Download - What A Physician Sees in Health Reform
What A Physician Sees What A Physician Sees in Health Reformin Health ReformGerard Clancy, M.DPresidentUniversity of Oklahoma, Tulsa
Overview of SessionsOverview of Sessions
1. “Undeniable” Driving Factors for Health Reform.
2. At least 5 Federal Initiatives in play regarding health reform.
3. What next regarding legislative process.4. Impact for Oklahoma.
Driving Factors 1 and 2..Driving Factors 1 and 2..
Cost and Quality of Health Care in the US
Drive to Bend the Health Care Cost Curve
Health Spending in the US is quite variable.Health Spending in the US is quite variable.
Dartmouth Health Atlas 2009Dartmouth Health Atlas 2009
Not OK!!Not OK!!
Oklahoma’s extra Oklahoma’s extra burden on health burden on health leaders-leaders-Reduce costs in a Reduce costs in a State with terrible State with terrible health statushealth status
Driving Factor 3…Driving Factor 3…Moral Obligation – those without
health care coverage are suffering
Probability of late vs. early diagnosis of cancer, uninsured compared to those with
commercial insurance, 1994
1.7
2.6
1.4
1.5
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0
Colorectalcancer
Melanoma
Breast cancer
Prostatecancer
Source: Roetzheim, et. al., 1999; KFF Chartbook
47 million uninsured in the US - Individuals without insurance are 1.4 to 2.6 times more likely than the insured to be diagnosed with last versus early stage cancer.
Bedlam Evening Dermatology Clinic
Bedlam Evening Bedlam Evening Dermatology ClinicDermatology Clinic
Bedlam Evening Dermatology Clinic
Driving Factor 4…Driving Factor 4…
Physician distribution by specialty and geography
US short by 250,000 US short by 250,000 physicians in next 10 years physicians in next 10 years AAMCAAMC
• Increase in US population• Increase in life expectancy• Baby boomer demand• Declines in medical school class sizes.
TOTAL PHYSICIANS IN 2005PER 100K POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
AK AL
AR
AZ
CA
CN
CO DE
FL
GA H
IIA ID IL IN KS
KY LA MA
MD
ME MI
MN
MO
MS
MT
NC
ND
NE
NH NJ
NM
NV
NY
OH
OK
OR
PA R
IS
CS
D TN
TX
UT
VA VT
WA WI
WV
WY
Created by Michael Lapolla, OU College of Public Health, December 2007
23
204 228302
350
194
1,616
1665
11866 63 28
755
2,921
352
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
Most Rural 7 6 5 4 3 2 Most Urban
MD PHYSICIANS
DO PHYSICIANS
PHYSICIANS IN OKLAHOMABY TYPE OF COUNTY
Counties aggregated using the 2003 Rural/Urban Continuum Codes, Economic Research Service, Department of Agriculture. Physicians are the Total Active Non-Federal Physicians (both MD and DO) per the American Medical Association Physician Masterfile as of December 31, 2005. Source: Area Resource File, June 2007, DHHS,HRSA, BHPr Evaluation and Analysis Branch
Created by Michael Lapolla, OU College of Public Health, December 2007
MDs and DOs practice MDs and DOs practice in Urban Oklahomain Urban Oklahoma
Age-Adjusted Death Rate in Tulsa Physician Density in Tulsa
Oklahoma among the last in the US in Physicians per Capita
Part 2 – Health Reform
5 Federal Responses 5 Federal Responses in 2009in 2009
1. American Recovery and Reconstruction Act - Stimulus2. Public Health Services Act3. America’s Health Future Act – Senate Finance Bill4. America’s Affordable Health Choices Act – House Bill5. Republican Option
ARRA – “Stimulus”ARRA – “Stimulus”
Health Arena:• Propped up Medicaid – kept Medicaid from decreasing
rates, eligibility and benefits. • Health facility construction – mostly research• NIH Challenge Grants - • Federally Qualified Health Center expansions – clinic
capacity and facilities. • Health Information Technologies:
– Electronic Medical Records– Health Information Exchange
Public Health Services ActPublic Health Services ActAmerica’s Affordable Health Choices ActAmerica’s Affordable Health Choices ActAmerica’s Health Future ActAmerica’s Health Future Act
2009 Health Reform Initiatives
• Health Insurance ReformHealth Insurance Reform• Expanded health care coverage – with or Expanded health care coverage – with or
without “public option.”without “public option.”
