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Word Stress - Guidelines• read: Roach Chapter 10
We first ask: is the word simple, complex or compound?
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Word Stress - GuidelinesSimple
Complex
Compound:
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Word Stress - GuidelinesSimple : one morpheme: enter, deny,
return, cotton, potatoComplex
Compound
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Word Stress - GuidelinesSimple : one morpheme: enter, deny,
return, cotton, potatoComplex : bound or unbound stem with
bound morphemes (affixes: prefixes or suffixes): singer, goodness, unlock, capable, conversation
Compound
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Word Stress - GuidelinesSimple : one morpheme: enter, deny,
return, cotton, potatoComplex : bound or unbound stem with
bound morphemes (affixes: prefixes or suffixes): singer, goodness, unlock, capable, conversation
Compound: more than one unbound morpheme: greenhouse, handbag, overcast, whitewash
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Word Stress - GuidelinesSimple: complicated rules, many
exceptions
Complex: fairly simple and fixed rules(see Roach)
Compound: fairly simple rules, not many exceptions (see Roach)
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Word Stress - GuidelinesSimple: complicated rules, many
exceptions
I know of no simple or exceptionless set of rules, but try googling “word stress”:
• http://oak.ucc.nau.edu/tn24/wordstress/wstresstext.html
• http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/think/pron/word_stress.shtml
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1. SIMPLE WORDS
We have to consider the following:
• the phonological structure of the syllable• the number of syllables• the grammatical category
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1. SIMPLE WORDS
• Phonological structure: 'heavy' and 'light' syllables
A 'heavy' syllable• contains a long (tense) vowel or a diphthong
OR• ends in more than one consonant.
Otherwise the syllable is light.
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1. SIMPLE WORDS
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1. SIMPLE WORDS
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1. SIMPLE WORDS
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1. SIMPLE WORDS
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Word Stress - GuidelinesSimple : one morpheme: enter, deny,
return, cotton, potatoComplex : bound or unbound stem with
bound morphemes (affixes: prefixes or suffixes): singer, goodness, unlock, capable, conversation
Compound: more than one unbound morpheme: greenhouse, handbag, overcast, whitewash
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2. Complex Words
• Roach, Chapter 11• Unclear distinction, not always useful
legal – illegallawful – unlawful
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2. Complex Words: suffixes
• Roach, Chapter 11
• stem + affix (prefix, infix, suffix)• Is the affix productive (=common, can be
applied to new words) ?
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2. Complex Words: suffixes
• Roach, Chapter 11• Suffixes:1. Have no effect:
comfort + able, wonder + ful -age, -al, -en, -ing, - ish
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2. Complex Words: suffixes
• Roach, Chapter 11• Suffixes:
1. Have no effect2. Effect the stress-pattern3. Take the stress themeselves
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2. Complex Words: suffixes
• Roach, Chapter 11• Suffixes:
1. Have no effect2. Effect the stress-pattern3. Take the stress themeselves
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2. Complex Words: suffixes
• Roach, Chapter 11• Suffixes:
1. Have no effectcomfort - able, wonder - ful -age, -al, -en, -ing, - ish
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2. Complex Words: suffixes
• Roach, Chapter 11• Suffixes:
1. Have no effect2. Effect the stress-pattern.
attract the stress to the syllable before the suffix
photo - graphy, perfect – ion, tranquil – ity-eous, -ious, -ial, -ic, -ive
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2. Complex Words: suffixes
• Roach, Chapter 11• Suffixes:
1. Have no effect2. Effect the stress-pattern3. Take the stress themeselves
refugee, mountaineer, Portuguese, cigarette, picturesque
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3. Complex words: two stems
• Roach, Chapter 11• suitcase, sunrise, toothbrush• tooth-brush, car-ferry, hay-fever, • Web page, hay fever, summer time
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3. Complex words: two stems
• Roach, Chapter 11• Variable stress
it’s upstairs, an upstairs bedroomhe’s bad-tempered, a bad-tempered man
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3. Complex words: two stems
• Roach, Chapter 11• Word-class pairs, p110
insult, objet, protest, record