Transcript

Weight Management:Weight Management:

Overweight and UnderweightOverweight and Underweight

Chapter 9Chapter 9

Distribution of Body Weights inAmerican Adults

How Does Canada Do??

47.9% of Canadian Adults were overweight in 1998

Provinces

Fattest Cities in Canada ??

What about kids ??

19811981 19961996

GirlsGirls

OverweightOverweight

ObeseObese

1313

22

2727

99

BoysBoys

OverweightOverweight

ObeseObese

1111

22

3333

1010

Fat Cell Development

During periods of

growth in late childhood/earl

y puberty, # on fat cells

increase

During periods of

excess intake, fats cell size

increases

When fat cells have reached

their maximum

size, the cell number

increases

Even with fat loss, the cells

may shrink but not the

number

LPL Levels and Set Point Theory

LPL (Lipoprotein Lipase)

-- located on adipose cell membranes and promote fat storage

-- higher the activity level of LPL, the more efficient storage of fat is

-- after weight lose, LPL increases, increasing fat deposition

The Weight-Cycling Effect of Repeated Dieting

Each period of dieting results in

a resetting of your

“homeostatic set point”.

Therefore, each loss is followed by a gain even larger than the

loss

The ob Protein: Leptin

Leptin’s Action in the Body:Negative Energy Balance

Leptin’s Action in the Body: Positive Energy Balance

The Psychology Weight Cycling

Where does this “I’m not

happy with my appearance” come from?

Comparison of Average Women, Barbie and Store Mannequins

““Average”Average”

WomenWomen

Barbie Barbie

Store Store MMannequinannequinss

HeightHeight

WeightWeight

Dress sizeDress size

BustBust

WaistWaist

HipsHips

BMIBMI

55’ ’ 4”4”

145 lbs.145 lbs.

11 -1411 -14

36 - 3736 - 37””

29 - 3129 - 31””

40 - 4240 - 42””

24.9724.97

66’ ’ 00””

101 lbs101 lbs

44

3939””

1919””

3333””

13.713.7

66’ ’ 00””

Not availableNot available

66

34”34”

23”23”

34”34”

BMI of Miss America Winners

Jamie Lee Curtis

Interview onDateline

following her Cover Story in More Magazine

Aggressive Methods of Weight Control

Drugs:

Sibutramine - suppresses appetite by inhibiting uptake of serotonin

Orlistat - inhibits pancreatic lipase activity lowering the efficiency of fat digestion and absorption

Over the counter: Benzocaine, Acutrim, Dex-A-Diet, Phenyldrine, Phenoxine,

Aggressive Methods of Weight Control

Herbal:

St. John’s Wort

Ma Huang - Ephedrine(Nature’s Own Fat Burner!!)

CLA (Conjugated Linoleic Acid)

Aggressive Methods of Weight Control

Surgery:

Suction lipectomy - Liposuction

Stomach restriction - Gastric Bypass Surgery

Surgical Methods of

Weight Control

Gastric Bypass

More Reasonable Methods for Weight Loss

Weight Loss Eating Plans:

- emphasize Adequacy- smaller portions (e.g. grazing)- emphasize Complex Carbs- select Fats wisely- emphasize Nutitional Density- drink lots of water- increase Physical Activity

More Reasonable Methods for Weight Gain

Weight Gain Eating Plans:

- Energy Dense Foods- Regular Meals- Add Extra Snacks- Juice & Milk- Physical Activity builds Muscle

Athlete Eating Disorders -

Female Athlete Triad

Anorexia NervosaBulimia Nervosa

Binge Eating DisordersThe Vicious Cycle:

Anorexia Nervosa

- refusal to maintain healthy body weight( Usually < 85% of healthy body weight )

- intense fear of gaining body weight

- see themselves in unrealistic way

- restrictive and binge-and-purge types

Bulimia Nervosa

- relatively normal body weight

- see themselves in unrealistic way

- purge and non-purging types

Binge Eating Disorder

- normal and obese body weight

- see themselves in unrealistic way

- rarely purge

- behavioral disorder


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