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GOOD MORNING!
Write a short paragraph answering this prompt.
If you were king or queen of RRHS, how would you rule your kingdom? Are you strong enough to rule your kingdom yourself? If not, which of your friends would you have help you rule? Which areas of the kingdom would you have them rule?
1. Please pick up your answer sheet and a marker from the back table.
2. Please get out your Ch. 10 Key Points.
3. In your notes, please complete the following….
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Medieval Europe
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FEUDALISM SIMULATION
You are all members of a Western European society living
after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. After the
Empire fell, there were various waves of attacks from
Barbarians on the outside. Most feared of all were the
invaders that sailed from Scandinavia in the North. These
fierce warriors were known as Vikings or Danes. They stole
everything they could carry off and destroyed what they
could not. Because there was no central government to
provide protection from these attackers people looked to
powerful lords (nobles) and their bands of knights to
provide protection.
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WHO IS THE KING
OR QUEEN?
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WHO ARE THE NOBLES?Homage: a feudal ceremony by which a man acknowledges himself the vassal of a lord
Click icon to add picture
“Oh powerful
monarch, I humbly
request land for
myself and my
family. In return I
will provide
protection and food
for the kingdom.”
“In taking this
oath, I swear to
be loyal to you all
the days of my life
and to never
make war against you.”
As a result of this ceremony, what is the agreement made between king and noble?
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WHO ARE THE
KNIGHTS / VASSALS?
Click icon to add picture
Vassal: a person in who received protection and land from a lord in return for loyalty and serviceVassals also gave homage
oaths.
“In exchange for
food and land, I
swear to fight to
the death
defending you and
your manor and the
kingdom.”
“In taking this
oath, I swear to
provide you food
and shelter.”
1. As a result of this ceremony, what is the agreement made between noble and vassal?
2. Is a noble also a vassal? If yes, to whom?
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WHO ARE THE
PEASANTS?Serf: a person who belonged to a low social class and who lived and worked on land owned by another person
Click icon to add picture
I will be giving you 10 M&M’s. DO NOT EAT YOUR M&M’s! These represent the food produced on a
manor this year.
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What is the
result of the
agreement
between the
serfs and the
vassals?
HOW DID THIS WORK?The serfs will be assigned to a manor. As I assign you, please take your place in your manor with your lord. You may not leave. You are tied to your land for the rest of your life – it is your destiny.
Vassals/Knights: The peasants are paying for protection with their crops. Confiscate 6 M&M’s from each of your peasants.
Vassals/Knights: give 5 of the M&M’s you collected to your noble as a sign of your fidelity. If you collected from 2 serfs- you give 10 M&M’s.
Nobles: give 3 M&M’s collected from each Vassal/Knight to the king or queen as a sign of your fidelity. If you collected from 2 vassals/knights- you give 6 M&M’s.
Who has the
most
M&M’s?
the least?Fidelity: loyalty.
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1. Is this a fair system? Why or why not?
2. What need would the nobles and king have for all the food and material?
3. What choice did the peasants/serfs have?
4. Why did feudalism work?
DEBRIEF
Did the nobles ever try to limit
the power of the kings?
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KEY DATES 476 Roman Empire falls in W. Europe 527 Justinian becomes Byzantine Emperor 537 Completion of the Hagia Sophia 570-632 Muhammad[ 622 Islam calendar year 1] 610-635 Koran is compiled 638 Arabs conquer Jerusalem 762-945 Abbasids take power move capital to Baghdad 800 Charlemagne crowned “Holy Roman Emperor” 860 Cyrillic Alphabet 1000 Chinese invent gunpowder 1066 William the Conqueror invades England (end of Anglo-
Saxon England) 1099 Crusades begin – 1st– Crusaders take Jerusalem 1204 Crusaders take Constantinople 1215 King John signs Magna Carta 1348 Black Plague strikes Europe 1378-1417 Great Schism
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REVIEW- WHY DID ROME FALL IN WESTERN EUROPE?
