Download - XML 101
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XML 101
Holly Hyland
Session 27
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Objectives
– XML Basics
– Building Standards• History
• Current State
• Future Vision
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What Is XML?
• eXtensible Markup Language– Internet document language– Open source
• Free• Non-proprietary• Supported by world wide web
consortium (W3C)
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XML Advantages
• Easy to understand and use
• Already has a large base of users and support tools – New browser versions understand
XML
– Wide industry interest and support
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Flat File Example
0405298927382 03 1979Sally ASmith 0203INDL2222222 FP 417 Halper Road Fort Wayne
IN46807Allen USA2197446947 [email protected] 1221784902
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XML Example<Student SSN=“298927382” BirthDate=“1979-02-03” LastName=“Smith”>
<Identifiers><DriversLicense>
<DriversLicenseState>IN</DriversLicenseState><DriversLicenseNumber>DL2222222</DriversLicenseNumber>
</DriversLicense><Name>
<FirstName>Sally</FirstName> <MiddleInitial>A</MiddleInitial></Name><Contacts>
<AddressLine>417 Hapler Road</AddressLine> <AddressCity>Fort Wayne</AddressCity><AddressStateProvinceCode>IN</AddressStateProvinceCode><AddressPostalCode>46807</AddressPostalCode>
</Contacts>
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XML Advantages
• Data files are machine-and human-readable– You don’t need to read it, but you could
• The entire document, or portions of the record, can be transmitted– Data elements can be omitted and order is
less important• Additional information can be easily added
– Schemas can reference other schemas
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XML Characteristics
• Uses tags “<>” and “</>”
• Structured: document must have beginning and end. Elements must have beginning and end tags – Helps reduce ambiguity
– Easier to find errors
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Potential Uses
• Enhanced Browser capabilities– “Smart searches”– Web databases
• Better control of output• Application to Application document
transfer• XML based e-commerce
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<STUDENTID type = “SSN”> 123456789 </STUDENTID><DEMOGRAPHIC> <BIRTH DATE type=“DATE”> 19740823 </BIRTH DATE> <GENDER> M </GENDER></DEMOGRAPHIC><GRADE_REPORT> <SESSION Code=”!199901”> <LABEL> SPRING SESSION </LABEL> <YEAR type=”CCYY”> 1999 </YEAR> <COURSE index=”1”> <CREDIT type=”hours> 4 </CREDIT> <GRADE> A </GRADE> <CODE> SPN 406 </CODE> <COURSE_TITLE>
SPANISH I </COURSE_TITLE> </COURSE> <COURSE index=”2”> <CREDIT type=”hours> 3 </CREDIT> <GRADE> B </GRADE> <CODE> HIS 302 </CODE> <COURSE_TITLE>
TX HISTORY </COURSE_TITLE> </COURSE>
web.xsl
pda.xsl
edi.xsd
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Why Use XML for Educational Records?• Share information seamlessly and easily• Cost savings
– “Off the shelf” tools are coming to market
• Technology-neutral– Joins different databases or systems– Smaller institutions can adopt
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XML Terms
• DTD: Master listing of all the elements, including where and how they need to be placed in the documents
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XML Terms (Continued)
• Schema: An XML application that can describe the allowed content of documents– Validation: Process of checking structural
validity of document– Instance Document: A listing of all possible
tags – XML Example Document: A listing of tags
with example data
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XML Terms (continued)
• XSL, XSLT: Converts an XML file into a another specified format
• Parser: Tool that reads the document and divides it into individual elements, attributes, and other pieces
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FSA Business Needs
• Reduce redundant data storage• Improve customer relationships• Increase accuracy of analytics• Increase efficiency in data
handling• Reduce costs
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The Common Record
• First implementation by FSA
• Used for Student Financial Aid Pell Grant, Direct Loan, and Campus-Based Aid
• XML Schema published November 2001; implementation May 2002
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Common Record Expansion
• ORIGINAL VISION: Use XML Technology to create financial aid data packet standards.
Financial Aid OfficeFinancial Aid Office
ISIR
FFELPELL
DL
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Common Record Expansion
• REVISED VISION: Use XML Technology to create higher education or cross-industry data packet standards.
Educational InstitutionEducational Institution
Admissions Registrars Financial Aid
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Common Record Expansion
Educational InstitutionEducational Institution
AddressLineAddressCity
Admissions Registrars Financial Aid
AddressLineAddressCity
AddressLineAddressCity
AddressLineAddressCity
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Common Record ExpansionConvergence of Standards
XML Forum Core Components
XML Forum Core Components
Financial Aid Core
Components
Financial Aid Core
Components
Admissions/Registrar
Core Components
Admissions/Registrar
Core Components
ASC X12EDI
ASC X12EDI
CommonLine
CommonLine MeteorMeteor
Common Record
COD
Common Record
COD
ebXMLebXML
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Importance of Standards
• Every year it becomes more expensive to upgrade systems
• Every organization is expected to do more with less
• Standards make training easier• Reduce change for the sake of change• Make cross-training easier
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Common Record – XML BenefitsXML is a meta-language -- allows trading partners to develop markup languages.
XML is hierarchical in nature -- can represent more complex relationships.
XML blocks can be repeated -- making information sharing more flexible.
XML schemas define advanced relationships that are not possible in standard flat files.*
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Development Initiatives in Process• Request/Response of XML Postsecondary
Transcript• Request/Response of Degree Audit• Online Loan Counseling• High School XML Transcript• Data Transport• Student Aid Inquiry• Admission Application
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Vision/Where Are We Going?
• Members of the community have come together to build an XML standard for higher education.
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Questions?
I appreciate your feedback and comments. I can be reached at:
– Name: Holly A. Hyland
– Phone: 202.377.3710
– Email: [email protected]