• CLASS – Community Living Assistance Support Services
• Community Health Teams – Medical Home Model, school-based clinics
• Underserved populations health outcomes research.
• Regionalized emergency response systems. • Regional Health Information Exchange
Consortia• Interdisciplinary work – MDs, SW, PharmD,
RNs for underserved populations. • Health Workforce – primary care, mental
health, PAs, NPs for underserved populations.
• Redistribution – physician geography and specialties to serve underserved populations.
1. Insurance Reform – 15% of Bills
• Limit lifetime limits• Prohibit denial of coverage because of
pre-existing illness• Portability across employers• Health benefit plan exchanges• Risk pooling for individuals.• Increasing competition – across State
lines.
2.2. Health Care Coverage Expansion – Health Care Coverage Expansion – 15% of Bills15% of Bills
• Federal Assistance Percentage (FMAP) increased and extended – pertinent to Medicaid and GME.
• Expanded Medicaid and SCHIP- 150% of poverty.• American Health Benefit “Gateways” – affordable
insurance options with mandated basic package.• “Navigators” – educate and facilitate the public to be
insured.• Mandates on who must be insured.• Public option – government sponsored health coverage.
– Senate – No– House - Yes
3.3. Modification of Health Care Modification of Health Care DeliveryDelivery
• CLASS – Community Living Assistance Support Services
• Community Health Teams – Patient Centered Medical Home Model
• Regionalized Systems for Emergency Care Responsiveness
• Trauma Care Systems
• Preventive Care• Care Coordination• Nurse Managed Health
Clinics (NMHCs)• School Based Health
Clinics (SBHCs)• Dental Care Outreach• Community
Transformation Grants
4. 4. Quality, Transparency and Quality, Transparency and EffectivenessEffectiveness
• Comparative Effectiveness Research• Demonstration programs to integrate quality
improvement and patient safety training into clinical education in the health care professions:– MD– RN– PharmD– SW
• Center for Quality Improvement.• Web Hubs to compare health system and
physician quality performance.
5. 5. Health Information TechnologyHealth Information Technology
• Promotion of use of EMR initially through incentive payments. Later – lack of use of EMR results in decreased payment.
• Health Information Exchange – at the regional, multi-institution level (not closed integrated delivery systems).
• Health Information Coordination of Care.• Regional Centers of Excellence.• Regional Health Information Technology Health
Workforce Training Centers.
6.6. Health Care WorkforceHealth Care Workforce
• Focus on mal-distribution at the specialty and geographic levels.
• Moving new health care workforce into serving underserved populations.
• State and Regional collaboratives of planning and implementation grants to expand health care workforce.
• Loan Assistance programs to promote care of underserved – health “peace corps”.
• Nurse faculty loan programs.
• Promotion of increased health workforce diversity.
• Expand training of:– IM, FM, Geriatrics,
Pediatrics, Pediatric subspecialties, Psychiatry, Child Psychiatry, Nursing, Dentistry, Public Health, PA, NP, Allied Health.
– General Surgery – Community Based
Residency Programs– Those over the CAP– Regional population growth
Common Themes Across BillsCommon Themes Across Bills
• Insurance Reform• Expanded Health Insurance
Coverage• Care of the Underserved• Cross Institution Collaboration
– Medical education– ER systems– Trauma systems– HIT
• Community Based Care– CLASS– SBHC
• Team Care– Patient Centered Medical
Home– Interdisciplinary – MD, PA /
NP, RN, SW, PharmD• Medical Education swings
away from many subspecialty training programs: – Primary Care– Peds Subspecialties,
Psychiatry– Geriatrics– Nursing– PA and NPs– Public Health
Republican Plan – November 2009Republican Plan – November 2009
• Greater focus on health care cost reduction.• Less focus on insurance coverage expansion for uninsured.• No subsidies for uninsured to buy health care coverage.• Lower premiums for non-employer based coverage by 7% by 2016.