Expansion & Decline of the Roman Empire
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4TH-5TH CENTURY W. EUROPEUnder control of the Roman EmpireChristian (Edict of Toleration; Emperor Theodosis I)476- Roman Empire collapses in W. Europe• Germanic invasions• Political instability• Economic decline• Population declines
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REVIEW- WHY DID ROME FALL IN WESTERN EUROPE? High inflation rates Low agricultural outputs (yields) Population decline Weak political leaders Invasion, invasion, invasion
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EARLY MIDDLE AGES C.500-1000 Sometimes called the Dark Ages Influenced by Germanic traditions
Tribal organization- allegiance to the king Warrior society Law
Trials by Ordeal, Combat Wergild
Maintains some institutions from the Roman Empire Christianity
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•Merging of Roman and Germanic Tribes•Many Romans maintained their positions of leadership under the Germanic kings• Some Germanic tribes became more Romanized in their traditions
•Germanic society continues to be patriarchal•Women are valued• Dower• Bride price
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EXPANSION OF CHRISTIANITY Missionaries dispatched to Germanic kings The Conversion of Clovis (two different accounts)
http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/source/496clovis.asp
Conversion of Kent and Northumbria http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/source/bede1.asp
Activity- Create a comparison chart noting the similarities and differences in the stories of the conversion of the Franks, Kent and Northumbria. How are these stories similar to the conversion of Roman Emperor Constantine I? Write a thesis statement and provide supporting details in outline form. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/conv-const.asp
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THE FRANKS
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Clovis- belongs to the Merovingian
dynasty converts all to Christianity
Charles Martel (the Hammer)- serves as Mayor of the Palace
under the Merovingian kings defeats the Moors at Battle of
Tours in 732
Pepin the Short- overthrows the Merovingian kings starts the Carolingian dynasty granted title of Protector of Rome
by Pope
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CHARLEMAGNE768-814
Unifies Europe missi dominici counties/Counts supports
Christianity defends Pope Leo III slaughter of the
Saxons promotes education
* Forms the Holy Roman Empire
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CORONATION OF CHARLEMAGNE by Pope Leo 800AD
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Einhard: The Life of Charlemagne
Charles was large and strong, and of lofty stature, though not disproportionately tall (his height is well known to have been seven times the length of his foot); the upper part of his head was round, his eyes very large and animated, nose a little long, hair fair, and face laughing and merry. Thus his appearance was always stately and dignified, whether he was standing or sitting; although his neck was thick and somewhat short, and his belly rather prominent; but the symmetry of the rest of his body concealed these defects. His gait was firm, his whole carriage manly, and his voice clear, but not so strong as his size led one to expect. His health was excellent, except during the four years preceding his death, when he was subject to frequent fevers; at the last he even limped a little with one foot. Even in those years he consulted rather his own inclinations than the advice of physicians, who were almost hateful to him, because they wanted him to give up roasts, to which he was accustomed, and to eat boiled meat instead. In accordance with the national custom, he took frequent exercise on horseback and in the chase, accomplishments in which scarcely any people in the world can equal the Franks. He enjoyed the exhalations from natural warm springs, and often practised swimming, in which he was such an adept that none could surpass him; and hence it was that he built his palace at Aixla-Chapelle, and lived there constantly during his latter years until his death. He used not only to invite his sons to his bath, but his nobles and friends, and now and then a troop of his retinue or body guard, so that a hundred or more persons sometimes bathed with him.
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The Song of Roland http://medievalromance.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/The_Song_of_Roland
Old French Translation
Rollant ad mis l'olifan a sa buche, Empeint le ben, par grant vertut le sunet. Halt sunt li pui e la voiz est mult lunge,Granz .XXX. liwes l'oïrent il respundre. Karles l'oït e ses cumpaignes tutes.Ço dist li reis: "Bataille funt nostre hume!"
Roland has put the horn at his mouth,He places it solidly, with great force he blows it.The mountains are high and the sound carries very far,Thirty long miles away they heard it resonate.Charles heard it, and all his troops.The king spoke these words: "Our troops fight a battle!"
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Charlemagne dies in 814.
HRE begins to fall apart.
Son Louis the Pious takes over.
Issues with his coronation
Ineffective ruler Divides kingdom
between his 3 sons (Treaty of Verdun, 843)
Charles the Bald
Louis the German
Lothair
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CHARLES MARTELgranted fiefs to warriors in exchange for military support
FIEF/BENEFICE: Complete Estate
**This system is complex, convoluted & confusing.**
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POLITICAL, MILITARY, RELIGIOUS, & SOCIAL
Clergy
King
EVERYONE WAS EQUAL IN THE EYES OF THE LORD
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Roman Patronage Roman society also involved a system of
patronage. Members of the upper classes – the patroni – offered protection to freedmen or plebeians, who became their "cliens." Patronage might consist of money, food, or legal help. Traditionally, any freed slaves became the cliens of their former owner.
~http://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/order.html
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ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT“MANORIAL SYSTEM” The economic arrangement between the
land owner (land lord) and their peasant laborers
MANORPopulation: majority were serfs (legally bound
to the land, but not slaves)Paid rent with a large percentage of their
goods or services to the landlordCompensated with protectioncastle, church, village (mill, blacksmith, bake
house, etc.) and surrounding farmland
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A Medieval Manor
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ROMANESQUE ART AND ARCHITECTURE
Buildings based on Roman arch
Architecture appears “heavy”
Church interiors were dark
http://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&l=en&id_site=84&gallery=1&&maxrows=56
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Technological & Agricultural Development• Stirrups (military use by Arabs)• Mold Board (attached to a plow)• 3-field system
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The Vikings
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Who were they?•Scandinavian•Farmers, seafarers, warriors, traders•Polytheistic
Reasons for raids:•Overpopulation•Wealth•Trade
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lc225HP2psw
Where did they settle?• British Isles•Normandy•Iceland•Vinland
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OLD ENGLISH
Spoken/written c. 5-12th centuries12-15th centuries- Middle English16th century- present- Modern English
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1066: THE BATTLE OF HASTINGSKey figures: William, Duke of Normandy Harold, Duke of Wessex Edward the Confessor, King of
England
Harold Hardrada Tostig Odo, Bishop of Bayeux
Outcomes:• End of Anglo-Saxon traditions•Introduction of feudalism•Blending of French and English languages (leads to development of modern English)•Doomsday book
The Battle:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oLy1LskT6Y8
The Records:The Bayeux TapestryAnglo-Saxon Chronicle