![Page 1: What is Computer Graphics?angel/CS433/LECTURES/CS433_01.pdf · Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005 2 Objectives •In this lecture, we explore what computer](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f4f037819168872ea264782/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
What is Computer Graphics?
Ed AngelProfessor of Computer Science,
Electrical and ComputerEngineering, and Media Arts
University of New Mexico
![Page 2: What is Computer Graphics?angel/CS433/LECTURES/CS433_01.pdf · Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005 2 Objectives •In this lecture, we explore what computer](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f4f037819168872ea264782/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Objectives
• In this lecture, we explore what computergraphics is about and survey someapplication areas
•We start with a historical introduction
![Page 3: What is Computer Graphics?angel/CS433/LECTURES/CS433_01.pdf · Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005 2 Objectives •In this lecture, we explore what computer](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f4f037819168872ea264782/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Computer Graphics
•Computer graphics deals with all aspectsof creating images with a computer
- Hardware- Software- Applications
![Page 4: What is Computer Graphics?angel/CS433/LECTURES/CS433_01.pdf · Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005 2 Objectives •In this lecture, we explore what computer](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f4f037819168872ea264782/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Example
•Where did this image come from?
•What hardware/software did we need toproduce it?
![Page 5: What is Computer Graphics?angel/CS433/LECTURES/CS433_01.pdf · Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005 2 Objectives •In this lecture, we explore what computer](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f4f037819168872ea264782/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Preliminary Answer
•Application: The object is an artist’srendition of the sun for an animation to beshown in a domed environment(planetarium)
•Software: Maya for modeling andrendering but Maya is built on top ofOpenGL
•Hardware: PC with graphics card formodeling and rendering
![Page 6: What is Computer Graphics?angel/CS433/LECTURES/CS433_01.pdf · Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005 2 Objectives •In this lecture, we explore what computer](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f4f037819168872ea264782/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Basic Graphics System
Input devices
Output device
Image formed in FB
![Page 7: What is Computer Graphics?angel/CS433/LECTURES/CS433_01.pdf · Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005 2 Objectives •In this lecture, we explore what computer](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f4f037819168872ea264782/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
CRT
Can be used either as a line-drawingdevice (calligraphic) or to displaycontents of frame buffer (raster mode)
![Page 8: What is Computer Graphics?angel/CS433/LECTURES/CS433_01.pdf · Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005 2 Objectives •In this lecture, we explore what computer](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f4f037819168872ea264782/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Computer Graphics: 1950-1960
•Computer graphics goes back to theearliest days of computing
- Strip charts- Pen plotters- Simple displays using A/D converters to go
from computer to calligraphic CRT
•Cost of refresh for CRT too high- Computers slow, expensive, unreliable
![Page 9: What is Computer Graphics?angel/CS433/LECTURES/CS433_01.pdf · Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005 2 Objectives •In this lecture, we explore what computer](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f4f037819168872ea264782/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Computer Graphics: 1960-1970
•Wireframe graphics- Draw only lines
•Sketchpad•Display Processors•Storage tube
wireframe representationof sun object
![Page 10: What is Computer Graphics?angel/CS433/LECTURES/CS433_01.pdf · Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005 2 Objectives •In this lecture, we explore what computer](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f4f037819168872ea264782/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Sketchpad
• Ivan Sutherland’s PhD thesis at MIT- Recognized the potential of man-machine
interaction- Loop
• Display something• User moves light pen• Computer generates new display
- Sutherland also created many of the nowcommon algorithms for computer graphics
![Page 11: What is Computer Graphics?angel/CS433/LECTURES/CS433_01.pdf · Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005 2 Objectives •In this lecture, we explore what computer](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f4f037819168872ea264782/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Display Processor
• Rather than have the host computer try torefresh display use a special purpose computercalled a display processor (DPU)
• Graphics stored in display list (display file) ondisplay processor
• Host compiles display list and sends to DPU
![Page 12: What is Computer Graphics?angel/CS433/LECTURES/CS433_01.pdf · Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005 2 Objectives •In this lecture, we explore what computer](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f4f037819168872ea264782/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Direct View Storage Tube
•Created by Tektronix- Did not require constant refresh- Standard interface to computers
• Allowed for standard software• Plot3D in Fortran
- Relatively inexpensive• Opened door to use of computer graphics for CAD
community
![Page 13: What is Computer Graphics?angel/CS433/LECTURES/CS433_01.pdf · Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005 2 Objectives •In this lecture, we explore what computer](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f4f037819168872ea264782/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Computer Graphics: 1970-1980
•Raster Graphics•Beginning of graphics standards
- IFIPS• GKS: European effort
– Becomes ISO 2D standard• Core: North American effort
– 3D but fails to become ISO standard
•Workstations and PCs
![Page 14: What is Computer Graphics?angel/CS433/LECTURES/CS433_01.pdf · Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005 2 Objectives •In this lecture, we explore what computer](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f4f037819168872ea264782/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Raster Graphics
• Image produced as an array (the raster)of picture elements (pixels) in the framebuffer
![Page 15: What is Computer Graphics?angel/CS433/LECTURES/CS433_01.pdf · Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005 2 Objectives •In this lecture, we explore what computer](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f4f037819168872ea264782/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Raster Graphics
•Allows us to go from lines and wire frameimages to filled polygons
![Page 16: What is Computer Graphics?angel/CS433/LECTURES/CS433_01.pdf · Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005 2 Objectives •In this lecture, we explore what computer](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f4f037819168872ea264782/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
PCs and Workstations
•Although we no longer make thedistinction between workstations andPCs, historically they evolved fromdifferent roots
- Early workstations characterized by• Networked connection: client-server model• High-level of interactivity
- Early PCs included frame buffer as part of usermemory
• Easy to change contents and create images
![Page 17: What is Computer Graphics?angel/CS433/LECTURES/CS433_01.pdf · Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005 2 Objectives •In this lecture, we explore what computer](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f4f037819168872ea264782/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Computer Graphics: 1980-1990
Realism comes to computer graphics
smooth shading environment mapping
bump mapping
![Page 18: What is Computer Graphics?angel/CS433/LECTURES/CS433_01.pdf · Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005 2 Objectives •In this lecture, we explore what computer](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f4f037819168872ea264782/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Computer Graphics: 1980-1990
•Special purpose hardware- Silicon Graphics geometry engine
• VLSI implementation of graphics pipeline
• Industry-based standards- PHIGS- RenderMan
•Networked graphics: X Window System•Human-Computer Interface (HCI)
![Page 19: What is Computer Graphics?angel/CS433/LECTURES/CS433_01.pdf · Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005 2 Objectives •In this lecture, we explore what computer](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f4f037819168872ea264782/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Computer Graphics: 1990-2000
•OpenGL API•Completely computer-generated feature-length movies (Toy Story) are successful
•New hardware capabilities- Texture mapping- Blending- Accumulation, stencil buffers
![Page 20: What is Computer Graphics?angel/CS433/LECTURES/CS433_01.pdf · Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005 2 Objectives •In this lecture, we explore what computer](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f4f037819168872ea264782/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Computer Graphics: 2000-
•Photorealism•Graphics cards for PCs dominate market
- Nvidia, ATI, 3DLabs
•Game boxes and game playersdetermine direction of market
•Computer graphics routine in movieindustry: Maya, Lightwave
•Programmable pipelines