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What is Geography?World Studies
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Important Distinction • We have one Earth, divided into…….• 7 continents (large pieces of land)• Each continent is broken into regions (areas
that share similar characteristics)• Each continent is also divided into one or more
countries.▫Australia (the continent) contains Australia (the
country)▫Africa (the continent is divided into 55 countries!)
• Countries contain their own regions, as well as cities.
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Our World
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Let’s look at Africa the ContinentPhysical Africa
Africa Divided into Countries
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A Closer Look…A region of Africa A country in that region
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What is Geography?
•Simple definition: The study of the Earth and it’s people.
•Better definition: The study of where people, places, and things are located and how they related to each other.
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Why is geography important in World Studies?•We will learn the location of continents,
regions, countries, cities. •Helps us better understand our world, its
people, and cultures.▫Where are different people and cultures
located?▫What impact does physical geog. have on
people?•Helps us study and understand history.•Helps us on a daily basis…how?
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Two Main Branches of Geography
Physical Human
•Studies the physical/ natural features of the Earth.
•Mountains, rivers, tectonic plates, oceans, volcanoes, natural resources.
• Studies the interaction between people and the natural features of the Earth.
• Farming, cities, culture, migration patterns, habitat, political boundaries.
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5 Themes of Geography• Used to help us
understand the links between people and the Earth.
•M ovement
•R egion
•L ocation
•I nteraction
•P lace• Remember MR. LIP!
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Movement• Examines the movement
of people, goods, and ideas.
• Movements often occur together.
• How did Christianity end up in America?
• Why do Mexicans speak Spanish?
• Why is Polish sausage popular in Chicago?
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Region• An area with similar and
unifying characteristics.• Similarities may be
physical (ie Rocky mts.)• Similarities may be
cultural, political, or economic (ie the Muslim world)
• What are some characteristics of the Chicagoland region?
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Location• The position of a place on
the Earth’s surface.• Can be relative (Harlan is
in Chicago) or exact (Harlan is located at 9652 S. Michigan Ave.)
• How else could you describe the relative location of Harlan?
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Interaction• Studies the relationship
between people and their environment.
• How to people use the Earth’s resources to satisfy their needs?
• Water for irrigation, land for farming, trees to build houses, oil as fuel.
• What are potential negative outcomes to human interaction with the Earth?
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Place• The physical and human
characteristics of a location.
• Describe Chicago…
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What is a map?
•A map is a two dimensional representation of a part or all of the Earth’s surface.
•Shows us physical and political features of the Earth.
•Can also show us information such as population density or climate.
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Scale of a Map• What a distance on a map
is equal to on the ground.• Different maps have
different scales.• As we zoom in, scale
becomes larger.
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Important Parts of a Map
• Compass Rose- shows direction on a map.
• Scale- shows what a distance on a map is actually equal to on Earth.
• Key- tells us what different symbols, colors and lines on a map mean.
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Map Projections
•Map projections are ways of showing a round Earth on a flat map.
•There is no perfect map…all flat maps distort the Earth in some way.
•Distortions may include: change in shape, change of distance, change in size, change in direction.
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The Globe
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Mercator Projection
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Robinson Projection
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Interrupted Projection
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Different Types of Maps
•Physical Maps• Shows features such
as mountains, plains, rivers and oceans.
• Focus is on natural features and not cities, countries, and borders.
• I see the Alps Mts. but have no idea where Paris is.
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Different Types of Maps•Political Maps• The focus is on cities,
countries, states, and borders.
• I see France but where is the Danube River?
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Different Types of Maps• Thematic/ Special
Purpose Map
• These maps focus on specific information such as population density or resource distribution.
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Different Types of Maps
•Historical Maps• Shows how a certain
area has changed over time.
• Shows what a certain area used to look like.
• I see the Holy Roman Empire, but where’s Germany?
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Different Types of Maps
•The Globe▫A globe is the most
accurate representation of the Earth because it is round like the Earth.
▫A globe shows us the truest sizes of land and bodies of water.