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WHAT IS AN ARCHETYPE? noun
1. the original pattern or model from which all things of the same kind are copied or on which they are based; a model or first form; prototype.
2. (in Jungian psychology) a collectively inherited unconscious idea, pattern of thought, image, etc., universally present in individual psyches.
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WHAT IS AN ARCHETYPE? Think of an archetype as being the first model or
prototype of something. The Model T was the
first prototype of the modern automobile.
In literature, the same type of characters,
situations, and symbols have been modeled
for many years in many different types of
stories.
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• Carl Jung sought to explain the reason behind these patterns in literature.
• He discovered that humans have that humans have a “preconscious PSYCHIC disposition.” In other words, humans all share certain unconscious, INSTINCTUAL ideas, dreams and notions. When these ideas come out in images or in literature, we call them ARCHETYPES.
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CARL JUNG
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CARL JUNG
• According to Jung, archetypes are
a result of a Universal
Unconsciousness, and because of
this, Universal Patterns begin to
surface in art.
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SO, WHAT DOES THIS MEAN?
• We all share a “collective unconscious” or a
subconscious mental record of all common
human experiences.
• Archetypes are universal themes that express
our “collective unconscious.”
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This shared collective unconscious is why so many stories, tales, epics and parables share SIMILAR characters, symbols, themes and stages of plot development; even literature written in different parts of the world, in different CULTURES and at different times in HISTORY!
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ARCHETYPE REDEFINED
It is a recurring pattern of
characters, situations, or symbols
existing universally and instinctively
in man’s unconscious.
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The hero/heroine is
the character who
must fulfill a
necessary task and
who will restore,
fertility, harmony,
and/or justice to a
community.
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HERO/HEROINE
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http://ed.ted.com/lessons/what-makes-a-hero-matthew-winkler
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JOURNAL BREAK
Choose one of these topic to write about in your journal.
Explain how an experience has transformed you.
OR
What is the symbolic cave you fear to enter? Explain.
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• Mysterious birth
• Leaves family
• Experiences a traumatic event
• Loses favor
• Wields a special weapon
• Has supernatural help
• Proves himself
• Is often reborn in some way
• Realizes that they “have the power all along”
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CHARACTERISTICS OF A HERO/HEROINE
A hero does not need to have all of these
characteristics to be considered an
archetypical hero!!
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The Ordinary World
Most stories take
the hero out of the
ordinary, mundane
world into a Special
World, new and
alien.
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STAGES OF THE HERO’S JOURNEY
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The Call to Adventure
The hero is presented with a problem, challenge, or adventure to undertake. Once presented with a call to adventure, he/she can no longer remain indefinitely in the comfort of the ordinary world.
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STAGES OF THE HERO’S JOURNEY
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AldxVQ8z5F
Q
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THE CALL TO ADVENTURE
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Refusal of the Call (The Reluctant Hero)
This one is about fear.
The hero balks or hesitates at the threshold of adventure.
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STAGES OF THE HERO’S JOURNEY
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PJaxd1BQr9
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REFUSAL OF THE CALL
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Mentor (Wise Old Man or Woman)
The relationship between the hero and Mentor is one of the most common themes in mythology. It stands for the bond between parent and child, teacher and student, god and man.
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STAGES OF THE HERO’S JOURNEY
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Crossing the First
Threshold
The hero finally commits to
the adventure and fully
enters the Special World of
the story for the first time.
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STAGES OF THE HERO’S JOURNEY
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CROSSING THE FIRST THRESHOLD
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Tests, Allies, and Enemies
The hero naturally encounters new challenges and tests, makes allies and enemies, and begins to learn the rules of the Special World.
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STAGES OF THE HERO’S JOURNEY
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2eFubQuK0
dg
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MEETING OF THE ENEMY
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z2itQkiQUOE
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MEETING OF AN ALLY
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RG2keYgBi
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EXAMPLE OF A TEST
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Approach to the Inmost Cave
The hero comes at last to the edge of a dangerous place, sometimes deep underground, where the object of the quest is hidden.
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STAGES OF THE HERO’S JOURNEY
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SESI19h4wD
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APPROACH TO THE INMOST CAVE
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jtie6r27JeU
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APPROACH TO THE INMOST CAVE
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The Supreme Ordeal
Here the fortunes of the
hero hit bottom in a
direct confrontation with
his greatest fear.
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STAGES OF THE HERO’S JOURNEY
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Reward (Seizing the Sword)
The hero now takes
possession of the treasure
(reward) he/she has come
seeking. Sometimes the
“sword” is knowledge that
leads to greater understanding
or reconciliation with hostile
forces.
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STAGES OF THE HERO’S JOURNEY
In many stories the loved one is the treasure the hero has come to
win or recuse.
