Wireless Data Monitoring of Hybrid Powered Street Light
Project Advisor: Dr Abid Karim
Group Members: Akhtar Abbas (16151)
Nasir Abbas (14856)
Abdul Hamid (14848)
M Baqir Adil (15761)
Contents1. Introduction
2. Hybrid Powered System
3. Wireless Data Monitoring
4. LabVIEW
Introduction
Our project consist of two parts:o Hybrid Powered Systemo Wireless Data Monitoring
Aims and Objectives
Implement the wireless technology for data (wind turbine speed, current, voltage, temperature) monitoring of Hybrid Powered System
Display all the parameters on PC using LabView
Features
Reduce Cost Increase Efficiency Monitor Anywhere Environment Friendly Easily Recognize the Fault Easy to Install
Scope
This hybrid powered System can be installed in national high ways and desserts
For the maximum Uninterrupted power supply in industries
This system can be installed in remote areas and deserts like Thar where the basic facility of Electricity is not available
Hybrid System Parts Specification
Solar Panel (Poly Crystalline)
Electrical Measurements: 24V × 2.5A = 60watt
Physical Measurements: 2ft × 1.5ft = 3sq.fts Wind Turbine
Wing size: 2ft × 1ft = 2sq.fts
Wings diameter: 1meter DC motor
24V 5A Wind turbine height
Pole + Wings: 10ft + 2ft = 12ft
Base: 1sq.meter
Solar Panel Specification Power (W) 60(Watts)
Voltage(V) 24 (Volts)
Cell Type Polycrystalline
Length 30.2’’
Width 26.38’’
Depth 1.18’’
Weight 6.7 Kg
ROTOR DIAMETER 10 INCHES
WEIGHT
VOLTAGE
START UP WIND SPEED
RATED POWER
BLADES ( 8 )
BODY
HEIGHT
13 LB
24V
7MPH
60 WATT AT 10MPH
IRON
CAST ALUMUNIUM
10 FT
Components Type Specification No.
1 Street Lamp Cold-white LED 24W,12V 1
2 Battery Lead-Acid 40Ah,12V 1
3 DC Motor Permanent Magnet, DC Motor
24V 1
Battery charging time formulaCharging time of battery = Battery Ah / Charging Current T = Ah / A In our Project we used 40Ah Lead-Acid battery therefore charging current should be 10% of Ah rating of a battery.i.e. Charging current = 40Ah×(10/100) = 4A Charging time = 40Ah/4A = 10hrs
Battery Charging Calculations
Battery Charging Calculations
Practically, this is noted that 40%of losses (in case of battery charging)
Then,
40 × (40/100) = 16…….(40Ah × 40% of losses)
Therefore,
40 + 16 = 56 Ah (40 Ah + Losses)
Now charging time of battery = Ah/Charging Current
56/4 = 14hrs
Calculation
Higher Cutoff
6*2.17
=13.02o Lower Cutoff
6*1.75
=10.5
o Load (Street lights)o Each Led light take 1Wo We used 24 LEDs array lampo Total Load Power = 24Wo Operating Voltage = 12V
Load
Charge Controller
Upper Cutoff (13.02V)Protect from overcharging of batteryIRFZ44N power MosfetLM 3397805 Voltage Regulator 1N4007 Diode2n2222 Transistor
Lower Cutoff (10.5V)
To prevent deep discharging of battery
Zener Diode 1N4732A (4.7V)
Wireless Data Monitoring
Arduino Uno R3 Transmitter Xbee 1mW Receiver Xbee 1mW Xbee Explorer Dongle Xbee Regulator Lab View
ARDUINO UNO R3
Microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 . 14 digital input/output pins (6 can be used as PWM outputs) 6 analog inputs A 16 MHz Crystal A USB connection (ATmeaga 16U2 IC) A power jack An ICSP header A reset button. Connected to a computer with a USB cable Powered it with a AC-to-DC adapter
Pin Used In Ardiuno
Solar Panel Voltage A0
Temperature A1
Battery Voltage A3
Wind Turbine Voltage A4
Load Current A5
Wind Turbine Speed 3
Transmitter 1
Data Monitoring
Voltage (Battery, Solar and Wind Turbine)Current Temperature Speed of Wind Turbine
Devices
Battery Voltage Voltage Divider Solar panel Voltage Voltage Divider Wind turbine Voltage Voltage Divider Temperature LM35 Current ACS712 Wind Turbine Speed Proximity Sensor
Voltage Measurement
Voltage divider circuit
Battery Solar & Wind Turbine
Program voltage_value=analogRead(voltage_pin); voltage=((5*voltage_value)/1024)*7.593; solar_value=analogRead(solar_pin); solar_voltage=((5*solar_value)/1024)*16; turbine_value=analogRead(turbine_pin); turbine_voltage=((5*turbine_value)/1024)*16; Serial.print(voltage); Serial.print(solar_voltage); Serial.print(turbine_voltage);
R1 = 120kR2 = 18.2kVout = R2/(R1+R2)*Vin // 12V /24VVout = 1.58Value1/Value2 = Value3 / Value45/1.58 = 1024/Value 4Value4 = 323.7 =323.7This is the Value at Voltage_PinNow ,voltage_value=analogRead(voltage_pin);// =323.7 voltage=((5*voltage_value)/1024)*7.593; //( 5*323)/1024*7.593
// =11.999905
Voltage Calculation Example
Current Measurement
ACS 712 Measured Load Current
Current Calculation Example
Let the current at the output of ACS712 is 0.5 The sensitivity of ACS712 is 100mv =0.1 V 0.5*0.1 = 0.05V Value1 / Value2 = Value3 / Value4 5/0.05 = 1024/ Value4 Value4 = 10.24 Value4 = 512+10 = 523 is the value at current_pin current_read=analogRead(current_pin); //=523 current_voltage=(5*current_read)/1024; // (5*523)/1024
//=2.553 current=(2.5-current_voltage)/0.1000; // (2.5 -2.553) / 0.1
// = 0.5013
Program current_read=analogRead(current_pin); current_voltage=(5*current_read)/1024; current=(2.5-current_voltage)/0.1000; Serial.println(current);
Temperature Measurement
LM35 IC
Program lm35value=analogRead(lm35pin);
lm35voltage=(5*lm35value)/1024;
temp=lm35voltage/0.01;
Serial.print(temp);
Temperature Calculation Example
Let the temperature is 27 Degree Centigrade The sensitivity of LM35 is 10mv =0.01 V 27*0.01 = 0.27VValue1 / Value2 = Value3 / Value45/0.27 = 1024/ Value4Value4 = 56 lm35value=analogRead(lm35pin); // = 56 lm35voltage=(5*lm35value)/1024; // (56*5)/1024
// = 0.2734temp=lm35voltage/0.01; // = 0.2734 /0.01
// = 27.37 = 27
Speed Measurement
Inductive Proximity Sensor
Program
durationH = pulseIn(pin, HIGH); durationL = pulseIn(pin, LOW); duration=durationH+durationL; df=duration; frequency=1000000/df; f=frequency*0.87; rpm=f*60; Serial.println(rpm);
Xbee Wire Antenna
oPopular 2.4GHz module .
