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Westward Expansion1820 - 1860
1-Oregon Country2-The Republic of Texas3-California and the Southwest4-The Mexican War5-Americans Rush West
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Objectives
• Explain why settlers and trappers were attracted to Oregon and the Far West.
• Describe how mountain men helped explore lands in the Far West.
• Describe the role missionaries played in the settlement of Oregon.
• Discuss the hardships settlers faced on wagon trains to the West.
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The Lure of Oregon
• Settlers headed West for good land/climate• Oregon Country – region West of Rocky Mountains
(Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Wyoming, Montana, western Canada)
Pacific Coast: soil fertile, mild temps, rainfall plentiful (Willamette River)
Mountain Range: dense forests, fur-bearing animals (fur trappers 1st to Oregon County)
Coastal to Rockies: barren & dry, home to neither fur trappers or farmers
• 1818 – US & Britain occupy Oregon jointly• Citizens of each nation have equal rights
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Fur Trappers in the Far West
• Mountain Men – settled in Oregon, trapped & lived off land
• Admired as “rugged individualists” (follow own independent course in life)
• Wore animal hides, porcupine quills, long hair• Dangerous job, food scarce, learned from Native
Americans
• Fall/spring – tended traps• July – Rendezvous (wilderness meeting point to
trade)• Trading began to fail, mountain med began
leading settlers across trails to Oregon
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Exploring New Lands
• Jedediah Smith – led settlers across Rockies through South Pass (Wyoming)
• Manuel Lisa – Latino fur trader, led trip up Missouri River in 1807, founded Fort Manuel (1st outpost)
• James Beckwourth – AA, travelled West from VA to escape slavery, Chief Crow Indians, discovered Sierra Nevadas (California)
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Missionaries in Oregon
• 1st settlers in Oregon• Marcus & Narcissa Whitman - misson
Columbia River, worked w/Cayuse Indians• 1840 – many to Oregon• 1847 – measles outbreak to Cayuses
(children), Indians attacked mission, killing Whitmans and 12 others
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Wagon Trains West
• “Oregon Fever” – 1843, wagon trains every Spring to Oregon on Oregon Trail
• Pioneers covered 2000 miles in 5 months• Dangers – drowning, heat, snow blocked trails,
Cholera spread quickly• Native Americans traded w/pioneers• 1840-1860: 50,000 people reached Oregon,
outnumbered British• Leads to U.S wanting Oregon solely