Download - West Virgina 4.7.11 #4 Cognitive Distortions
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Making GoodMaking Good
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Past AssumptionsPast Assumptions
Offenders make excusesOffenders make excuses
ThereforeTherefore
Antidote is to take responsibilityAntidote is to take responsibility
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Liverpool Desistance StudyLiverpool Desistance Study
Offended at least once a week for at leastOffended at least once a week for at least
two yearstwo years
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PersistersPersisters Have been offendingHave been offending
Plan to continuePlan to continue
DesistersDesisters Over a year crime freeOver a year crime free
Planned on desistingPlanned on desisting
On average desisted 2On average desisted 2to 3 yearsto 3 years
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CaveatsCaveats
General offenders, mostly propertyGeneral offenders, mostly property
SelfSelf--reportreport
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Most of the persisters one finds do notMost of the persisters one finds do not
seem to really persist, most desisters doseem to really persist, most desisters do
not seem to really desist, and, honestly, itnot seem to really desist, and, honestly, itis getting harder than ever to find anyis getting harder than ever to find any
innocents.innocents.
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Persisters and DesistersPersisters and Desisters
Did Not DifferDid Not Differ
Personality TraitsPersonality Traits
ConscientiousnessConscientiousness
Openness to ExperienceOpenness to ExperienceAgreeablenessAgreeableness
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Persisters and DesistersPersisters and Desisters
Did Not DifferDid Not Differ
Abused and Neglected as ChildrenAbused and Neglected as Children
DesistingDesisting 37%37%
ActiveActive 35%35%
(Maruna, 2000)(Maruna, 2000)
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Persisters and DesistersPersisters and Desisters
Did Not DifferDid Not Differ
EducationEducation
Left School at 16Left School at 16
PersistersPersisters 63%63%
DesistersDesisters 65%65%
((MarunaMaruna, 2000), 2000)
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Addicted to DrugsAddicted to Drugs
PersistersPersisters 65%65%
DesistersDesisters 67%67%
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Criminality and Drug UseCriminality and Drug Use
Incarcerated OffendersIncarcerated Offenders
Drug AbuseDrug Abuse 41% First Offenders41% First Offenders
63% 2 Convictions63% 2 Convictions
81% 5 orMore Convictions81% 5 orMore Convictions
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Cognitive DistortionsCognitive Distortions
Exaggerated and unrealistic control overExaggerated and unrealistic control over
futurefuture
Inflated, narcissistic, missionary sense ofInflated, narcissistic, missionary sense of
purposepurpose
Past not shameful but necessary prelude toPast not shameful but necessary prelude to
future callingfuture calling
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Who Held Cognitive Distortions?Who Held Cognitive Distortions?
DesistersDesisters
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PersistersPersisters
Fairly AccurateFairly Accurate
Assessments of situationAssessments of situation
Chance of success in straight worldChance of success in straight world
Place in mainstream societyPlace in mainstream society
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PersistersPersisters
Sense of helplessnessSense of helplessness
Outcome determinedOutcome determined
Lack of choicesLack of choices
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Q. What do you see in your life, say 5 or 10Q. What do you see in your life, say 5 or 10
years down the road?years down the road?
Im scared to think that far ahead actually.Im scared to think that far ahead actually.
Right now, Im just living one day at aRight now, Im just living one day at a
time actually. You cant afford to looktime actually. You cant afford to look
any furtherI suppose, cause you justany furtherI suppose, cause you just
dont know whats around the nextdont know whats around the next
corner.corner.
((MarunaMaruna, 2000, p. 76), 2000, p. 76)
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DesistersDesisters 5 times more likely have5 times more likely have
language of agencylanguage of agency
((MarunaMaruna, 2000), 2000)
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Q. How about long term, 5 or 10 yearsQ. How about long term, 5 or 10 years
down the road? Any vision?down the road? Any vision?
I havent got a vision to be truthful, longI havent got a vision to be truthful, long
term. Maybe Ill win the lottery, youterm. Maybe Ill win the lottery, you
know.know.
(Maruna, 2000, p. 80)(Maruna, 2000, p. 80)
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ExternalizationExternalization
The drink was killing me by the age of 21.The drink was killing me by the age of 21.
Heroin made me sneaky.Heroin made me sneaky.
It just happened to lapse.It just happened to lapse.
(Maruna, 2000, p. 93)(Maruna, 2000, p. 93)
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It started off with little things and then itIt started off with little things and then it
got bigger, you know.got bigger, you know.
It just went on and on. It went on like thatIt just went on and on. It went on like that
for about 2 or 3 years.for about 2 or 3 years.
Youre stuck in a vicious circle.Youre stuck in a vicious circle.
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I, Me and ItI, Me and It
Deviance is ItDeviance is It
It wasnt me.It wasnt me.
It does things to me.It does things to me.
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Persisters and DesistersPersisters and Desisters
Had conventional moralityHad conventional morality
Objected to crime in abstractObjected to crime in abstract
Felt personally forced to do itFelt personally forced to do it Justified previous behaviorJustified previous behavior
Did not show any real regret for crimesDid not show any real regret for crimes
Did not see selves as criminalsDid not see selves as criminals
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DesistersDesisters
Developed a Story ToDeveloped a Story To
Rationalize failings of the pastRationalize failings of the past
Justify decision to go straightJustify decision to go straight
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DesistersDesisters
Unrealistically OptimisticUnrealistically Optimistic
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GrandiosityGrandiosity
I believe that all recovering addicts are theI believe that all recovering addicts are the
Chosen Ones. Thats my point of view. IChosen Ones. Thats my point of view. I
feel we are all chosen by God, becausefeel we are all chosen by God, because
were loved. . . The people who are notwere loved. . . The people who are not
addicts, theyre notaddicts, theyre not they still have theirthey still have their
problems. People who are in recovery. . .problems. People who are in recovery. . .
