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What I See Depends on Me
• Definition: how you see things (self, world, others)
• Is based upon your background, education, family situation, self-concept, history
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Individual’s Unique Perceptual Filter
World as it IS
VALUESNEEDSGOALS
INTERESTSBELIEFS
ATTITUDESEXPECTATIONS
WANTSKNOWLEDGE
FEELINGSLANGUAGESEDUCATION
World as it APPEARS
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Perception= selecting, organizing, and interpreting
• Selecting– Mind limits what we attend to– Tend to choose data/message we agree with or
we find most meaningful– We register the positive aspects of what we like
and the negative of what we don’t like
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• Organizing– Enlarging (put words or experiences into larger
context in order to understand)– Simplifying (take notes, summarize)– Closing (fill in the details ex: three dots form a
triangle)
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• Interpreting– give meaning to information--> evaluate,
conclude -respond appropriately and predict future
– Identification & Evaluation eg. loud noise at night ---decide right/wrong
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Optical Illusions
• How many black dots do you see?
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Are the two lines parallel or bowed?
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Duck or bunny?
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Black squares on top or bottom?
• Slinky opening on left or right?
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Are the lines parallel?
• Is it a star or a square?
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Movement?
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What kind of people do you see?
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Impossible!?!?
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Hmmmmmmm…?
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Common Perception Problems
• Stereotyping– individual is as unique as fingerprint – lumping together leads to incorrect judgment – eg."men lack feelings" "feminist hates men" "
Canadians eat bacon" – stereotype damages personal relationships
function of stereotype-to simplify information – selectivity-- we look for information to confirm
stereotype
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• Self-fulfilling Prophecy– "prophecy is oftentimes the cause of
events foretold" – you predict it and then behave as if it is true – eg. people don't like me--then act that way – can be positive self-fulfilling for positive effect
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• Halo-effect– Form a general impression based on 1 aspect – eg. John is energetic, eager and (intelligent,
unintelligent) – you may see qualities that aren't there may
ignore bad – are you witnessing your assumption or reality? – also reverse halo
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• Attribution Error (cause is incorrect or faulty)– Failed test because • Noise in room • It’s a bad test• Told the wrong thing to study• Having a bad day
– Passed because• Am just smart• Teacher likes me
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• Proximity– physical/psychological closeness – from distance person may appear beautiful but if
closer they don’t– if attitude is close to own, then that’s better
• e.g. - In a Movie -photographer notices lighting, angles but a movie actor may notice acting
• we bring our own mind set
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• Role Definition– we have many roles: student, teacher, wife,
brother, friend – roles affect needs, attitudes, expectations, beliefs – Aggressive male--> self-willed – Aggressive female--> domineering, B…Witch
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Self-concept
• You are your own worst enemy
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Johari Window Known to self Not known to self
Known to others OPEN SELF BLIND SELF
Not known to others HIDDEN SELF UNKNOWN SELFOPEN SELFall know name, gender, preferences-what you
choose for others to knowBLIND SELF
others see we can't see -our quirks UNKNOWN SELF
Neither you nor others know unconscious
HIDDEN SELFyou know but don't share personal boundaries
(The size of boxes can vary)
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SELF-ESTEEM
• How you feel about yourself and your actions…
• we have different perception of self but we make value judgment based on perceptions
• E.g. I'm short--- what does it mean? value? shrimp? CUTE?
• self-esteem doesn't mean egoism- not self glorification
• over boastful may have low self esteem
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• compare self? education money grades fashion --what is personal aspiration?
• set realistic goal to attain step by step • gender and sex definitions -study women in
college same grades as men but self-esteem lower aspiration lower
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HOW TO ENHANCE SELF ESTEEM
• 1. Engage in positive affirmations -positives, attributes, possible
• 2. Surround self with supportive people nourish soul--energy
• 3. Set realistic goals go after achieve, build upon success
• 4. Disregard counterproductive irrational beliefs (can't please everybody-one bad not end)
• 5. Change your presentation of self (communicate more positively about self -value self-energy, enthusiasm, interest, fun)
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