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Chapter
AP* Sixth Edition
World CivilizationsThe Global Experience
World CivilizationsThe Global Experience
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Western Society and Western Society and Eastern Europe in the Eastern Europe in the Decades of the Cold WarDecades of the Cold War
31
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Western Society and Eastern Europe in the Decades of the Cold War
I. After World War II: A New International Setting for the West
II. The Resurgence of Western Europe
III. Cold War Allies: The United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand
IV. Culture and Society in the West
V. Europe After World War II: A Soviet Empire
VI. Soviet Culture: Promoting New Beliefs and Institutions
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Western Society and Eastern Europe in the Decades of the Cold War
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Western Society and Eastern Europe in the Decades of the Cold War
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
After World War II: A New International Setting for the West
• Europe and Its Colonies– Most colonies abandoned
hostility force necessary• force eschewed
– Vietnam French forced out, 1954
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
After World War II: A New International Setting for the West
• Europe and Its Colonies– Algeria
independence, 1962
– Egypt Britain, France attack U.S., Russia force them to withdraw
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Cold War
• Eastern block formed– Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria,
Hungary, East Germany
• Marshall Plan, 1947
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Cold War
• Germany– allies rebuild, from 1946– Russian blockade, 1947– American airlift– split, 1948
• NATO, 1949• Warsaw Pact
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Soviet and Eastern European Boundaries by 1948
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Spread of Aryan Settlement
• Aryans are named for their use of Sanskrit and other languages included in the Indo-Aryan family of languages
• Arrived in waves from either central Asia or the Iranian plateau, mixed with local people and moved eastward to the Ganges by 1000 B.C.E.
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Germany After World War II
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Resurgence of Western Europe
• The Spread of Liberal Democracy– Christian Democrats
social reform
• Federal Republic of Germany• France
– Fifth Republic, 1958
• Portugal, Spain– democratic, parliamentary systems
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Resurgence of Western Europe
• The Welfare State– Western Europe
United States, Canada later unemployment insurance medicine housing family assistance
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The European Union
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
New Challenges to Political Stability
• Civil rights movement• Feminism, environmentalism
– Green Movement
• The Diplomatic Context– European Economic Community, 1958
Common Market
– Single currency, 2001 euro
– European Community, 2002
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Economic Expansion
• Economic growth• High unemployment elsewhere
– workers into Europe, U.S.
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Women at Work
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Cold War Allies: The United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand
• The Former Dominions– Canada
welfare policies French/English division 1982, new constitution
– Australia, New Zealand defense pact with U.S., 1951 take part in Korean War Australia supports U.S. in Vietnam from 1970s, more independent
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The "U.S. Century"?
• 1950s– policy of containment against Soviet Union
• Vietnam, 1960s– U.S. withdraws, 1975
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Culture and Society in the West
• Social Structure– White-collar sector expands– Crime rates increase– Racism, anti-immigration conflict
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Culture and Society in the West
• The Women's Revolution– 1950s
more education job opportunities access to divorce reproductive rights
– Simone de The Second Sex, 1949 Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Culture and Society in the West
• Western Culture– "Brain drain" to U.S.– Genetics, nuclear, space research– Pop art– Pablo Picasso
• A Lively Popular Culture– Vitality in popular culture
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Europe After World War II:A Soviet Empire
• The Soviet Union as Superpower– Expands in Pacific
Pacific Islands, North Korea
– Influence via aid Chinese, Vietnamese communism Nationalists in Africa, Middle East, Asia
– Cuba alliance
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The New Soviet Empire in Eastern Europe
• Dominance of all but Greece, Albania, Yugoslavia
• East Germans protest, 1953– suppressed– Berlin Wall, 1961
to stop flight to west
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The New Soviet Empire in Eastern Europe
• After 1956, death of Stalin– Hungary, Poland
moderate regimes Hungary crushed
– Czechoslovakia liberal regime suppressed, 1968
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The New Soviet Empire in Eastern Europe
• Poland– Army takes control, 1970s
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Evolution of Domestic Policies
• Cultural isolation
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Soviet Culture: Promoting New Beliefs and Institutions
• Orthodox Church– state control
• Jews restricted• Party ideals dictate art
– literature retains vitality– Alexander Solzhenitsyn
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Economy and Society
• Industrialization by 1950s– state control
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Economy and Society
• De-Stalinization– Kruschev, 1956– attacks Stalinism– followed by stagnation
• Space, arms race• Rift with China, 1950s• Invasion of Afghanistan
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Global Connections:The Cold War and the World
• The cold war dominates much of the history of the period from1945 to 1992– Some countries profit
• Commonalities– Secularism– Emphasis on science– Challenges to social conventions