Download - Wellheads (2)
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Development Phase
September October 2005abalt solutions limited - 2005
INTRODUCTION TO HYDROCARBON EXPLOITATION
Introduction to Hydrocarbon Exploitation
2005 Abalt Solutions Limited. All rights reserved
Development Phase
Well Heads
DrillingEngineering-Wellhead
s
2005 Abalt Solutions Limited. All rights reserved
Introduction
All Surface equipment topping off the architecture
of a well. It consists of Hangers, Christmas treeand all other hardware suspended with respect
to safety and reliability of a well.
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Development Phase
September October 2005abalt solutions limited - 2005
INTRODUCTION TO HYDROCARBON EXPLOITATION
DrillingEnginee
ring-Wellheads
2005 Abalt Solutions Limited. All rights reserved
Introduction
DrillingEngineering-Wellhead
s
2005 Abalt Solutions Limited. All rights reserved
Changes in Wellhead
Changes in wellhead during a drilling operation
are described based on the following
Drilling 17 Hole
Casing 13 3/8
Drilling 12 Hole
Casing 9 5/8
Drilling 8 Hole
Casing 7
Drilling 6 Hole
Completions
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Development Phase
September October 2005abalt solutions limited - 2005
INTRODUCTION TO HYDROCARBON EXPLOITATION
DrillingEnginee
ring-Wellheads
2005 Abalt Solutions Limited. All rights reserved
Drilling 17 Hole
The initial architecture of well consists of bellnipple or conductor.
Only if there is shallow gas-Diverter is used
Surface casing is run in and cemented right tothe surface.
Wait on Cement and then mount the Casing-
head housing.
Diverter Its an annular type BOP .
Working pressure is low
Functions to divert any blow out to a flare.
DrillingEngineering-Wellhead
s
2005 Abalt Solutions Limited. All rights reserved
Drilling 17 Hole
Casing Head Housing
First Component screwed,welded or forged to surfacecasing.
In the event casing stringgets stuck on the waydown, connection can bemade only after pipe is cutoff and welded.
Bore in upper part ofhousing can be cylindricalor tapered to supportcasing hangers and sealsfor next casing string.
The surface casing andhousing support all thecasings and BOPsanticipated.
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Development Phase
September October 2005abalt solutions limited - 2005
INTRODUCTION TO HYDROCARBON EXPLOITATION
DrillingEnginee
ring-Wellheads
2005 Abalt Solutions Limited. All rights reserved
Drilling 17 Hole
Assembling BOP The Wellhead is
complete for thisdrilling phase withmud cross andOperatorsrecommendedBOP.
Wear bushinglocked with
locking flange andradial threadedrods inside casinghead housing toprotect bore fromerosion.
DrillingEngineering-Wellhead
s
2005 Abalt Solutions Limited. All rights reserved
Drilling 17 Hole
Pressure Tests
Wellhead must be pressure tested Whenever anything is assembled
Whenever anything is dismantled
Periodically according to Operator
All valves and pair of pipe rams aretested by pumping into annulus viakill line
Tested using
Tester cup Tool screwed on to end of DP and to
10 to 30m into casing.
All valves and pipe rams are tested
Tester plug Plug with O rings are rested in casing
head
Pipe rams, annular and accessoriescan be tested.
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Development Phase
September October 2005abalt solutions limited - 2005
INTRODUCTION TO HYDROCARBON EXPLOITATION
DrillingEnginee
ring-Wellheads
2005 Abalt Solutions Limited. All rights reserved
Drilling 12 Hole
Drilling with 12 bit.
9 5/8 casing is run and then cemented up to
desired height from shoe.
Wear bushing is removed from casing-headhousing.
Casing tensioned and anchored placing weight
of 9 5/8 on casing spider and disconnectingflanges between mud cross and CHH.
Lift BOP Structure. Place Casing Hangers in between 9 5/8 casing
and bore of the casing head housing.
DrillingEngineering-Wellhead
s
2005 Abalt Solutions Limited. All rights reserved
Drilling 12 Hole
Casing Hangers
Devices to anchor and hangcasing strings in the CHH.