They learn how to live life on lifes terms.They learn how to live life on lifes terms.((MarunaMaruna, 2000, pp. 98, 2000, pp. 98--99)99)
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DesistersDesisters
Rationalized and Made Excuses forPastRationalized and Made Excuses forPast
Because of all that I have been through, IBecause of all that I have been through, Iam now this new way.am now this new way.
((MarunaMaruna, 2000), 2000)
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I now feel as though I can achieve what IveI now feel as though I can achieve what Ive
alwaysalways wanted to achieve, you know,wanted to achieve, you know,
which is gain some qualifications and get awhich is gain some qualifications and get a
job that I can, um, help other people in.job that I can, um, help other people in.
(Maruna, 2000, p. 89)(Maruna, 2000, p. 89)
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What I always saw in other people wasWhat I always saw in other people was
one thing Ione thing Ialways wanted,always wanted, and that wasand that was
integrity. . . .Its either in you or it isnt and Iintegrity. . . .Its either in you or it isnt and I
used to thinkused to think I knew I had integrity, butI knew I had integrity, but
as soon as I used to pick up a drink, it justas soon as I used to pick up a drink, it just
went wayward.went wayward.
(Maruna, 2000, 89)(Maruna, 2000, 89)
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I wasnt happy selling [drugs], you know.I wasnt happy selling [drugs], you know.Youre making money and whatever, itYoure making money and whatever, itwas just something that, what it was, itwas just something that, what it was, it
was the people that Id come into contactwas the people that Id come into contactwith, selling it. I just didnt like . . It tookwith, selling it. I just didnt like . . It tookme into a world, a seedy world that I didntme into a world, a seedy world that I didntlike.. . I mean the lowlike.. . I mean the low--life scum bags, lowlife scum bags, low
intelligence, you know. I had nothing inintelligence, you know. I had nothing incommon.common.
(Maruna, 2000, p. 91)(Maruna, 2000, p. 91)
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Redemption ScriptRedemption Script
Always a good soulAlways a good soul
A victim of circumstanceA victim of circumstance
G
ood
accidentally involved with crimeG
ood
accidentally involved with crime Product of his childhoodProduct of his childhood
With help from outside forceWith help from outside force
Can now accomplish what was meant toCan now accomplish what was meant tododo
Now must give something backNow must give something back
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Desisting OffendersDesisting Offenders
Continuity between Oldest Self and New SelfContinuity between Oldest Self and New Self
a good braina good braina good hearta good heart
street smartsstreet smarts
understanding of how life worksunderstanding of how life works
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The Original Me, Not NewThe Original Me, Not New
MeMe
Instead of discovering a new me, theInstead of discovering a new me, the
desisting exdesisting ex--offender reaches back intooffender reaches back intoearly experience to find and reestablish anearly experience to find and reestablish an
old me in order to desist.old me in order to desist.
((MarunaMaruna, 2000, p. 89), 2000, p. 89)
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It was just that, um, I realized that the entireIt was just that, um, I realized that the entirething had all been an act, my entire life, allthing had all been an act, my entire life, allthe criminal offenses, all me drug taking, itthe criminal offenses, all me drug taking, it
was all a sham. . . It was just like what itwas all a sham. . . It was just like what itwas, was right at the core of me, I am whowas, was right at the core of me, I am whoI am now, who Ive always been inside.I am now, who Ive always been inside.Ive always been intelligent, right, inside.Ive always been intelligent, right, inside.
Ive always been intelligent, honest, hardIve always been intelligent, honest, hardworking, truth, erm, nice, you know love.. .working, truth, erm, nice, you know love.. ..it couldnt get out. (Maruna, 2000, p. 92).it couldnt get out. (Maruna, 2000, p. 92)
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ContinuityContinuity
All the energy we used to have for thievingAll the energy we used to have for thieving
we used to get up and rob all over thewe used to get up and rob all over the
country . . . all that energy has just gonecountry . . . all that energy has just gone
into all legit things, you know.into all legit things, you know.
((MarunaMaruna, 2000, p. 92), 2000, p. 92)
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Redemptive NarrativesRedemptive Narratives
In pastIn past No control or choiceNo control or choice
In futureIn future All control and choiceAll control and choice
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Taking ResponsibilityTaking Responsibility
Vs Excuse MakingVs Excuse Making
DesistersDesisters PersistersPersisters
NeutralNeutral
ReportingReporting 1/31/3 1/31/3
ExcusesExcuses 1/31/3 1/31/3
((MarunaMaruna, 2000), 2000)
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Em, yea, I was selling drugs, so I got doneEm, yea, I was selling drugs, so I got donefor supplying. Ive been done forfor supplying. Ive been done forpossession, shoplifting, stolen checkpossession, shoplifting, stolen check
books, social security books, but I can stillbooks, social security books, but I can stillput my hand on me heart and say I neverput my hand on me heart and say I neverwalked into anyones house and took theirwalked into anyones house and took theirmoney. So theres still some morals, Imoney. So theres still some morals, I
mean.mean.(Maruna, 2000, p. 134)(Maruna, 2000, p. 134)