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Welcome to the APS Research to Practice Webinar Series!
Sponsored by the NAPSA-NCPEA Research Committee with support from the National Adult Protective Services Resource Center, and hosted by NCCD.
Webinar partners:
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Arlene Groh, RN, BAElder Abuse Restorative Justice ConsultantHealing Approaches to Elder Abuse and Mistreatment(www.healingapproaches.com)
“Addressing Elder Abuse: The Waterloo Restorative Justice Approach to Elder Abuse Project”
Rick Linden, Ph.D.Professor of Sociology at the University of Manitoba
Detective Constable David HaugheyWaterloo Regional Police Service working in partnership with Waterloo
Wellington Community Access Centre on the Elder Abuse Response Team
Elizabeth Nieson, RNElder Abuse Resource Consultant with Waterloo Wellington Community Access Centre working in partnership with Waterloo Region Police Service on the Elder Abuse Response Team
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Arlene Groh RN BA Elder Abuse/Restorative Justice Consultant
Dr. Rick LindenUniversity of [email protected]
Detective Dave Haughey and Elizabeth Nieson RNElder Abuse Response Team, Waterloo Regional Police Service
Addressing Elder Abuse: The WaterlooRestorative Justice Approach to
Elder Abuse Project
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Stories….
Is Healing Possible?
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Considerations
• Project genesis• Evaluation findings• Ripple effect of restorative justice• Current status of Waterloo’s Project
• Replication of the model
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Region of Waterloo,Ontario, Canada
• Population: 534,900• 1,382 sq/km• 3 urban municipalities
Cambridge,Kitchener andWaterloo
• Large rural areas, smalltowns/villages
• Diverse/multiculturalcommunity
• 2 universities/1 college
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Waterloo Regional Police Services
• Preserves law and order• Works to prevent crime• Provides safety and security to
people/property• Responds to elder abuse, even if charges
are unlikely• Works in partnership
“People Helping People”
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Community Care Access Centre
• Government-funded community-based healthservices
• Co-ordinates nursing, physical therapy,occupational therapy and personal support forpeople recovering from illness or injury or livingwith chronic illness or disability
• Facilitates the placement process into long-termcare homes
• Mandate to respond to abuse
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
History
• 1998 community similar to others• Restorative Justice Approaches to Elder Abuse
Project (2000-2004)
• Elder Abuse Response Team (2004-present)
• Truth, Justice, Mercy, Peace and Hope have lifeand interact
Restorative Justice World View
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Elder Abuse -Definition
“Elder abuse is the mistreatment of an elderly
person by someone that they should be able
to rely on: a spouse, a child, another family
member, a friend, or a paid caregiver.”Senate Committee Report on Aging, 2009 – Canada’s Aging Population: Seizing the Opportunity
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Reporting of Abuse
• Mandatory reporting varies across Canada
• Ontario has no mandatory reporting of
elder abuse with the exception of abuse in
Long-Term Care Homes and in Retirement
Homes.
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Traditional Justice
• Abuse is a violation of a law
• The alleged abuser is charged and triedbefore a Judge
• Prescribed standards forappropriate punishment
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Restorative Justice
• Paradigm Shift from Traditional Justice
• Philosophy or World View
Abuse is a violation of
people and relationships.
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Restorative Justice
“Restorative justice is an orientation, not a
type of program. It is a set of values and
beliefs about what justice means, which in
turn point to principles for responding to
criminal harm.”Sharpe, S. Restorative Justice: A Vision for Healing and Change
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Restorative Justice
“A process to involve, to the extentpossible, those who have a stake in aspecific offense and to collectivelyidentify and address harms, needsand obligations, in order to heal andput things as right as possible.”
Zehr, H., The Little Book of Restorative Justice
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Essence of Restorative Justice
Boils down to a set of questions:• Who has been hurt?• What are their needs?• Whose obligations are these?• Who has a stake in this situation?• What is the appropriate process to
involve stakeholders in an effort to putthings?
Zehr, H., The Little Book of Restorative Justice
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Project Genesis
• Incidents of abuse and neglect
• Reluctance to report abuse
• Failure to intervene• Retributive justice system failed to
resolve abuse issues.
