Download - Writing and Speaking
![Page 1: Writing and Speaking](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56815d8b550346895dcb96fb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Writing and Speaking
COL 103Chapter 7
Professor Jackie Kroening864-646-1430
864-646-1425 (PSY office)www.lifetour.com
![Page 2: Writing and Speaking](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56815d8b550346895dcb96fb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Writing and SpeakingPREPARE
ORGANIZE
WORK
EVALUATE
RETHINK
Approach writing as a process
Write a flexible outline andconstruct a thesis statement
Get it down in the first draft.Refine it in the second draft
Be your own best critic:fine-tune your work
Reflect on the writing process:what worked, what didn’t?
![Page 3: Writing and Speaking](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56815d8b550346895dcb96fb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Writing ProcessConfronting the Blank
PageIntimidating?
Liberating and Challenging?
Writing is a Process!
![Page 4: Writing and Speaking](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56815d8b550346895dcb96fb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Deciding What your Goal is!
Research paper, based on information you must gather?
Essay arguing a particular point of view?
Fictional short paper Critique of someone else’s work or
argument? Book or movie review?
![Page 5: Writing and Speaking](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56815d8b550346895dcb96fb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Choosing Your Topic
Freewriting – A technique involving continuous, nonstop writing, without self-criticism, for a fixed period of time.
Brainstorming – A technique for generating ideas by saying out loud as many ideas as can be thought of in a fixed period of time.
![Page 6: Writing and Speaking](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56815d8b550346895dcb96fb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Freewriting Freewrite for a fixed amount of time 5
or 10 minutes Only rule is to write continuously,
without stopping. Doesn’t matter if its bad or good. Go back and write single sentence that
captures the main point of what you wrote.
![Page 7: Writing and Speaking](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56815d8b550346895dcb96fb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Brainstorming Oral equivalent of freewriting Say out loud as many ideas as you
can think of in a fixed time period. Work best with a group of friends or
collages.
![Page 8: Writing and Speaking](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56815d8b550346895dcb96fb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Brainstorming (try it 2 page 175)Rules:
No criticisms or judgments made while ideas are being generated.
Collect as many ideas as possible from all participants All ideas are welcome no matter how silly or far out
they seem. Be creative. The more ideas the better because at this point you don't know what might work.
Absolutely no discussion takes place during the brainstorming activity. Talking about the ideas will take place after brainstorming is complete.
Do not criticize or judge. Don't even groan, frown, or laugh. All ideas are equally valid at this point.
Do write all ideas on a flipchart or board so the whole group can easily see them.
Set a time limit (i.e., 30 minutes) for the brainstorming.
![Page 9: Writing and Speaking](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56815d8b550346895dcb96fb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Deciding Who is the Audience!
The instructor – maybe not! Audience may be a layperson People of science People of Art Maybe a person in your family Maybe yourself
![Page 10: Writing and Speaking](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56815d8b550346895dcb96fb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Researching the Topic
Library Books Magazines Newspapers Trade reports
World Wide Web Personal Interviews
![Page 11: Writing and Speaking](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56815d8b550346895dcb96fb/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Researching the TopicAssembling the
information Assemble information folders
Major topics Sub-topics
Create Note cards Place no more then one major idea on each
card (example on page 176)
![Page 12: Writing and Speaking](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56815d8b550346895dcb96fb/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Organize: Constructing a ScaffoldOutline
Be ready to Change it! Should be a road map Keep an open mind Logical order (flow of information)
![Page 13: Writing and Speaking](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56815d8b550346895dcb96fb/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Organize: Constructing a Scaffold
Outline (Try it page 179) Argument Background Body Counterarguments Conclusion
![Page 14: Writing and Speaking](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56815d8b550346895dcb96fb/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Work: Writing the PaperWriting the First Draft
Break down long paper into chunks (maybe two or three pages a day)
Start where you like Turn off your inner critic Go with the flow Don’t be afraid to modify your outline Use your own voice (writing voice)
![Page 15: Writing and Speaking](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56815d8b550346895dcb96fb/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Work: Writing the PaperWriting the First Draft
Read the first draft out loud Take the long view
What is the purpose of my paper Have I addressed every aspect of the assignment
Be ruthless Don’t be afraid to ditch the whole thing Check sequence and logic Check punctuation and spellling Check that all quotes are cited and
referenced correctly Make it pleasing to the eye
![Page 16: Writing and Speaking](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56815d8b550346895dcb96fb/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Evaluate: Acting as Your Own Best Critic
Does my paper accomplish what I set out for it to do?
Put yourself in your instructor’s shoes
Check the mechanical aspects of the paper
![Page 17: Writing and Speaking](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56815d8b550346895dcb96fb/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Rethink: Reflecting on Your Accomplishment
Rethink the message Rethink the mechanics Rethink the method
Always acknowledge other peoples ideas in your paper
![Page 18: Writing and Speaking](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56815d8b550346895dcb96fb/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Speaking Your Mind
Audiences are generally sympathetic
Once you start speaking, it will become easier
Practice helps
![Page 19: Writing and Speaking](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56815d8b550346895dcb96fb/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Speaking Your Mind
POWER for speaking is the same as writing
Prepare Organize Work Evaluate Rethink
![Page 20: Writing and Speaking](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56815d8b550346895dcb96fb/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Meeting the Challenge of Public Speaking
The opening The first minute counts – a lot Begin with an anecdote Start with a question Arouse their curiosity Talk about the significance of the topic Ask a question Use humor
![Page 21: Writing and Speaking](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56815d8b550346895dcb96fb/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Meeting the Challenge of Public Provide oral
transition points “Moving on to a different subject….” “To understand the problem, we need
to consider…” “To sum up, the situation offers some
unexpected advantages….”
![Page 22: Writing and Speaking](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56815d8b550346895dcb96fb/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Meeting the Challenge of Public Helpful hints
A picture can save you a thousand words.
Use the right amount and kind of practice. Practice in front of a friend or classmate.
![Page 23: Writing and Speaking](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56815d8b550346895dcb96fb/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Meeting the Challenge of Public
Extemporaneous Talks Process used to speak1. Point of view2. Reason3. Evidence or examples4. Point of view restated