Each has slips to hang thecasing into tapered sectionof CHH.
Contains rubber ring sealingassembly.
Types
Separate Packers andHangers
Hangers and incorporatedpackers
Automatic hangers.
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Development Phase
September October 2005abalt solutions limited - 2005
INTRODUCTION TO HYDROCARBON EXPLOITATION
DrillingEnginee
ring-Wellheads
2005 Abalt Solutions Limited. All rights reserved
Drilling 12 Hole
Casing Head Spools
Also supports casingstrings.
2 Flanges of differentsizes and workingpressures
Lower flange-samedimension andworking pressure as
casing-head housing.It has a cylindrical
bore and seal system. Upper part-cylindrical
or tapered toaccommodate casing
hangers of next string
DrillingEngineering-Wellhead
s
2005 Abalt Solutions Limited. All rights reserved
Drilling 8 Hole
Principle is same aspreceding phase
Casing stringanchored after wearbushing has beenremoved.
Casing cut-offaccording to thecomponents that willbe assembled on topof 7 string.
Testing/Pack-offflange is connected
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Development Phase
September October 2005abalt solutions limited - 2005
INTRODUCTION TO HYDROCARBON EXPLOITATION
DrillingEnginee
ring-Wellheads
2005 Abalt Solutions Limited. All rights reserved
Drilling 8 Hole
Tubing Head Spools Identical to double flanged casing-head spools and suspend tubing.
Tubing Hangers Consist of threaded hanger with seal on tapered outside part which
corresponds to tubing head.
Held by screws on upper flange of tubing head.
Length of tubing is screwed on to upper female part of hanger. For dual completions, special tubing head must be used.
DrillingEngineering-Wellhead
s
2005 Abalt Solutions Limited. All rights reserved
Drilling 8 Hole
Dual tubing hangerconnection
Well head for 6 Drilling
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Development Phase
September October 2005abalt solutions limited - 2005
INTRODUCTION TO HYDROCARBON EXPLOITATION
DrillingEnginee
ring-Wellheads
2005 Abalt Solutions Limited. All rights reserved
Drilling 8 Hole
Courtesy:ABB
DrillingEngineering-Wellhead
s
2005 Abalt Solutions Limited. All rights reserved
Drilling 6 Hole
The 7casing is run in holeand cemented at top of payzone.
Producing layer is drilledand completed by running5 liner anchored in the 7
casing. Casing is perforated and
production packer set.
Tubing & hanger are run in.
After BOPs are dismantled,an adapter flange fitting onthe tubing head &supporting lower part ofmaster valves completeswellhead.
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Development Phase
September October 2005abalt solutions limited - 2005
INTRODUCTION TO HYDROCARBON EXPLOITATION
DrillingEnginee
ring-Wellheads
2005 Abalt Solutions Limited. All rights reserved
Blowout Preventers
Pressure control devices that hold and maintain pressureduring drilling operations.
Designed to:
Seal off the well when formations are encountered thatcontain pressure>hydrostatic pressure of drilling mud.
Allow mud circulation & density adjustment according toformation fluids under pressure.
Characterized by:
Make
Type
Nominal size
Working pressure
DrillingEngineering-Wellhead
s
2005 Abalt Solutions Limited. All rights reserved
Characteristics for each Preventer:
Maximum opening diameter allowing drilling bits to pass through. Opening & closing ratios; ratio between pressure prevailing in well
when the Preventer is closed or opened) and hydrostatic pressurerequired to close or open) the preventers.
Working pressure 1000;2000;3000;5000;10,000;15,000 & 20,000
Nominal diameters 30,29,21 ,20 ,18 ,16 ,13 5/8,11 & 7 1/6
Make Cameron
Shaffer
Hydril Vetco Gray
Blowout Preventers
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Development Phase
September October 2005abalt solutions limited - 2005
INTRODUCTION TO HYDROCARBON EXPLOITATION
DrillingEnginee
ring-Wellheads
2005 Abalt Solutions Limited. All rights reserved
Types of BOPs
Ram type preventers
Pipe rams
Blind rams
Shear rams
Annular type preventers
Rotating preventers
Inside preventers
DrillingEngineering-Wellhead
s
2005 Abalt Solutions Limited. All rights reserved
Ram preventers
Pipe Rams Semi circular openings which match
diameter of pipe sizes for whichdesigned.