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Restorative Justice Project www.healingapproaches.com
Goals:• To increase the reporting of abuse• To develop and implement a restorative
approach to elder abuse that encouragespersonal responsibility, permits healing, andpromotes healthier relationships
• To develop people’s own capacity to dealwith abuse
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Restorative Justice Project
Two Major Components
• Community Education• Seniors• Those who worked with older adults• Community members
• Restorative Justice Model to AddressElder Abuse
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Model Development
• Literature review• Community consultation• Consultation with experts.
Consensus:Choice of tool incident drivenPrinciples to Guide Practice.
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Restorative Justice Tools
• Mediation
• Shuttle Diplomacy
• Sentencing Circles
• Healing Circles
• Community Conferencing
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Guiding Principles
People have the right to—
• Safety: to live in safety and security.
• Dignity and Respect: to have personalvalues and preferences respected.
• Autonomy: to determine and controltheir own affairs
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Guiding Principles
People have the right to—• Access Information: to receive all the
available information they need inorder to make meaningful and informeddecisions.
• Confidentiality:to determine forthemselves what information is shared.
• The least restrictive means.(Adapted from Gallager et al, Victoria Elder Abuse Project, 1993)
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
The Circle Process
• Participants sit facing each other
• A container strong enough to hold anger,
frustration, joy, truth, conflict, opposite opinions
and strong feelings
• Talking piece
Everyone is equalEveryone is respected
Pranis, K., The Little Book of Circle Processes, A New/Old Approach to Peacemaking,
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Community Justice Initiatives(CJI) www.cjiwr.com
• Member of the collaborative• Non-profit since 1974• International recognition for starting
the first Restorative Justice program• Intake/screening/circle
facilitation/post circle follow up
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
When to Refer to CJI
• Early Stages of conflict
• Civil Dispute• After charge laid• During/after incarceration• After risk of imminent harm
is addressed
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Intake Screening
• Safe to proceed• Responsibility for harm done• All parties willing to participate
• Older adult is able to understand andwith stand the process
• Consensus of screening committee
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Pre-Circle
• Meet Separately
• Information About Process
• Understand the Issues
• Participation Voluntary
• Ensure Safe to Proceed
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Circle
People directly or indirectly affected bythe harm address:
• Why it happened
• What can be done to repair the harm
• What can be done to prevent it fromhappening again
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Evaluation
Self EvaluationQuantitative
FinalGroh, A. and Linden, R. (2011), Addressing Elder Abuse: The Waterloo Restorative
Justice Approach to Elder Abuse, Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Quantitative Findings (Dr. Michael Stones (2004)
• Community education: effectively impartedinformation about restorative justice.
• Interventions: for the most part effective inproviding satisfaction, safety, and protection forvictims of elder abuse.
• Stakeholders:uniformly committed to restorativejustice; contemplated growth of the project.
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Final Evaluation( Dr. Rick Linden )
• Conducted after the projectcompleted
• Review of all project documents: database, minutes of all meetings
• Key Person Interviews
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Final: Project Strengths
• Voice for seniors• Planning and implementation• Victim’s voice• Drama Troupe
• Educational component• Raised awareness for police, social and health
services, seniors• Collaborative Component
• Community partnerships developed (Matrix of40 agencies)
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Final: Project Weaknesses
• Lack of referrals
• Small number of completed circles
• Using volunteers for complex cases
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Evaluation Summary
• Successful in raising profile of elder abusein community (all three evaluations)
• Strong network of community partnersincluding the multicultural community (Selfand Final evaluation)
• Lack of referrals and difficultycompleting circle meant that restorativejustice could not be primary means ofdealing with elder abuse. (Final evaluation)
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Conflict Management
• Best way to deal with conflict is toestablish systems for conflict management
• Diverse agencies and organizations workingtogether to address elder abuse
• Multiple points of entry
• Multiple options for conflict resolutionR. Linden. A.Groh Addressing Elder Abuse:The Waterloo Restorative Justice Approach to Elder Abuse
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Elder Abuse Response Team
Waterloo Regional Police Service
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
The Elder Abuse Response Team
• MOU: Police and CCAC (in-home health services)
