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XCASTeXplicit Multi-
UnicastYuji IMAI (UG)
xcast-fan-club/WIDE XCAST WG
Eiichi MuramotoPanasonic/WIDE XCAST WG
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Broadcast-like (one-to-many)
•Multicast of IETF meetings•Broadcast of TV programs
Narrowcast-like (a few-to-a few)
•IP Telephony with conferencing•Video conferencing•Real-time collaborative applications•Multiparty networked games
(Source Dirk Ooms in Alcatel.com)
Category of Multicast Applications
Existing Multicast(scales with number of receivers)
Small Group Multicast(scales with number of sessions)
Focus!
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Goal: Narrowcast like multicast
To deliver for limited small number of nodes Network must support very huge number of
small groups. Anybody can transmit from anywhere on the
Internet
TV conference
Multi-player game
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TokyoLondonN.Y.
ParisInternet
Main idea of XCAST Instead of a group address, an explicit list of
unicast destination addresses is stored in an extra header.
IPv6 headerSRC=TokyoDST=N.Y.
Hop-byHop header
TAIL=Paris
ROUTING header[N.Y., London, Paris]
[ 1 , 1 , 0 ]
UDPheader
IPv6 headerSRC=Tokyo
DST=XCAST.
Example: XCAST for IPv6
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Routing procedure
sender-S
receiver-A
receiver-C
receiver-B
payload
CC
BB
AA
S
payload
AA
S
payload
CC
BB
S
payload
CC
S
payload
BB
S
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Tokyo
LondonN.Y.
Paris[NY, London, Paris][ 1 , 1 , 1 ]
[NY, London, Paris][ 0 , 1 , 1 ]
[NY, London, Paris][ 1 , 0 , 0 ]
a. Bundle up destinations which have same next-hop
Routing procedure (detailed)
a. Look-up the next-hop for each address using a unicast routing table.
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Advantages XCAST can be delivered using only
unicast routing information. No need for
a multicast specific routing protocol maintaining multicast status on intermediate
routers group address allocation sender location advertisement
Unlimited Scalability with respect to the number of groups
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Advantages(Cont’d)
Explicit end-to-end control of multicast group membership. Senders can start transmission anytime
without any preparation (MLD, IGMP, PIM...). With existing multicast, receiver must join before
transmission. Sender can change the group membership
(destinations) per packet basis. With existing multicast schemes, membership
change is done by join/prune process, a complex process.
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SICC ( Sender Initiated Congestion Control ) Feature ( SICC is intended to provide)
TCP Fairness Fast Congestion Avoidance Intra Session Fairness ( not limited by slowest receiver )
Method Multiple predefined CBR associated with a different XCAST6 group containing receivers with
similar acceptable sending rates. The acceptable sending rate of each receiver is estimated at the sender using TCP-friendly Rate
Control (TFRC:RFC3448) in response to feedback generated by the receiver. Progress
Panasonic implemented SICC on XCAST6 and installed on the prototype of Network camera , Linux 2.6.10+xcast6-patch, windows viewer under X2U router.
Internet Conference 2005 ( http://www.internetconference.org/ic2005/ ) Demonstration in WIDE camp March on 2006
Future plan Field experiment on AI3 network in Autumn 2006
IP v6 internetPHS128kbps
FTTH 100Mbps
1Mbps
128kbps
18 fps
18 fps
2 fps
Hotspot 11Mbps
Contact: [email protected], Takahiro Yoneda, Eiichi Muramoto, Kazunobu Konishi
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Connecting XCAST islands by tunneling.
•negotiation between network operators•complicated management•encapsulation/peeling cost
Tokyo
London
Paris
N.Y.
Big obstaclefor deployment
Deployment of existing multicast
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IPv6 headerSRC=TokyoDST=N.Y.
Hop-byHop header
TAIL=Paris
ROUTING header[N.Y., London, Paris]
[ 1 , 1 , 0 ]
UDPheader
IPv6 headerSRC=Tokyo
DST=XCAST.
Temporal destinationType prefix has ‘01’ that means “ignore this option and forward” if router doesn’t know this option.
Semi-permeable capsule of XCAST6 The intermediate router which does not support
XCAST6 treats a XCAST6 datagram as a regular unicast datagram.
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Tokyo
LondonN.Y.
Paris
Even if non-XCAST6 routers are on the way, XCAST6 datagrams pass them once and turn back to next destination at next XCAST6 node.
i. End node can transmit XCAST6 in any environment.
ii. Installing more XCAST6 routers, path become optimized gradually.
Semi-permeable capsule(cont’d)
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Implementations
XCAST fan club/WIDE project/FUJITSU Lab. OS: NetBSD 3.0, FreeBSD 4.6.2 VIC (Video Conference) & RAT (Robust Audio Tool) http://sourceforge.net/projects/xcast6
XCAST fan club/ETRI/Soongsil University OS: Linux 2.6.x VIC & RAT http://sourceforge.net/projects/xcast-linux
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14
X6Bone project
NoBUG CBUG
IRISA(fr)
WIDExgate
/40EBUG
BayBUG
/40
v6/v4 tunnel ADSL
ForWIDE 6Bone
/48
/48
/48
NBUG2
KNOPPIX
Siz-PUG
UMD(MY)
WakHokUniv.