If more than one size of drill pipe is
used, additional preventers must beused on stack.
Blind rams Designed to close when no pipe is
used.
Will flatten drill pipe if inadvertently
closed with drill string in hole, but willnot stop flow from well.
Shear rams Designed to shear drill string.
Will cause drill string to drop in hole &
stop flow from well.
Used mainly when all pipe rams andannular preventers have failed.
Types of BOPs
Courtesy :Cameron
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Development Phase
September October 2005abalt solutions limited - 2005
INTRODUCTION TO HYDROCARBON EXPLOITATION
DrillingEnginee
ring-Wellheads
2005 Abalt Solutions Limited. All rights reserved
Types of BOPs
Shear rams
Blind rams
Pipe rams
DrillingEngineering-Wellhead
s
2005 Abalt Solutions Limited. All rights reserved
Annular Preventer Sometimes called bag-type Preventer
Stops flow from well using a ring of synthetic rubber that contractsin the fluid passage.
Rubber packing conforms to shape pf pipe
Working pressures:
2000 psi
5000 psi
10,000 psi
Types of BOPs
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Development Phase
September October 2005abalt solutions limited - 2005
INTRODUCTION TO HYDROCARBON EXPLOITATION
DrillingEnginee
ring-Wellheads
2005 Abalt Solutions Limited. All rights reserved
Rotating Preventer This type of Preventer
allows the drill string to
be rotated & run in orout.
Placed above normal
preventers and used fordrilling under pressure
when low density mud isrequired.
Used for drilling with air
or gas as fluid
Types of BOPs
DrillingEngineering-Wellhead
s
2005 Abalt Solutions Limited. All rights reserved
Different BOP Stack combinations
According to IADC:
3-Ram and 1 Bag type-10,000 psi15,000Very High Pressure
3-Ram and 1 Bag type-5000 psi10,000High Pressure
2-Ram and 1 Bag type5000Medium Pressure
2-Ram and 1 Bag type3000Low Pressure
2-Ram or 1 Bag type2000Light
StackWorking Pressure (psi)Duty
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Development Phase
September October 2005abalt solutions limited - 2005
INTRODUCTION TO HYDROCARBON EXPLOITATION
DrillingEnginee
ring-Wellheads
2005 Abalt Solutions Limited. All rights reserved
Different BOP Stack combinations
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DrillingEngineering-Wellhead
s
2005 Abalt Solutions Limited. All rights reserved
BOP Hydraulic Control Systems
Principles
All Bops and wellhead valves are hydraulically
actuated & operated.
There is always one line on opening side & one
on closing side.
Volume of fluid required to carry out a givennumber of emergency open/close functionsshould be specified by operator.
Pressure must be exerted to get a good seal.
Time required to close all BOPs must be
calculated.
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Development Phase
September October 2005abalt solutions limited - 2005
INTRODUCTION TO HYDROCARBON EXPLOITATION
DrillingEnginee
ring-Wellheads
2005 Abalt Solutions Limited. All rights reserved
Several Air/Oil accumulators
Set of hydraulic pumps
Direct control manifold
Remote controlled manifold
BOP Hydraulic Control Systems
DrillingEngineering-Wellhead
s
2005 Abalt Solutions Limited. All rights reserved
Operation Hydraulic fluid
discharged by pumpsto accumulatorscompress a bladderfilled with Nitrogen.
Pressure equilibriumbetween gas & fluid inaccumulator.
Gas acts as a springthat expels the oil whencircuit is opened bymeans of one of fourway valves that selectsthe functions.
Hydraulic pumps start& stop automaticallyand main circuit isregulated at 1500 psi.
BOP Hydraulic Control Systems