• Guided by Restorative Justice Values• Mandate to refer to restorative justice
process when appropriate• Broad range of other community options
Comprehensive Conflict ManagementApproach to Elder Abuse
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Benefits of Partnership
• Information sharing• Police – history of calls for service; knowledge
of provincial and federal statues• CCAC – obtaining and understanding health
care information• Information shared based on PHIPA and Police
Service Act and other privacy legislation• Enhanced network for referrals and
dispositions• Joint presentations to raise awareness
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Family Violence ProjectWaterloo Region
• SA/DV Treatment Centre• Mosaic Counselling Services• Community Action Program for
Children• EART• Victim Services• WRPS Domestic Violence• Family and Children Services• Women’s Crisis Services of
Waterloo Region• Credit Counselling Mosaic• Crown Attorney• Victim Witness Assistance
Program
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Nature of Investigation
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
%
Financial Neglect Physical Psychological
Type of abuse
2008
2009
2010
Source: Waterloo EART stats 2010
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Call Source
Source: Waterloo EART stats 2010
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Joint Investigation
• Safety (emergency housing option)• Determine offence: facts in issue• Background: investigative & intelligence; CCAC&
medical• Mobile audio/video for statements• Interview witnesses (family, caregivers, physicians,
community services)• Obtain relevant documents (POA, Dr., health care
professional assessments)• Interview subject (education; warnings; charges)
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Possible Dispositions
• Formal caution• Charges laid – traditional court process• Diversion to restorative justice (Community
Justice Initiatives)• Advocating for assessments• Referrals to community and professional supports• Advocating for support from informal caregivers
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Investigations
Source:WaterlooEARTstats2010
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
EART Evaluation(Dr. Rick Linden)
• Program exemplifies the development ofsound public policy
• Extensive redesign of original project• Successful in increasing referrals and
ensuring community partners work welltogether
• Impact of program on older adults shouldbe assessed by further research
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Back to the Stories
Was There Healing and Change?
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Looking Back…
Restorative JusticeValues and Philosophy Guided:• Development of project• Practice• How partners interacted• How conflict was resolved• Open dialogue
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Looking Forward…
Key elements for mobilizing your community
• Community Dialogue
• Support of Senior Management
• Build on existing foundation
• Funding
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Application of Model
“While the experiments, practices …from manycommunities… are instructive, none can orshould be copied….rather be an inspiration
and a place to begin”Zehr,H., Little Book of Restorative Justice
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
Thank you for your attention.Questions?
Arlene Groh RN BA Elder Abuse/Restorative Justice Consultant
Dr. Rick LindenUniversity of [email protected]
Detective Dave Haughey and Eliabeth Niesen RNElder Abuse Response Team, Waterloo Regional Police Service
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Arlene Groh RN, BA: Elder Abuse Restorative Justice Consultant
BibliographyDussich, J, and Schellenberg, J. (2010) (A. Groh, Contributor) The Promise of Restorative
Justice: New Approaches for Criminal Justice and Beyond, Boulder, USA, Lynne Rienner
Publishers, Inc.
Gordon, R and Elliott, E. (2005) (A. Groh, Contributor) New Directions in Restorative Justice:
Issues, Practice, Evaluation, Devon, UK: Will an Publishing.
Groh, A. (2003) A Healing Approach to Elder Abuse and Mistreatment: The Restorative
Justice Approaches to Elder Abuse Project. Waterloo: Community Care Access Centre of
Waterloo.
Linden, R. and Groh, A. (2011) Addressing Elder Abuse: The Waterloo Restorative Justice
Approach To Elder Abuse Project, Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect,
http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/WEAN
Lederach, J. (1999) The Journey Toward Reconciliation, Waterloo, ON: Harold Press
Nerenberg, L. (2008). Elder Abuse Prevention: Emerging Trends and Promising Strategies,
New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Pranis, Kay (2005). The Little Book of Circle Processes, A New? Old Approach to
Peacemaking, Intercourse, Pa: Good Books.
Prannis, K., Stuart, B., & Wedge, M., (2003). Peacemaking Circles, From Crime to Community.
Living Justice Press, St. Paul, Minnesota.
Sharpe, S. (2011). Walking the Talk: Developing Ethics Frameworks For the Practice of
Restorative Justice. Community Justice Initiatives Association, B.C.
http://www.cjivc.org/walking_the_talk.
Zehr, H. (2002). The Little Book of Restorative Justice. Intercourse, Pa: Good Books.
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SAVE THE DATE
May 7, 2012 from 1:00 – 2:30 pm Central
Presenters: Dr. Ken Conrad and Dr. Madelyn Iris
Topic: Self‐report Measure of Psychological AbuseThe Gerontologist, Vol. 51, No. 3, 354–366, December 2010
Registration information forthcoming.