min – 1 hr of exercise 3 to 5 times per
week