oModule no 802.15.4
oThese module allow a very simple & reliable communication b/w microcontroller, computer ,systems, really anything’s with a serial port .
oIt support point to point & multi-points networks
Diagram
Features
Voltage 3.3VCurrent 50mAOutput 1mW(0 dBm)Sensitivity -92dBmRange 300ft(100m)Input ADC Pins 6 to 10
Features
AT or API commands Transmit Current 45mA(@3.3V) Receiver Current 50mA(@3.3V) Operating Frequency 2.4GHz Operating Temperature -44-85C
Configuration
Transmitter (Slave) +++ ATDI 3001 ATMY 2 ATDL 0 ATDH 1
Receiver (Master) +++ ATDI 3001 ATMY 1 ATDL 0 ATDH 0
XBEE Regulator
Used to maintain constant voltage level.
Used to regulate one or more AC
or DC voltages.
Communication is Serial pass
through to XBee module.
XBEE Explorer Dongle
Connected to a USB port Worked with all XBee
modules It uses an FTDI FT231X
USB-to-Serial chip
What is LabVIEW?
LabVIEW=Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench
Leader in instrument control, hardware interfaces, data analysis, user-interface, measurement, and automation
What is LabVIEW?
LabVIEW programs are called VIs - Virutal Instruments
They include the Front Panel and the Block Diagram
Front Panel is like a driver’s cockpit: controls inputs, shows outputs, and connects to the engine - User Interface
Block Diagram is like the engine of a car: allows it to function and connects everything together - Behind the Scenes
Front Panel and Block Diagram
Front Panel Block Diagram
Contains graphical source codeBuilt with controls (inputs) and indicators (outputs)
VISA Configure Serial Port: VI
o VISA resource name specifies the resource to be opened.
o baud rate is the rate of transmission. The default is 9600.
o data bits is the number of bits in the incoming data. The default value is 8. o VISA resource name out is a copy of the VISA resource name that VISA functions return.
o error out contains error information. This output provides standard error out functionality.
VISA Set I/O Buffer Size Function
o VISA resource name specifies the resource to be opened.o mask designates which buffer size to set. 16 I/O Receive Buffer 32 I/O Transmit Buffer 48 I/O Receive and Transmit Buffero size designates the size of the I/O buffer in bytes. o error in describes error conditions that occur before this node runs.
VISA Clear Function
VISA resource name specifies the resource to be opened.
error in describes error conditions that occur before this node runs.
VISA resource name out is a copy of the VISA resource name that VISA functions return.
error out contains error information.
Stacked Sequence Structure
The Stacked Sequence structure, shown as follows, stacks each frame so you see only one frame at a time and executes frame 0, then frame 1, and so on until the last frame executes.
Consists of one or more sub diagrams, or frames, that execute sequentially.
Use the Stacked Sequence structure to ensure a sub diagram executes before or after another sub diagram.
While Loop
Repeats the sub diagram inside it until the conditional terminal.
Right-click the conditional terminal and select Stop if True or Continue if True from the shortcut menu.
The While Loop always executes at least once
Case Structure
A case structure is a LabVIEW primitive that dynamically selects which parts of code should execute.
Has one or more sub diagrams, or cases, exactly one of which executes when the structure executes.
VISA Read Function
Reads the specified number of bytes from the device or interface specified by VISA resource name and returns the data in read buffer.
byte count is the number of bytes to be read. read buffer contains the data read from the device. return count contains the number of bytes actually
read.
Match Regular Expression Function
input string specifies the input string the function searches. This string cannot contain null characters.
regular expression specifies the pattern you want to search for in input string. If the function does not find a match, whole match and after match contain empty strings, before match contains the entire input string, offset past match returns –1, and all submatches outputs return empty strings.
whole match contains all the characters that match the expression entered in regular expression.
Fract/Exp String To Number Function
String can be a string, a cluster of strings, an array of strings, or an array of clusters of strings.
Number can be a number, a cluster, an array of
numbers, or an array of clusters, depending on the structure of string.
Advantages Good for building piecewise: using small amounts of
code in a larger code
Visually programming is easier to learn
Better than MATLAB for controlling the interfaces between hardware
Easy to create the user-interface at the same time
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