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World Ships –
Feasibility and
Rationale
Andreas M. Hein
Cameron Smith
Frédéric Marin
Kai Staats
ESA Advanced Concepts Team Interstellar Workshop 20th June 2019
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Credit: Adrian Mann
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3Credit: Maciej Rebisz
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Time-mass problem
• Time-mass map: Crewed interstellar travel concepts can be locatedin this map:
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Generation ships
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Challenge: Sustain human life over generations
Generation
ships
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Sleeper ships
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Hibernation
Looks good in theory but signficant biological issues
Generation
ships
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Embryo / Emulation ships
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Hibernation
Generation
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Embryo / Emulation
Light, fast, but significant technical feasibility issues
(Hein & Baxter, 2019)
(Crowl et al., 2012)
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World ships
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Hibernation
Generation
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Embryo / Emulation
World
ships
Heavy, slow, but no principle feasibility issue
Credit: Adrian Mann
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World ship characteristics
World ship characteristics (Martin, 1984;
Bond & Martin, 1984; Hein et al., 2012):
• Self-sufficiency: thousands of years
• Population size: > 100,000
• Cruise velocity: < 1%c
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Credit: Adrian Mann
(Hein et al., 2019) – Acta Futura paper
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World ship designs
• Existing world ship designs from the literature:
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(Hein et al., 2019) – Acta Futura paper
[12] (Bond & Martin, 1984)
[17] (Crowl et al., 2012)
[32] (Hein et al., 2012)
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World ship designs
• Existing world ship designs from the literature:
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Credit: Adrian MannCredit: Syd Mead
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World ship designs
• Existing world ship designs from the literature:
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(Hein et al., 2012)
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World ship designs
• Existing world ship designs from the literature:
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Credit: Adrian Mann
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World ships and population size
• Replacing spacecraft mass by population size:
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Population size
World
ships
Colony
shipsSprinter/
Slow-boat
Bond-84
Enzmann ship
(various populations /
trip-times)
Forward
laser sail
Matloff-76
(various
trip-times)
Hein-12
(various
trip-times)
(Hein et al., 2019) – Acta Futura paper
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Genetics – population size
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Population sizes on the order of 1000 – 10,000 needed
(Hein et al., 2019) – Acta Futura paper
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Which world ship designs arefeasible?
• Suitable population size estimates and feasibility of world shipconcepts:
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(Hein et al., 2019) – Acta Futura paper
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Reliability and maintenance
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Credit: Adrian Mann
World ships will comprise
billions of components
(hardware, software,
biological…) Reliability
(Hein et al., 2012)
Very sophisticated, AI-driven
maintenance system needed!
Credit: Maciej Rebisz
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Economics
• Estimates when Earth economy could sustain a world ship:
Estimates based on GDP extrapolations
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Pure economic feasibility in hundreds of years – Does not tell
if we want to invest
Credit: Samsung
(Hein et al., 2019) – Acta Futura paper
[29] (Hein, 2011)
[46] (Martin, 1984)
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What about alternatives?
• World ships: one of many concepts
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Hibernation
Generation
ships
Embryo / Emulation
World
ships
Heavy, slow, but no principle feasibility issue
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Overview of results
• Results for some of the feasibility criteria:
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(Hein et al., 2019) – Acta Futura paper
Several key issues recently addressed; several open issues
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Conclusions
Conclusions:
• World ships remain an interesting concept to study
• How to sustain human life in space over extended time frames
• Key feasibility issues: • Maintenance
• Obsolescence due to other transportaiton modesworld ships as mobile solar system habitats?
Future work:
• Cultural and social aspects shed light on resource-constrainedsocieties in general
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22Credit: Maciej Rebisz
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References
• Crowl, A., Hunt, J., & Hein, A. M. (2012). Embryo Space Colonisation to Overcome the Interstellar Time Distance Bottleneck. Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, 65, 283-285.
• A. Crowl, K. F. Long, and R. Obousy (2012). The Enzmann Starship: History & Engineering Appraisal. Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, 65(6):185.
• A.M. Hein. Technology, Society and Politics in the Next 100-300 (2011). Years – Implications for Interstellar Flight. In 100 Year Starship Study Public Symposium, Orlando, USA.
• A Bond and AR Martin. World Ships-An Assessment of the Engineering Feasibility (1984). Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, 37:254.
• Hein, A. M., Pak, M., Pütz, D., Bühler, C., & Reiss, P. (2012). World ships—architectures & feasibility revisited. Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, 65(4), 119.
• Martin, A. R.. World Ships-Concept, Cause, Cost, Construction and Colonisation (1984). Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, 37:243.
• Bond, A. and Martin, A. R. (1984). World Ships-An Assessment of the Engineering Feasibility. Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, 37:254.
• Hein, A. M., & Baxter, S. (2019). Artificial Intelligence for Interstellar Travel. Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, 72 :125–143
• A.M. Hein, C. Smith, F. Marin, K. Staats (2019). World ships: Feasibility and Rationale. Submitted to Acta Futura.
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Introduction
Andreas Hein, PhD
• Systems engineering researcher• Aerospace engineer
Currently: • Assistant professor in systems engineering at CentraleSupélec, Université
Paris-Saclay• Executive Director Initiative for Interstellar Studies (i4is)
Previously: Dr.-Ing. Technical University of Munich, visiting researcher MIT, Diploma Technical University of Munich; Stanford Ignite Program fellowship, ISAE
Professional experience: ESA-ESTEC Architecture & Strategy Office, Paris-Saclay Efficacité Énergétique (PS2E), Knowledge Inside systems engineeringconsultant
Publications: 60 papers in peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings
Awards (selection): Exemplary PhD Thesis Award, Systems Engineering HonorSociety, Willy Messerschmitt Award (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, TUM)
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Initiative for Interstellar Studies (i4is)
Project Lyra: mission to
interstellar asteroid / comet
(2017/2018)
Project Dragonfly: International
interstellar laser sail mission
design competition (2015)
Collaborations
Achievements
Andromeda Probe: Concept
study for Breakthrough Starshot
(2016)
Collaboration with ISU: 2-week
interstellar & ChipSat module,
student projects (since 2015)
UK not-for-profit company founded in 2014
Objectives: Conduct R&D, education, and public
outreach on interstellar travel
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Initiative for Interstellar Studies (i4is)
• Some recent press coverage:
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