1. Expand "high-risk pools" to extend coverage to people with preexisting conditions.2. Limit noneconomic damages in malpractice lawsuits to $250,000.3. Help small businesses band together to buy insurance by reducing regulations.4. Give incentives to states to reduce the number of uninsured and cut premium costs.5. Allow insurers to sell their products across state lines. Insurers would have to follow
the laws in their home state but not the consumer- protection laws in all states where they sell policies.
6. Give employers more flexibility to offer discounts to workers who meet standards for a healthy lifestyle.
7. Allow young adults to stay on parents' policies through age 25. 8. Allow people to choose whether to buy insurance, and let employers choose whether
to offer it.
Paying for health reform?Paying for health reform?Taxation
– House Bill - $ 500,000 million annually.
– Surtax on household income above $ 350,000 in House Plan
– New Medical Device Taxes
Shifts in Reimbursement– Reduced hospital payment for
readmissions.– Medicare, Medicaid, DSH,
GME, IME?– Commercial insurance
reimbursement rates will follow Medicare rates.
Cost Reduction Strategies:– Medicare - $ 400,000 million
annually – House Bill– Preventive care– Primary Care, Physician
Extenders– Reduced Hospitalizations– Reduced errors– HIT– Fraud and Abuse– Law Suit Reform– Reduced hospitalization
rates / beds.
Cost Estimates:– House - $ 1 trillion over 10
years– Senate ?– Republican – $ 61billion over
10 years.
Covering the UninsuredCovering the Uninsured
Currently 47,000,000 Uninsured.By 2019, CBO estimates: • House Plan
– 18,000,000 uninsured
• Senate Plan– 25,000,000 uninsured
• Republican Plan– 52,000,000
Positioning Tulsa for Major ReformsPositioning Tulsa for Major Reforms
• Gateways Insure Oklahoma• Navigator Kim Holland’s
Insurance HUB proposal• Regional HIT Greater Tulsa
Health Access Network (Greater THAN)
• CLASS Community Based – Bedlam Network, SBHC, 3 IMPACT teams, Mobile Geriatrics
• Team Care Patient Centered Medical Home for uninsured and Medicaid populations, 3 IMPACT – mobile psychiatry teams.
• Emergency Responsiveness Oklahoma Institute for Disaster and Emergency Medicine, MERC, EMSA
• Quality and Comparative Effectiveness Oklahoma Institute for Quality, Center for Community Engagement, Community Health Outcomes In Research (CHOIR).
• Resident and medical student education expansion ?
• OU-Tulsa Health Science Center education programs - peds, psychiatry, IM, FM, geriatrics, g surgery, nursing, allied health, public health, PAs, NPs.
Oklahoma:– Poor health – United, Commonwealth
Fund– One of the lowest in number of
physicians per capita already. – Biggest Vulnerability = physician
shortages and push for health system integration (closed system) paired with low reimbursement rates in Medicaid and Public Option will leave the poor looking in from the outside…unless we expand medical school education programs and medical school clinical and community health center services.
Massachusetts:– One of the healthiest
States in the US– Highest number of
physicians per capita in the US.
– Already with mandatory health care coverage.
– Not enough doctors to see the patients.
Legislative Process ?Legislative Process ?
Senate Finance Committee Senate Floor
ARRA – Passed Into Law
Republican Proposals
House Bill Vote passed
Public Health Services Act
Agency Policies, Procedures and Rules• Health and Human Services• Centers for Medicare and Medicaid• Agency for Health Research and Quality• Centers for Disease Control
House, Senate andWhite House Negotiations
Passed Into Law ?