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What is Radio Astronomy?
MIT Haystack Observatory
This material was developed under a grant from the National Science Foundation
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum
• Spans a range of wavelengths
• Visible is just a narrow range
• Radiowaves span a large range - from under 1mm to several meters
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Sources of Radio emission
• Solar System - sun, planets
• Milky way - star forming regions, old stars, supernova remnants
• Extragalactic - quasars, radio jets
• Molecules
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Sun OPTICAL RADIO XRAY
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SaturnRADIO INFRARED OPTICAL ULTRAVIOLET
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Orion Nebula: Stars are born…RADIO INFRARED OPTICAL XRAY
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Crab Nebula: a star that died in 1054RADIO OPTICAL XRAY
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Cassiopeia A: a star that died in ~1700RADIO INFRARED OPTICAL XRAY
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Sagittarius A: Mystery Mass in Galaxy CenterRADIO OPTICAL
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Virgo A: Hidden Massive Black Hole shooting out a JetRADIO OPTICAL
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Molecules
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What are molecules good for?
• Detections - newest one - “glycoaldehyde” (sugar)
• Probes - measure temperature, density, chemistry
• Kinematics - velocities - doppler effect
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HC3N as a density probe in the Taurus Molecular Cloud (TMC-1)
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CH3CCH as a temperature probe in TMC-1
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Model of H2O maser emission around NGC4258
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How do radio telescopes work?
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What is Resolution?
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InterferometryGetting better “resolution”
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Compare the radio image on the right, made with the Haystack 37-m single dish telescope at a frequency of 43 GHz with the radio image above made with the 27-element Very Large Array.
NRAO/AUI
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VLBI images of SiO maser emission in Orion and a possible model
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SiO Masers around a highly evolved star - R Cassiopeia
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VLBI sequence of a supernova in M81
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• The Blazar 1055+018– Active Galactic Nuclei
– 15 billion light years distant
– AGN are 40 times more luminous and 10,000 times larger than the brightest “normal” galaxies
– Displays a colossal jet of relativistic plasma
– Powered by a supermassive, rotating black hole
Magnetic Fields in Active Galactic Nuclei