When Should IPM be Implemented?
Sampling IntentionSampling Intention
• Absolute NumbersAbsolute Numbers
• Relative NumbersRelative Numbers
-Sampling from air
Sampling MethodsSampling Methods
Sampling MethodsSampling Methods
Sampling from vegetationSampling from vegetation
Sampling MethodsSampling Methods
Sampling from soil and litter Sampling from soil and litter
Extracting Samples FromThe Soil or from Leaf Litter
Mark and Recapture
• Lincoln Index
P=an/r
P: Total population size
a: Individuals marked and released
n: Total individuals taken in recapture sample
r: Marked individuals recaptured
Sampling MethodsSampling Methods
Visual searches Visual searches
Sampling MethodsSampling Methods
Sweep-net catch Sweep-net catch
Shaking and beatingShaking and beating
Sampling MethodsSampling Methods
Sampling MethodsSampling Methods
D-vacD-vac
Sampling Methods
Malaise traps
Sampling MethodsSampling Methods
Windowpane trapsWindowpane traps
Sampling MethodsSampling Methods
Sticky trapsSticky traps
Sampling MethodsSampling Methods
Pitfall trapsPitfall traps
Sampling MethodsSampling Methods
Visual trapsVisual traps
Sampling MethodsSampling Methods
Traps using attractantsTraps using attractants
Sampling MethodsSampling Methods
Insect ProductsInsect Products
Sampling MethodsSampling Methods
• Plant DamagePlant Damage
- Direct pestsDirect pests
- Indirect pestIndirect pest
Direct PestsDirect Pests
Indirect PestsIndirect Pests
Measuring leaf damageMeasuring leaf damage
• Decision-making sampling
• Parameter-estimation
UniformUniform
ClumpedClumped
RandomRandom
When to Apply a Control Action?When to Apply a Control Action?
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