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THE ORDEAL/THE REWARD
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The Road Back
This stage marks the
return into the Ordinary
World.
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STAGES OF THE HERO’S JOURNEY
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ky7DMCHQJZY
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THE ROAD BACK
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Resurrection
Death and darkness get in one last, desperate shot before being finally defeated. It’s the final exam for the hero, who must be tested once more to see if he has really learned the lessons of the Supreme Ordeal.
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STAGES OF THE HERO’S JOURNEY
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ooM-
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THE RESURRECTION
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Return with the Elixir
The hero returns to the
Ordinary World, but the
journey is meaningless
unless he/she brings
back some Elixir,
treasure, or lesson from
the Special World.
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STAGES OF THE HERO’S JOURNEY
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PweYu0v9_k
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RETURN WITH THE ELIXIR
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THE HERO’S JOURNEY IN THE HUNGER GAMES
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ORDINARY WORLD
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ORDINARY WORLD
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THE CALL TO ADVENTURE
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THE CALL TO ADVENTURE
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REFUSAL OF THE CALL (THE RELUCTANT HERO)
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REFUSAL OF THE CALL (THE RELUCTANT HERO)
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MENTOR
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MENTOR
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CROSSING THE FIRST THRESHOLD
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CROSSING THE FIRST THRESHOLD
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TESTS, ALLIES, AND ENEMIES
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TESTS, ALLIES, AND ENEMIES
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TESTS, ALLIES, AND ENEMIES
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APPROACH TO THE INMOST CAVE
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APPROACH TO THE INMOST CAVE
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THE SUPREME ORDEAL
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THE SUPREME ORDEAL
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REWARD (SEIZING THE SWORD)
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REWARD (SEIZING THE SWORD)
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THE ROAD BACK
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THE ROAD BACK
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RESURRECTION
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RESURRECTION
?
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RETURN WITH ELIXIR
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RETURN WITH ELIXIR
?
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In groups of 3, think of a book or movie that follows the hero’s
journey.
You must complete all 7 steps on the back on your notes.
Once your group is finished brainstorming, you must draw your
hero’s cycle and write your explanations on the chart paper
provided.
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These individuals serve
as teachers and
counselors to the hero.
They can work as role
model or serve as a
father or mother figure.
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MENTORS
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FATHER-SON CONFLICT
• Separation
• Disagreement between father and son
• Resentment of father by his son
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• A group of hunting
companions will
become lost in the
woods and
unwillingly discover
adventure and
danger there.
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HUNTING GROUP COMPANIONS
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• Noble sidekicks to the hero
• Their duty is to protect the hero
• Stand beside the main character through
everything
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LOYAL RETAINERS
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• Appears to be a
horrible monster,
but has a heart
of gold and helps
our hero.
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FRIENDLY BEAST
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• Redeemable devil
figure (or servant to
the devil figure) is
saved by the hero’s
nobility or good
heart.
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EVIL FIGURE
WITH A GOOD HEART
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• Banished from a
society or social
group
• Usually destined to
become a wanderer
• Disagrees with
societal norms
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OUTCAST
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• Blamed for other’s actions or wrongdoings
• Death (often in a public ceremony) excuses some sin of the community
• Death makes him or her a more powerful force than when they lived
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SCAPEGOAT
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• Represents evil incarnate
• May offer worldly goods, fame, or knowledge to the protagonist in exchange for the protagonists soul
• Main aim is to oppose the hero
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DEVIL FIGURE
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• A monster that is
summoned from the
deepest, darkest
parts of the human
psyche
• Threatens the life of
the hero
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CREATURE OF NIGHTMARE
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• Two characters
engaged in a love
affair
• Fated to end tragically
for one for both due to
disapproval of society,
friends, family, or the
gods
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STAR-CROSSED LOVERS
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• Symbolic of
fulfillment,
abundance, and
fertility
• Offers spiritual and
emotional
nourishment
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THE EARTH MOTHER
Mother Earth
Mrs. Potts
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• Characterized by sensuous beauty
• Her physical attraction may bring about the hero’s downfall
• Tempts our hero to abandon his quest, often with promises of riches, beauty, love or lust.
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THE TEMPTRESS
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• A physical and
spiritual ideal for
whom the hero has
an intellectual rather
than physical
attraction
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THE PLATONIC IDEAL
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• Married to a man she sees as dull or distant
• Attracted to a more handsome or interesting man
• Commits an act of infidelity
• Through her adultery, an entire kingdom, quest, or world may be destroyed.
