Download - Working With and Sharing Interview Material 9310039A Rachelle 9310803A Jeff 9310901A Roxan
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Working With and Sharing Interview Material
9310039A Rachelle
9310803A Jeff
9310901A Roxan
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Working With and Sharing Interview Material
• To study the materials as early as possible
• Managing The Data
• 1. To make materials accessible by organizing (copied and filed consent forms, label audiotapes accurately, keep track of decision points during the process)
• Keep contact to make sure content forms are filed
(order, label, filing, documentation)
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Keeping interviewing and analysis separate
• step1
• Study and analyze a number of Interviews
• Step2.
• frame new questions according to the results which found out from those interview materials
• (avoid any in-depth analysis before finish all the interviews)
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Tape-recorded Interviews• To transform spoken words into a written
texts.• To avoid researchers’ own consciousness
for participants by recoding their actual words.
• Benefits of Keeping original data • 1.to check accuracy• 2.to demonstrate their accountability• 3.to give sense of security to interviewees • 4. to improve techniques of interview
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Transcribing interview tapes• Having interviews in computer files will
improve highly efficient and labor saving
• To transcribe a portion of tapes will lead to some part of information missing
• To record all nonverbal signals (laugh, sighs, pauses, nod…) can enhance the task of researchers while study the transcripts after a long time of interviews.
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Transcription• m…about two hours…it’s Shriek. But the film
was with English subtitle, and I have watched film without subtitle in college…[pause and pondering] when I was a junior student and the film was called “catch 22”
The teacher explained some background information of plot to us. And he asked us to write sentiments about this film.
yes…[I think] [pondering] some audio materials of textbooks and ICRT news, studio classroom.
For instance, I had learned a new words in “No Reservations.” The film is about cooking. So I learned lots of new words about cooking from that film. [laugh]
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Studying and reducing the text
• To reduce the data inductively not “deductively’’
• Researchers must have open attitude, seeking what emerges as important and of interests from the text.
• To make sure that interests in not infused with personal emotion (anger, bias, prejudice)
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Marking what is of interest in the text• Read the texts→ mark with brackets the
interesting passages (meaningful chunks)
• Making Sense as a Personal Process
--the researchers affirms the role of her judgment during the marking process
* member-checking can only inform the judgment for they did not working with the materials
Trust yourself as a reader
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Sharing interview data: Profiles and Themes
• Step1.To develop profiles of individual participants and group them in meaningful categories→
• Step2. to mark individual passages and group them in categories and study these categories in order to find out their connections among them.
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Rationale for crafting profiles• To craft profiles in participants’ own words
to know their past experiences and reflect their consciousness.
• Narrative form of participants’ stories is a necessary way to make sense of interview data.
• 1.to display coherence in the events of participants’ experiences
• 2.to link the individual experiences to the social and organizational context
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I Steps in Crafting a profile
Characteristic: Sequential process.
Steps part1
A. Read the transcript.
B. Mark passages of interest.
C. Label those passages.
D. Make two copies of the marked and labeled transcript.
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E. Cut and file the marked passages into folders or computer files that correspond to the labels you devised for each passage.
( Cut all the passages that you marked as important and paste them together into a single transcript. Tools: word-processing program or a scissors.)
Be careful:
A. Never cut up the original transcript.
B. Resulting cut-and-paste version should be one-third to one half the length of the original three-interview transcript.
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Steps part2: Read the cut-and-paste transcript, and then craft a narrative on the basis of them.
Be careful:
Asking yourself which passages are the most important.
A profile
A. Present the words of participants
B. Use the first person. Ex: I grew up as an only child, but we lived in an apartment house and there was always kids around me.
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C. Be sure faithful to the words of the participants and to identify in the narrative when the words are those of someone else.
D. Create a mark “bracket” or“ellipses”to show that when language not in the interview itself has been inserted.
EX1: I grew up as an only child adopted at ﹝infancy .﹞
EX2: I always took care of kids….
E. Delete certain characteristic of oral speech that a participant would not use such as“uhms”
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F. Present material in a profile in the order in which it come in as soon as possible.
Consideration:
Protect the identity of participant if the written consent form require to do so.
a. Pseudonym
*Be careful: ethnicity, age and the context of the participant’s life.
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b. Changing the participant’s current situation.
Ex: English teacher can become math teacher.
*Be careful:
The disguise need to be used from time to time, but it shouldn’t mislead what the participants has said in the interview.
*Be careful:
The researcher must be sensitive to whether he or she has made the participant vulnerable by the narrative itself.
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*Be careful:
Make much of the participant’s dignity.
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Making Thematic Connection
Many usual ways of interview data:1. To organize excerpts from the word recorded
into categories2. Themes: Excerpts of patterns and connections which are within in
categories.3. Besides, we can present excerpt from the interviews about the topic
and organizedThe process of transcripts :
1. To label the passages that a person who has marked as interesting2. Stop to consider whether can be labeled.
3. Label each passage in a coding system to make easy know where the original passage is.
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4. You can put those excerpts in computer or in folder.5. After that, reread all the file and start sifting out the ones which are not interesting. Rowan called the material a dialectical process. Ask those questions by urself because it is important to keep label for the present:1. What is the subject of the passages that are being marked?2. Are the words and phrase describe them?3. Is there a words within the passage that a category is suitable for the passage?
☆If some categories done early in the process, it will work out.
* The interviewer should respond to the participants’ words andconcentrate their intuition and comprehension.
* Try to form and express their standard in order to coding and sorting process and reducing the mass of words so that it can have moremanageable proportions.
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• Excerpts is from a participant’s experience that connect to each other, sometimes excerpts connect to the literature.
• Need to judge whether particular dramatic incident is idiosyncratic or characteristic (Mostyn,1985).
• Have to be kept in the foreground.• Try to understand their importance for other data that has
compiled.• Don’t seek connections among the participants’ interviews
and build interpretative categories.
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Interpreting and analyzing the material
• To mark passages that are interesting, label them, and gathering them.
• Craft a profile • Last step is ask what u have learned from interviews,
transcripts, mark, label and crafting profile, and organize categories of excerpts.
Such as:
* What connections are there among the experiences of the participants you interviewed?
* What do you understand now that you did not understand before you began the interviews?
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• What confirmations of previous instincts?
• How have your consistent and inconsistent been with the literature?
• Glaser and Strauss’ a practical suggestion:
If the category was reduced and undefined or the
important points are unclear, you can write a note
about those passages. It will lead you to find what
it is you find important in them whole.
☆To ask what the research has meant to him or her, for example, What was the experience like?
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˙connections among events, structures, roles and
social force.
˙Theory is about purpose of the research.
˙Narrative the participants words and we
interact with the participants.
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Two profiles : A Cambodian Survivor of the Pol Pot Era and a Long-Time Day care
Provider• Wrong→ Before the war,…we had a very large
family…a lot of aunt, cousins, and grandparents.
•