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THE UNFAITHFUL WIFE
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• Vulnerable woman
who must be rescued
by the hero
• May also be used by
the evil figure, as a
trap, to ensnare the
hero
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THE DAMSEL IN DISTRESS
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• A relatively
modern
archetype where
a female warrior
battles evil with
brute force,
strength, and
cunning.
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WARRIOR
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• The search for someone or some talisman which, when found and brought back, will restore fertility to a wasted land or bring peace
• The desolate state of the land is mirrored by a leader's illness and disability.
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QUEST
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• The hero must
perform some super
human deed to save
the kingdom, to win
the fair lady, or to
assume his rightful
position
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TASK
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• Sends hero in search of some truth or information which is necessary to restore the kingdom
• The hero usually descends into a real or psychological hell and is forced to discover many unpleasant truths
• These unpleasant truths can involve the hero’s own faults
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JOURNEY
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• An initiation symbolizes a right of passage into adulthood
• Very much connected with growing up and maturity
• Generally initiates the hero into adult life
• After an initiation, the adolescent will come with new awareness, maturity, skills, and hope for the community.
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INITIATION
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• This is the actual
ceremony that will
mark the initiate’s
rite of passage into
another state of
being.
• The ritual marks a
right of passage
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THE RITUAL
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• Describes a descent from a higher to a lower state of being.
• The experience involves a loss of innocence and bliss
• Often accompanied by expulsion from a kind of paradise as penalty for disobedience
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THE FALL
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• The hero goes through some form of metamorphosis (usually physical, psychological AND spiritual) which, in some way, symbolizes, or is symbolized by, his/ her death and rebirth.
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DEATH AND REBIRTH
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• Nature = good
• Technology &
Society = bad
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NATURE VS. MECHANISTIC
WORLD
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• Mankind often shows
eternal optimism in
the continual
portrayal of good
triumphing over evil
in spite of great
odds.
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BATTLE BETWEEN
GOOD AND EVIL
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• The wound is either physical or psychological damage and cannot be fully healed.
• Indicates a loss of innocence
• These wounds often ache and can drive the sufferer to desperate measures
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UNHEALABLE WOUND
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• A symbol of the hero’s extraordinary quality
• No other can wield the weapon or use it to its full potential
• Traditionally given by a mentor
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THE MAGIC WEAPON
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Light= enlightenment,
wisdom, good, hope,
renewal, intellectual
illumination
Darkness= the
unknown, ignorance,
evil
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LIGHT AND DARKNESS
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• Water= birth, rebirth, creation, purification, growth
• Desert= spiritual aridity, death, hopelessness, loss of faith
• Water may symbolize a spiritual birth
101
WATER AND DESERT
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• Supreme beings and
mythological gods
live in the skies
• Evil forces, including
Satan, come from
the underworld
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HEAVEN AND HELL
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INNATE WISDOM VS. EDUCATED
STUPIDITY • Some characters exhibit
wisdom and understanding
of situations instinctively as
opposed to those supposedly
in charge. A hero often needs
the guidance of innate
wisdom.
• Loyal retainers often exhibit
this wisdom as they
accompany the hero on the
journey.
Sam from Lord of the Rings
Alfred the Butler in Batman
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• Havens are places of comfort and safety.
• The wilderness is portrayed as a place of danger.
• Heroes may seek havens for time to regain health and resources
104
HAVEN VS. WILDERNESS
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• Sun= creative energy, thinking, enlightenment, wisdom, spiritual vision
• Rising Sun= birth, creation, the beginning of something
• Setting Sun= death, the end of something
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THE SUN
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COLORS Red: blood, sacrifice, passion, disorder, violence
Green: growth, hope, fertility, nature
Blue: tranquility, security, truth
White: light, purity, innocence (negative: nothingness, terror, death)
Yellow: enlightenment, wisdom
Black: evil, darkness, chaos, mystery, the unknown, death
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• Symbol of energy
and pure force
(libido), corruption,
sensuality,
destruction, evil
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SERPENT/SNAKE/WORM
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NUMBERS 3= light, spiritual awareness, unity, the trinity
4= mankind (four limbs), four seasons, four elements, life cycle
6= evil, sin, man
7= divinity (3) + mankind (4) = religious component of unity, completion of a cycle, perfect order
13= evil, unlucky
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Note: Many things come in sets of 7
• Seven deadly sins
• Seven days of the week
• Seven colors of the rainbow
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• Paradise, innocence,
unspoiled beauty
109
GARDEN
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• Growth, proliferation, immortality, phallic symbol, denotes life of the cosmos
• Where we learn, tree of life, tree of knowledge
110
TREE
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SEASONS • Spring= rebirth, genre= comedy
• Summer= life, genre= romance
• Fall= dying, descent, genre= tragedy
• Winter= death, nothingness, genre= irony
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